This report shows a robust and efficient implementation of a speed-optimized algorithm for object recognition, 3D real world location and tracking in real time. It details a design that was focused on detecting and following objects in flight as applied to a football in motion. An overall goal of the design was to develop a system capable of recognizing an object and its present and near future location while also actuating a robotic arm in response to the motion of the ball in flight.

The implementation made use of image processing functions in C++, NVIDIA Jetson TX1, Sterolabs’ ZED stereoscopic camera setup in connection to an embedded system controller for the robot arm. The image processing was done with a textured background and the 3D location coordinates were applied to the correction of a Kalman filter model that was used for estimating and predicting the ball location.

A capture and processing speed of 59.4 frames per second was obtained with good accuracy in depth detection while the ball was well tracked in the tests carried out.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) används i många områden idag. Det finns olika typer av sårbarhet och hot mot RFID-system där bland annat skimning av bankomatkort är ett hot. Skimning är bankomatkortsbedrägeri genom att stjäla känsliga kortuppgifter som senare kan användas i brottsligt syfte. På grund av hot för skimning, har olika RFID-skydd dykt upp på marknaden, så kallade skimningsskydd som är designade att placeras i plånboken för att skydda korten mot avläsning. I examensarbetet har olika skimningsskydd testats, där resultatet blev att de var skillnad mellan dem. Det dyrare skyddet skyddade flera kort samtidigt medan det billigare alternativet endast kunde skydda ett kort samtidigt. Efter resultatet var slutsatsen att skimningsskydden inte var tillräckligt effektiva för att skydda alla korten i en plånbok. För att ge bästa skydd bör placeras längst ut på varje sida i plånboken.

Många telefoner har en inbyggd RFID-standard vid namn Near Field Communication (NFC), som gör det möjligt att scanna beröringsfria bankomatkort med inbyggd RFID-krets. I det här examensarbetet har olika beröringsfria kort lästs av med hjälp av en telefon med inbyggd NFC-teknik med härför avsedda applikationer. Både kortnummer och utgångsdatum gick att läsa av, dock inte CVC-koden. Slutsats efter detta experiment var att det är svårt att skimma en annan persons kort med hjälp av en telefon med inbyggd NFC-teknik. Telefonen måste vara i direktkontakt med kortet för att kunna läsas av, däremot kan en RFID-läsare med lång räckvidd skimma från längre avstånd.

Två olika RFID-läsare har testats, där den ena läsaren hade en inbyggd antenn men till den andra läsaren har en extern antenn designats och kopplats in. Syftet var att mäta läsavståndet mellan tagg och RFID-läsare. Läsavståndet varierade på grund av antennens egenskaper.

ABSTRACT

Aim: From its inception to its expansion nationally and internationally, the management of a restaurant franchise concept uses various critical success factors to overcome the barriers that they encounter throughout their different growth phases. This study aims to find out what the CSFs are for Swedish restaurant franchisors of different sizes, what barriers they encounter and what their solutions to these problems are.

Method: This is a qualitative study. An initial study was performed by open-ended interviews with the CEOs of the Swedish Franchisor organization and the CEO of the Swedish Franchisee organization. Thereafter, ten semi-structured telephone interviews were held with the upper management at Swedish restaurant franchisor companies. Saturation was achieved after 6-8 interviews and the data was analyzed thematically.

Results & Conclusions: Small franchisors focus on concept development, finding capital and finding franchisees. Two of the smaller franchisors used crowdfunding to finance their expansion. Larger franchisors focus on standardization, improving their quality and on brand building. The conclusion is that there are significant differences in the CSFs for small and large franchisors.

Suggestions for future research: This study is limited in scope and limited in time. For future research, we would recommend a longitudinal study of several newborn franchise systems, to study them over several years and to see which CSFs are more important at different growth stages. Another research approach could be to rank the CSFs by using a quantitative method and work with a larger sample frame of franchisors. Or to study our fastest growing respondent.

Contribution of the thesis: The main contribution to literature is that small franchisors focus on selecting the right franchisees and locations, large franchisors focus on developing the concept and on standardization. The main managerial implication is that franchisors of all sizes need to take a broad perspective and plan for different expansion phases.

Keywords: Franchising, Franchisee, Franchisor, Critical Success Factors, CSFs, Restaurant Chain, Fast-Food chain, life cycle, expansion, barriers.

