Astronomi är ett ämne som både intresserar och skrämmer, dock så finns det en del missuppfattningar om astronomi. För att förstå omvärlden och utvecklingen av den världsbild vi har idag behöver man kunna en del om astronomi. Mitt syfte med detta examensarbete var att öka såväl min som andras kunskap och intresse för astronomi då det är en sådan viktig beståndsdel i hur vår värld ser ut idag, och hur den kommer att se ut i framtiden. Det åstadkom jag genom att använda kvalitativa intervjuer för att ta fram en problemställning och sedan utveckla en lösning på problemet. Då syftet med en kvalitativ undersökning är att få en så bred och noggrann beskrivning som möjligt av det fenomen man vill belysa passade denna metod in för att hjälpa mig göra min diffusa frågeställning mer greppbar. Under mina intervjuer upptäckte jag att barn ofta är intresserade av astronomi då de börjar lära sig om det i grundskolan. Men det har visat sig att lärare och föräldrar har bristande kunskap inom ämnet och lär följaktligen ut fel information om astronomi till framtida generationer. Min problemställning blev då att öka intresse för astronomi till barnfamiljer vid matbordet. Det är vid matbordet hela familjen brukar vara samlad och man kan då tillsammans lära ut rätt kunskap till såväl barn som föräldrar. På så vis skapar man en lärande konversation runt ämnet. Jag använde mig av brainstormingmetoder för att ta framlösningar på problemet. Det resulterade i en matskål där innerskålen har vårat solsystem i sig och planeterna där innuti är skalenliga i förhållande till varandra. På så sätt lär man sig hur planeterna i solsystemet förhåller sig till varandra medan man njuter av sin måltid.

Society awareness of environmental issues has recently increased, which also led to the increase in demand for sustainability reporting. This has in turn resulted in the number of sustainability report becoming more and more recent. Sustainability reports are therefore usually very long and complex as the stakeholder’s needs are wide and large. Since these reports have not previously been integrated with the financial information of the company, this is something that should be done and therefore results in so-called integrated reporting. IR is a way for companies to report their value creation in the short, medium and long term. The purpose of IR is to expand traditional approaches to managing the various capital and business model that affect value creation. Based on this, the purpose on the study has been developed, which is to analyse how companies report value creation by applying the framework The International <IR> Framework.The study has a positivist point of departure and a major qualitative research strategy but with some quantitative elements in which a deductible research effort has been applied. The empirical material of the study has been collected from integrated reports and presented by diagram. The analysis has been carried out by data against previous research. The study's results show that business models affect the company's presentation of the value creation and that the International <IR> Framework is applied more and more when companies report a lot of capital. This result shows that it is in line with previous research and that the content element business model is a useful tool for reporting value creation. Suggestions for further research is to investigate why many companies do not link their business model with value creation though this study shows that the business model is useful tool for reporting value creation. Further, it would also be interesting to conduct a similar study when The International <IR> Framework has established itself and then study whether there are any significant differences.

Energy consumption rises continuously every year. Globally, buildings count for half of electricity consumption and 20%-40% of total energy consumption. Building energy sector consumed 40% of total energy use in Sweden. The vital of reduce energy consumption is to enhance building efficiency. This energy audit work investigates how energy consumes of kindergarten building in Vallbacksgården. Then give out cost effective suggestions to improve energy efficiency for object building. The result shows total amount of energy input of the building is equal to 241.9 MWh. While district heating takes the largest part of energy input that correspond to 188.9 MWh (78%), and cost around 123500 Kr annually. Furthermore, energy 38.0 MWh (16%) is contributed by solar radiation, which becomes second largest source of energy input. Finally, internal heat generation is the smallest contributor of energy input which counts 15.0 MWh (6%). For energy output, majority of heat loss is leaded by transmission losses. It cost 190.4 MWh per year that shares 79% of total energy output. Nature ventilation losses of object building shares 17% of total heat output which is 41.7 MWh. Mechanical ventilation and hot tap water have energy consumption with 7.8 MWh and 2.0 MWh respectively. They take rest 4% of total energy output. According to the finding, several reasonable suggestions will be given. Firstly, for the costless solution, decreasing indoor temperature 1℃ or 2 ℃ is able to reduce heating demand 9.0 MWh or 18.1 MWh annually. It will reduce CO2 emission 131859g- 266070 g, and save 5274 – 10642 SEK per year. Secondly, substitute district heating systems by ground source heat pump is an environmental solution. Using ground source heat pump has priority of environment, which lower CO2 emission 1909200 g/year and save 68262 SEK/year by analyze. Investment for this solution is 979000 SEK and the payback time takes 14.3 year. Replace old windows is a moderate solution of cost. Substitution by using energy glass can reduce 20.9 MWh heating demand and 307377 g CO2 every year. New energy glass windows can cut 13591 SEK for district heating every year. The renovate investment and payback time are more than 159732 SEK and 11.8 year respectively.