Title: Technology and Consumers’ Experiences in Fashion Physical Stores: The Case of Sweden

Level: Master Thesis in Business Administration

Author: Meron Kebede Abebaw; Willard Kingstone Matukuta

Supervisor: Agneta Sundström, PhD

Examiner: Maria Fregidou-Malama, PhD

Date: May, 2018 

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze whether in-store digital technology in fashion retailers are used to change the customers’ shopping experience and behavior.

Method: This study chooses qualitative research and used both primary and secondary data collection as method.

Results and conclusions: This study have reached to conclude that: with the current advances in technology, physical stores can use in-store technology to give customers a new experience; physical stores perceive that using in-store digital technology will change customers shopping experience. Also, marketing mix inputs and technology affect customers’ behavior.

Suggestions for future research: For future research, how smart fitting rooms may influence the customer experience in the physical store will be important to study. Researchers can also consider understanding customer responses to in-store technology. Finally, a customer’s perspective to both suggestions should improve the knowledge on whether digital solutions are preferred in in-store shopping or not.

Contributions of the thesis: This thesis contributes to the current state of theories on in-store technology by showing atmosphere has effect on customers’ experiences and behavior in addition to the marketing mix. On the managerial perspective, analyzing the installation of this technology will enable to identify its effect on customers’ experiences and behavior. In addition, on the societal perspective, the behavior of customers will help in motivating younger generation to utilize this in-store technology.

The scarcity of water affects many developing nations. Today, Morocco,characterized by an arid and semi-arid climate, is approaching absolute scarcityof freshwater availability of 730 m3/capita/year. The effect of the scarcity ofwater is highly evident in rural localities, which are driven to rely on wellwater and rainwater harvesting. Potability of alternative water sources isuncertain as it is not monitored by municipal treatment plants.The objective of this investigation was to study the quality and quantity ofdrinking water in rural areas of Souss Massa region. Water samples collectedfrom seven study sites were sent to private laboratories for microbiologicaland physicochemical analysis.The results of the tests revealed that the drinking water in Agadir Ouguejgal,Ben Anfar and Ait Said was unsafe for human consumption due to fecalcontamination. Concerning physicochemical examination, nitrate levels inTouamal as well as iron levels in Agadir Ouguejgal exceeded the maximumallowable concentration provided by the WHO and the Moroccan regulations.This constitutes serious health risk to its population. To prevent diseaseoutbreaks and long-term illness in these areas, anomalies to MoroccanStandards, should be addressed.The scarcity of water is highly evident in Agadir Ouguejgal, where waterconsumption is approximately 8 l/capita/day. With this amount of waterconsumption, proper sanitation cannot be assured.Statistically, a strong correlation was found between E. coli and totalcoliform. Trend analysis demonstrated a downward trend on water balance inthe Souss Massa region.To mitigate water quality issues in the Souss Massa region, a morecomprehensive investigation is mandatory which focuses on the exact sourceof the pollution and measures that is applicable to rural villages.

Like other municipal waste collectors in Sweden, Gästrike Återvinnare have in recent years implemented measures to climb up the waste hierarchy and reduce the environmental impact of waste. No quantitative longitudinal study of the climate benefits of these measures have previously been conducted. What change of environmental impact can be quantitatively demonstrated from these measures? How effective have the measures been and why? The overall purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact of waste collected in the Swedish region of Gästrikland and how it has evolved over time. Finally, recommendations are formulated for reduced environmental impact from waste.

The climate impact from waste management was calculated using statistics of collected waste combined with life-cycle data obtained through literature study of previously conducted studies. The geographical delimitation of the study covers the municipal waste management in the municipality of Gävle and Gästrike Återvinnare. The environmental impact category chosen in this study is potential contribution to global warming, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). The study is limited to statistics from 2001 to 2016 and the waste fractions mixed household waste, combustible residual waste, food waste, packaging, corrugated board and electrical waste.

During the surveyed period, the climate impact of the investigated fractions went from a net value of 78 kg CO2e per person in 1991, i.e. the emissions from the waste treatment were greater than the potentially avoided emissions from alternative production of materials and energy. By 2016 the net value was -100 kg CO2e per person and year, the potentially avoided climate impact exceeded the impact that the waste management causes. The most important change in terms of climate impact was the cessation of land filling of mixed household waste. Important was also the expanded recycling of newspapers, packaging and electrical waste.

A sensitivity analysis was conducted where a scenario with alternative life cycle data for climate impact was tested for the fractions with the largest impact on the result. Based on the sensitivity analysis, it can be confirmed that the waste management system has achieved a lower climate impact during the period. However, this study can not reliable state whether the net value of the waste management's climate impact has reached negative values or is close to zero.

The ban on landfilling of combustible household waste and the introduction of producer responsibility have both proved to be effective means of reducing the environmental impact of waste. Despite the improvements, it can be noted that the biggest changes regarding volume have occurred in the lower steps of the waste hierarchy. An important challenge in waste management is to find and implement effective measures for the higher steps in the waste hierarchy.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) är en pågående diskussion inom företagsekonomisk forskning, likväl som investeringseffektivitet är intressant för företagens lönsamhet. Vi undersöker huruvida ägarstrukturen i företag påverkar sambandet mellan CSR och investeringseffektivitet.

Title: Profitable CSR: Are intangible assets necessary to earn money on CSR?

Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration

Author: Anita Johansson and Rikard Andersson

Supervisor: Jan Svanberg

Date:  2018 – may

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intangible assets constitute the missing link in the bidirectional relationship between CSP and CFP. The aim was also to investigate if the growth phase affects the strength of the relationship.

Method: The study assumes a positivistic research philosophy with a hypothetical-deductible approach. Secondary data have been collected from the database Thomson Reuters. Time perspective that has been used is called longitudinal design using data from eleven years and this data has been analyzed in SPSS.

Result & Conclusions: The result provides evidence that intangible assets act as a partial mediator of the positive bidirectional relationship between CSP and CFP. However, the impact of intangible assets in the bidirectional relationship between CSP and CFP depending on growth phase does not show any evident result and cannot be established.

Contribution of the thesis: The study provides proof that there is a mediating effect from the intangible assets of the bidirectional relationship between CSP and CFP. Even though our result of growth as a variable is not strengthened, this can be the basis for further research and, in spite of everything, has contributed to more knowledge. Our results contribute to the theoretical knowledge that future research can build on while corporate executives can invest in intangible assets while achieving financial goals.

Suggestions for future research: One suggestion for future research is to include private companies who are missing public sustainable reporting. If another selection is included, it can make the result more justified. Since our study did not bring an evident result about the impact of the growth phase it would have been interesting if further research could be a comparative study. Since it takes time to build up intangible assets a comparison between the same companies during a period of high growth to a period of stagnant growth, could show a more evident result of the impact of the intangible assets.

Den ökade globaliseringen har främjat utrikeshandeln. Vidare har de minskaderestriktionerna och handelshindren medfört att företag numera är verksamma på en global och turbulent marknad. Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra Sverige och Kina medavseende på utrikeshandel och hinder. Inom utrikeshandeln är hinder i samband medgodstransport ett vanligt förekommande problem av den anledningen kommer dessahinder analyseras och studeras. Sverige har valts att undersökas för att tillföra ett svensktperspektiv och bidra till en ökad insikt inom svensk utrikeshandel. Kina har valts attundersökas eftersom det är en ekonomisk världsledande nation inom utrikeshandeln.Vidare har forskningsfrågor formulerats och dessa har besvarats med hjälp avtillhandahållen data av Världsbankens enkätundersökning. Den erhållna datan harbearbetats och analyserats med hjälp av envariabels- och flervariabelanalys som harbehandlats av statistikprogrammet Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Iden teoretiska referensramen har data samlats in genom kurslitteratur, vetenskapligaartiklar och webbkällor.

I resultatavsnittet har tabeller och diagram upprättats för att åskådliggöra skillnader mellan Sveriges och Kinas utrikeshandel och hinder med avseende på export, import, stöld, skadat gods, och transporttid. Av resultatet framgår det att andelen importeratmaterial och råvaror anges vara dubbelt så stor i Sverige i jämförelse med Kina. I slutsatsen framgår det att finns markanta skillnader mellan Sverige och Kina gällandeländernas utrikeshandel och hinder. Vidare har förbättringsåtgärder och lösningarpresenterats med teorin som utgångspunkt. Några av dessa innefattar implementering aveffektiviserade och optimerade distributionssystem och utformningen av hållbara ochsäkra godsförpackningar för att minska förekomsten av skadat gods under transport.

Denna studie behandlar ett nytt forskningsområde och kommer huvudsakligen tillföra nykunskap inom Sveriges och Kinas utbyteshandel och hinder i samband med godstransportvilket är ett aktuellt fenomen med hög relevans. Med hjälp av aktuell forskning kanförekommande hinder i samband med godstransport analyseras och förebyggas.

Emballagefabriken manufactures packaging solutions made of wood and plywood. Low profitability prevails on the manual assembly department of the company, due to a long throughput time in the manufacture of the Plywood box. The production is performed in four steps and begins at the saw department followed by the printing department, then the cnc department and finally the assembly. The purpose of this work was to reduce the non-value-added activities that occurred in the production flow.

To get an overview of the current situation, a material flow analysis was performed followed by a preliminary study that identified which activities were performed in each department. With this in mind, quantitative time studies of activities were conducted in parallel with qualitative observa-tions. Finally, all activities were classified in cooperation with production staff and production manager.

The time studies resulted in a mapping of non-value-added activities, which were then analyzed. Finally, improvement proposals were put forward that the company could implement.

The conclusion of the work showed that there was potential to reduce, and in some cases eliminate, non-value-adding activities.

Although computers have been around for a long time and are used more and more, the use of paper inoffices remains. One of the reasons is that there are not good enough digital tools to get rid of paper from work. In this qualitative case study, the office department of ABB Components is investigating on how the implementation processes for a paperless information flows can be introduced in ways that generate benefits of working digitally.

The result of this study will be based on data collected from interviews and observations carriedout in the office. By identifying which processes using paper in the office, different tools have been developed to facilitate the implementation. The result of this study suggests that the implementation of a paperless information flows must be a well-planned change process where tools are developed to compensate for the earlier use of paper.

With the introduction of paperless information flows, the use of consumables will decrease and the location it takes to store these papers will disappear. This leads to more cost-effective work and less waste paper. In order for this concept to lead to a more beneficial routine it needs to be redesigned for the implementation.

Background – Through the progress in information and communication technology (ICT) new possibilities to connect smart objects via the internet arose. The number of connected devices had a strong growth in the past years and will continue rising fast in the next years as well. This new kind of smart and connected products (SCP) enables a lot of new product capabilities which have an impact on the creation of new customer value and competition on the market. Related to that, companies have to deal with digitisation and the affects for their products and manufacturing system.

Purpose – The purpose of this thesis is to investigate changes in the manufacturing system when the products are getting smarter and connected. A special focus lays on the well-established Lean thinking approach. The results shall help to understand what new circumstances the decision to make the products smarter and connected will bring for a manufacturing department.

Methodology – Relevant literature was reviewed to gain a theoretical framework. For gathering primary data, a qualitative case study was applied. Meetings with members of the case company’s management were arranged to conduct interviews. Additionally, observations were made during a guided tour through the production shop-floor and at a company presentation. The interview was recorded, transcribed and evaluated. Afterwards, the results from the case study were analysed and compared with theory based on the theoretical framework. Conclusions were made.

Findings – The differences or changes in manufacturing because the products are getting smarter and connected are much more electronic components and software. Furthermore, new operating equipment is needed. The new circumstances require new knowledge and skills. Therefore, people have to be trained. New problems occur e.g. software problems. The use of Lean tools can be more difficult and time-consuming because of missing know-how and improvements itself are becoming more digital.

Contribution – This thesis investigated the effects on the manufacturing system when the products get smarter and connected, which nobody did before. A practical case study with interviews, observations and secondary data from the company was applied.

Limitations – The findings match reality based on data from the case company. Available time and access to data from the company’s side were limited. This means that the generalisation must be done with caution. However, it can be said that the findings may apply to many other industrial companies of similar size and similar products.

Stora Enso is today one of the four largest companies in the swedish forest industry. The company's business is spread all over the world, but it’s headquarters are located in Sweden and Finland. Stora Enso Skog is part of the company's global organization for wood supply to Swedish sawmills, paper mills and pulp mills. As all companies, regardless of industry, are part of a supply chain, an impact on and by other performers in the chain occurs. It is this influence that determines the prerequisites and starting points for effective processes and flows. The supply chain between forests and industry, on the other hand, is complex as tree as a raw material source are generally difficult to specify. The purpose of this case study is, therefore, to map the supply chain of the pinetree-timber at the “Dalälven” area from forest harvesting to measurement and sorted stock at the sawmill. Based on this objective, a delimitation has been made in such a way that the case study is performed only after pinetree-timber as a product. By dividing this pinetree-timber process into three parts; the harvesting process, the transport process and the measurement process an observation and semi-structured interviews was made with closely related staff as well as the transport partner Westan Logistik. The answers from interviews constituted an empirical comparison that was then compared to reviewed secondary data in the form of different literary theories. The results are visualized through a process flowchart, a information flowchart, a value-flow analysis, and a leadtime analysis, which have shown, among other things, that the value-creating activities (V) are less compared to non-value-creating activities (I) and the necessary non-value creation activities (N) in the pine-tree timber process. Even the leadtime proportion is greatest in the non-value-creating activities. The results provided the basis for an analysis and, last but not least, conclusions could be drawn. Because the raw material is complex, and the pinetree-timber process contains many performers, it can be a challenge to get a smooth and efficient flow through the supply chain. Interviews and theories have shown that the physical as well as the informative flow has difficulties which, for instance, slow down the process more than necessary. It is therefore interesting to see through a mapping how these can be improved and have a higher level of efficiency.

The environmental and climate change is a result of the earth's resources being consumed in a way that is not sustainable. We can see that this will lead to consequences for both humans and the environment for instance through the global temperature rise (Global Portal 2018). This study refers to highlight any differences between male and female leadership styles in organizations towards sustainable development. It also illustrates differences according to municipal or private owned companies. The study is conducted through multi case studies. Qualitative interviews have been conducted to highlight leadership styles towards sustainable development and some of the UN's 17 global goals for a sustainable development. The result of the study is presented in a chart. The results illustrate that the women leader is more aware and engaged in the company’s work towards a sustainable development. It is also highlighted that the male leader in the private company has a similar leadership style as the women leader in the municipal company. This study contributes to theory by result in characteristic differences between women and male leaders. Contributions to theory is also given by differences between municipal and private companies. A limitation in this study is that the result may vary depending on participating companies. If the same companies are participating the chance of getting the same result is high. A recommendation for further studies is to analyze if work on sustainable development gets effected by age of the leader.

Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur handlingsplaner från ett antal högstadieskolor i Gävle och Sandvikens kommun ser ut när det gäller hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck. Mina frågeställningar är: Finns det handlingsplaner för misstänkt hedersrelaterat våld på de aktuella skolorna och hur ser de i så fall ut? Följer handlingsplanerna riktlinjerna i officiella styrdokument och svensk lag? Jag har använt mig av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod då jag använt mig av enkäter för att få svar på mina frågeställningar samt analyserat likabehandlingsplaner. I studien har jag redogjort och redovisat begreppet hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck samt undersökt vad lagen säger. Jag har använt mig av FN:s förklaring av de mänskliga rättigheterna, Svensk lagstiftning, Skollagen, Sociallagen och Länsstyrelsen. I min studie har jag använt mig av tidigare forskning som förklarar strukturen i hedersvåldet, samt förklarar dess kännetecken, normer och regler, men även forskning som studerar hur hedersproblematiken blir en värdekonflikt i skolan. Åtta skolor är med i min undersökning och resultatet visar att två av dessa skolor följer officiella styrdokument och svensk lag. Sex av skolorna följer inte officiella styrdokument och har inte heller en egen utarbetad handlingsplan. Vilket ställer frågan: finns det beredskap att hantera denna problematik?

Introduction and purpose: Innovation has become an increasingly important part of organizational development, both product development and process development. This due to globalization and increased competitiveness on the market. Innovation is about to develop and adapt strategies to focal organization, and to improve capabilities that is useful for current situation and circumstances. This is something that has proved to be difficult for organizations. The case organization in this thesis work perceive to find strategies for how to structure their work with innovation management, by make use of the skills and available resources.  

The purpose of this thesis work is to identify obstacles that prevent innovation and to suggest how a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) with outsourced production can improve their innovation capabilities to be more competitive in market.

Method: This thesis work is based on information collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews with managers within a case organization. The interviews were carried out in order to create an understanding of current organization. Chosen questions concerned how the organization are working with innovation management.

Results: Obstacles for innovation capabilities can be based on several different factors. For example, an obstacle in this case could be lack of internal competencies, lack of communication between the organizational departments or too extensive project. Such obstacles are commonly expressed within the organization. Even, unexpressed obstacles could be another factor. Structure and definition of the innovation work, or outsourced production processes which results in limited possibility for impact, are examples for unexpressed obstacles. Both types have a significant impact on innovation capabilities, but it may be different to encode.

Conclusion: Through this thesis work, several obstacles that prevent innovation in organization have been identified. These obstacles regarding to structure and develop an internal functioning work with innovation, were all concerned parts promotes for an innovative organization.

Increased market knowledge and external collaborations are also important strategies for SME organizations with outsourced production processes to consider, in order to improve their innovation capabilities.

Keywords: Innovation Management, Innovation with outsourced production, Innovative culture, Be innovative with existing resources, Increase innovation capabilities.

The aim of this study was to examine if the introduction of neighborhood watch affects the number of burglary. The questions asked were; which types of methods of neighborhood watch were used, and what kind of differences there were between selected areas in Södermalm, Stockholm. We created a matched sample of areas and contacted mediators of neighborhood watch in these areas. We conducted a quantitative study using structured interviews and presented data per burglary rates in the areas five years before and one to five years after neighborhood watch was implemented. The results were analyzed by comparative analysis and concluded that common methods of neighborhood watch were e.g. signage, security doors, good contacts between neighbors and attention to suspects in the area. The differences between the methods used means that general conclusions about differences and similarities cannot be concluded. The impact of neighborhood watch differed, and the results were ambiguous.

This essay evaluates the police department in Medelpad’s changed way of working,

focusing on it´s process, goals, and effects. The purpose of this essay has been to

examine whether the police has achieved their two main goals of improving their

investigation function and their working environment. These goals have been the

main focus in the foundation of how the changed way of working has been

developed and executed. In this essay the main goals are evaluated by using index

data and a questionnaire. The results indicate that the improved way of working has

been implemented as planned, which essentially has resulted in predominantly

positive effects. Within the framework of this essay and in proportion to it´s

limitation, it seems that an effective leadership has been incorporated which seems

to have led to an improved working environment. Furthermore, the index data

suggests an increased efficiency in the police departments investigation results. For

instance, it is shown by fewer open investigation cases.

Syfte: Syftet är att utifrån de tre faktorerna kundnöjdhet, kundengagemang och tillit öka förståelsen för hur tjänsteföretag arbetar med kundlojalitet på sociala medier.

Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och präglas av en induktiv forskningsansats. Studiens data är insamlad genom elva semistrukturerade intervjuer som bearbetats genom tematisk analys.

Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att samtliga företag arbetar med kundlojalitet på sociala medier utifrån de tre faktorerna kundnöjdhet, kundengagemang och tillit. Att besvara kommentarer och hålla hög svarsfrekvens var de främsta arbetssätten som framkom under faktorn kundnöjdhet. Tävlingar, inlägg som väcker känslor och säsongsbaserade inlägg användes för att skapa kundengagemang. I arbetet med tillit visar företagen upp sitt hållbarhetsarbete och arbetar för att minska osäkerhet.

Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien teoretiska bidrag är en ökad förståelse för hur tjänsteföretag arbetar med kundlojalitet utifrån de tre aspekterna kundnöjdhet, kundengagemang och tillit. Studien har även bidragit på ett praktiskt plan genom att belysa för tjänsteföretag vilka arbetssätt som kan vara bra att använda sig av i arbetet mot att skapa kundlojalitet via sociala medier.

Förslag till vidare forskning: För att upplysa företag ytterligare om hur de kan arbeta på sociala medier för att skapa kundlojalitet anser vi att vidare forskning kan utföras från ett kundperspektiv. Detta kan bidra med information från en ny synvinkel och även styrka resultatet av denna studie. Vi ser även att forskare i framtiden kan utvidga den geografiska avgränsningen för ett mer generaliserbart resultat.

This qualitative resource takes ground from the theory of postfeminism as epistemological break within feminism as well as a resource tools. While using a qualitative content analysis to find post based on feminism, a critical discourse analysis has been used to understand how language, in this case – language used in comment fields – can construct realities. The study aims to find understanding for these discourses as well as get a deeper knowledge of the correlation between media content and the comment-section. To do so, the study grasp all the interaction from the pictures that are chosen, caption that are written and the varieties of reactions that are commented.

This study uses the Swedish, yet internationally known, pop-artist Zara Larsson as main figure for the research since she’s somewhat of an unofficial ambassador for feminism, especially for the young media public. 

The study shows that there is a significant correlation between content/caption and the comment section. Depending on tonality, length of caption, picture, subject and who the author is – the comment section gets more or less aggressive. Power relationships is an importance factor regarding the relationship between publisher and the users in the comment sections. This means that for someone who’s well established in the media flow, controlling ones’ comment section is, at least at some level, doable, although – while not trying to state the obvious, the study would also like to point out that so called ‘trolling’ – meaning provocative comments – will appear in the comment section no matter the content and caption. Therefore, these comments go under the word trolling or hating due to the fact that they lack arguments or valid reasons other than spreading negativity. 

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka tv-serierna Sex and the City och Girls ur ett feministiskt perspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ undersökning i form av en diskursanalys samt filmanalys besvarades studiens frågeställningar. Seriernas alla säsonger har granskats och ett visst antal scener har analyserats för att få en överblick över hur den feministiska representationen ser ut i tv-serierna. Detta utifrån teorier kring den manliga blicken, kvinnokroppen och intertextualitet samt tidigare forskning av de båda serierna. Vidare har serierna jämförts för att se vilka likheter respektive skillnader som finns dem emellan. Kommentarer om de både serierna i medier har även studerats. Undersökningen visade att både Sex and the City och Girls skildrar feminism och ickefeminism utifrån den samtid de utspelar sig i samt att kommentarerna i medier omfattar blandad kritik om serierna.

This study is aiming to investigate if there is a detectable difference, and if so, what characterizes that difference, between female and male written language in news reports from two catastrophic events that have had great impact on the Swedish society, namely the disco fire in Gothenburg in 1998 and the tsunami that hit the Bay of Bengal in 2004.

For the purpose of the investigation, 78 articles were pulled from the Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheterand Svenska Dagbladet, with help by the newspaper search engine Retriever. Those articles were then closely examined through the use of both qualitative and quantitative content analysis. 

The study showed that there were some differences to be found in the language use of female and male journalists concerning the two news events. Some of these differences being that the female reporters both tended to use more pronouns in their texts, and too describe events in more detail than their male colleagues. Other features that set female and male articles apart, were that female texts tended to contain more words than male texts at the same time as being more emotionally orientated. Articles by female writers also tended to be divided into shorter sentences than articles by male writers.

Bakgrund:

Patienter med höftfraktur blir allt fler i takt med att medelåldern ökar. Det är en stor och resurskrävande patientgrupp. De har under en längre tid varit underprioriterade vilket har resulterat i långa väntetider till operation.

Syfte:

Syftet var att beskriva om det fanns några fördelar att arbeta med höftspår vid höftfrakturer samt att beskriva urvalet av de använda vetenskapliga artiklarna.

Metod:

Deskriptiv litteraturstudie med tretton vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Likheter och olikheter i artiklarnas resultat har kategoriserats och sammanställts till fem olika teman.

Huvudresultat:

Resultatet visade att det fanns fördelar med att arbeta med omhändertagande via höftspår, detta resulterade i kortare väntetid till operation samt färre komplikationer. Dessa patienter som omhändertogs via höftspår hade även en kortare vårdtid. Risken för mortalitet påverkades inte nämnvärt vid höftspår kontra konventionell vård vid höftfraktur.

Slutsats:

I kategorien förkortad tid till operation samt kortare vårdtid kan man se stora positiva skillnader efter införandet av höftspår, i minskade postoperativa komplikationer en viss förbättring. I kategorin minskad risk för dödlighet ses ingen statistisktsignifikant skillnad. Riktlinjerna kring detta höftspår har påverkat omvårdnaden i en positiv riktning. Dessa patienter omhändertas nu med en snabbare och bättre rutin. Det har inte upptäckts några nackdelar med att arbeta med höftspår.

Background: The use of mobile phones has become widespread in the health care system. Studies have been conducted to examine mobile phones pros and cons within the health care system. One of the examined areas is hygiene related to the use of mobile phones. Objective: To describe the extent to which cell phones used by healthcare professionals have been shown to be contaminated, and to describe the types of micro-organisms. To give a description of the scientists ' data collection method. Method: Descriptive literature review, with 17 quantitative articles. Searches were made in Pubmed and Cinahl. The search words were; mobile phone, cell phone, healthcare infection, bacteria, microorganisms, pathogens. The result was presented in categories that are related to the purpose. Results: The results showed that the majority of included mobile phones were contaminated with various types of micro-organisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci was most common, and other bacteria existed in varying degrees. Eight studies reported the presence of resistant bacteria. Two studies showed the presence of the virus, and one study reported Candida contamination of cell phones. The methodology review showed that the samples had gone to in various ways in the included studies, various sampling materials had been used, and that the researchers described the methods different. Conclusions: A large percentage of mobile phones were contaminated with various types of micro-organisms. Mobile phones could be a potential risk of infection in healthcare settings. Disinfection of mobile phones, and thorough hand hygiene associated with phone use, should be seen as the appropriate action. Further research would be needed in the area.

Keywords: mobile phones, healthcare professionals, contamination, micro-organisms, bacteria.

Bakgrund

Förekomsten av fetma har ökat de senaste decennierna. Inom primärvården vårdas patienter med fetma, följdsjukdomarna är många och kostar samhället mycket pengar. Gävleborg har en högre andel personer med fetma än genomsnittet i riket. Sjukvårdspersonalens inställningar gentemot patienter med fetma påverkar hur de bemöter patienterna. Stigmatisering och diskriminering kan göra att patienter med fetma undviker att söka vård och det är viktigt att undersöka sjuksköterskors och distriktsköterskors inställningar så att man vid behov kan sätta in utbildningsinsatser för att ge bättre bemötande och vård.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva och jämföra sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskors inställningar till patienter med fetma som vårdas inom primärvården.

Metoden var en enkätstudie med deskriptiv och komparativ design med kvantitativ ansats. Urvalsgruppen var sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskor inom primärvården i Gävleborg, både inom privata och offentliga sektorn. I studien deltog 15 regionstyrda och 9 privata hälsocentraler. Enkäten som delades ut var webbaserad och skickades ut till 191 sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskor, totalt besvarade 81 enkäten.

Huvudresultatet visade inga signifikanta skillnader mellan sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskor gällande inställningar till patienter med fetma. Signifikanta skillnader sågs mellan mindre yrkesvana och mer yrkesvana sjuksköterskor och distriktssköterskor, de mer yrkesvana har en mer positiv attityd till fetma.

Slutsatsen av detta examensarbete visade att de sjuksköterskor och distriktssjuksköterskor med mer erfarenhet hade en mer positiv inställning gällande patienter med fetma. För att ge vård av högre kvalité till dessa patienter krävs utbildning och medvetenhet om det föreliggande problemet.

Bakgrund:I takt med att konkurrensen på arbetsmarknaden ökat, har även ohälsa och sjukfrånvaron bland medarbetare blivit högre. The Full Range Leadership Model består av ledarskapsstilarna transaktionellt och transformellt ledarskap. Forskning har visat att chefers ledarskapsbeteende har ett samband med medarbetarnas hälsa vilket gör det viktigt att kartlägga betydelsen av olika ledarskapsbeteenden för att bibehålla och öka medarbetarnas hälsa.Arbetsmiljön är en viktig aspekt att ta hänsyn till vid produktionsbortfall eftersom upplevda arbetsmiljöproblem kan påverka medarbetarnas prestation negativt. Sambandet mellan transaktionellt- och transformellt ledarskap och produktionsbortfall på grund av arbetsmiljöproblem är ännu inte kartlagt.

Syfte:Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambandet mellan transaktionellt och transformellt ledarskap och hälsa samt produktionsbortfall på grund av arbetsmiljöproblem. 

Metod:Designen var en tvärsnittsstudie och datainsamlingen skedde via en elektronisk enkät. Totalt besvarade 101 individer enkäten. För att mäta hälsa användes en fråga om allmän hälsa ur SF36. Produktionsbortfall på grund av arbetsmiljöproblem mättes med två frågor. Ledarskapsstil mättes med en modifierad version av Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Initialt gjordes en korrelationsanalys med Pearson produktmomentskoefficent för att se vilka oberoende och bakomliggande variabler som hade ett linjärt samband med hälsa respektive produktionsbortfall på grund av arbetsmiljöproblem.En linjär multipel regressionsanalys användes för att besvara första frågeställningen. 

Resultat:Transformellt ledarskap hade ett samband med hälsa (b= 0,34, p = 0.02)men inte transaktionellt ledarskap. Transformellt ledarskap var den enda variabeln som hade ett linjärt samband med produktionsbortfall på grund av arbetsmiljöproblem. Däremot var den inte statistiskt signifikant när alfanivån sänktes till 0,05. 

Slutsats:Resultatet indikerar på att en ledare bör praktisera ett transformellt ledarskap för att främja medarbetarnas hälsa. 

The increased specialization of human-welfare organizations put higher demands on collaboration. People with substance abuse often have a complex set of problems that requires collaboration. The purpose of our study was to increase knowledge about the meaning and perception of collaboration around clients with addiction problems. We used a qualitative research method, with data based on interviews with four social workers. Themes were identified in the data and then analysed in relation to the social constructionism, system theory and previous research. We found that collaboration depends largely on the individual social worker’s willingness and persistence to lead the case, for the client’s entire needs. Collaboration was mainly perceived as something important and essential. Organizational barriers and shortcomings were mentioned, but aspects such as working culture, approaches, relationships and respect were considered to be of greater importance. The main conclusion in our study was that collaboration is seen as highly relevant and something positive.