Buller är ofta ett problem i samhället på grund av den snabba urbaniseringen. Det är något som måste tas hänsyn till vid ny- och ombyggnation men även generellt i samhället. Det byggs mycket och med en ökande befolkningsmängd och förtätning av stadsregioner blir det mer trafik för varje dag vilket leder till att det blir ett bullrigt samhälle. Vid konstant buller över 45 dBA utvecklas stressfaktorer vilket i längden ger hjärt- och kärlproblem. Bullerberäkningar görs idag av kommunen och Trafikverket med hjälp av Nordiska beräkningsmodellen från 1996. I den här studien undersöks hur buller kan beräknas vid befintlig bullervall. Bullervallen är belägen intill E4:an vid Gävle och på andra sidan bullervallen ligger ett bostadsområde. Enligt de boendes upplevelse har bullret från E4:an ökat sedan färdigställandet av bostadsområdet på 1980-talet.

Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur bullermätningarna kan beräknas i geografiska informationssystem (GIS) utifrån mätningar av trafikbuller vid befintlig bullervall i studieområdet bostadsrättsföreningen Gävle 36 vid E4:an i Gävle.

I den här studien undersöks om interpolation av bullermätningar i GIS får med alla nödvändiga fakta och ger lika säkra resultat som Nordisk beräkningsmodell. Bullermätningar utfördes med en ljudnivåmätning på 34 platser. Datat bearbetades i GIS med olika interpolationsmetoder. Det gjordes även en enkätundersökning bland invånarna i bostadsområdet för att se hur väl datat överenstämmer med invånarnas åsikter.

En jämförelse av bullermätningarna och enkätundersökningen visade att invånarnas upplevelser av bullernivån överensstämde med bullermätningarna. Resultatet visar att bullermätning vid en befintlig bullervall tillsammans med interpolation i GIS är ett verktyg som fungerar väl. Det går att se hur bullret fördelar sig över ett område med hjälp av kartor och diagram och det går att utläsa bullret på en specifik plats. För att säkerhetställa svaret gjordes även undersökning med hjälp av restvärden, uppskattade värden och spridningsvvikelser från interpolationerna.

Rekommendationen utifrån denna studie är att använda interpolationsmetoden kriging vid bullerberäkning.Av de undersökta metoderna var spridningsavvikelsen minst på kriging och har bland det lägsta i restvärdet. Något som studien dessutom visar är att vindens riktning har stor betydelse för hur mycket det bullrar i ett området, vilket inte Nordisk beräkningsmodell tar i beaktning vid bullerberäkning.

Urbanisation around the world is increasing as more and more people move into cities. This trend is magnified by increasing demands requirements for people living in cities. Sustainable development consists of three dimensions: the economic, the ecological, and the social (WCED, 1987). Social sustainability is about social equity and includes the concepts of social capital and social cohesion. In this thesis, urban gardening is investigated as a tool for increasing social sustainability in cities. The case study focusses on different urban gardening projects that used pallet boxes in Gävle. A combination of different methods was used: interviews, surveys, and observation analysis. The results from all the methods shows that urban gardening is a good way to create new contacts and integrate different people. The results also show however that it is difficult to demonstrate positive environmental effects and if the results of gardening can contribute to an increased sense of pride and sense of place. Another effect of urban gardening is the ecological dimension, a large proportion the partipicants said that their main motivation was to grow poison-free, raw product and to contribute to biodiversity in the urban environment. The results also show that the most common negative aspect of urban cultivation are theft and vandalization. Urban gardening seems to be an effective tool for improving social sustainability in cities.

Performing controls of different types of objects in the construction phase of buildings are of great importance to avoid unnecessary costs and delays. Concrete floors are one type of object that has defined tolerances regarding levelness and flatness. In Sweden, the tolerance for levelness and flatness can be found in the national guideline AMA-Hus. Flatness is controlled within two different diameters of 0.25 m and 2 m respectively, in this study referred to as local and global flatness.The aim of this study was to identify the optimal method to control levelness and flatness of a horizontal surface and to determine the effect from the angle of incidence using reflectorless measurements. Grid scanning with different point density performed with a multi station and laser scans from multi station and laser scanner were used to collect the data. Before measurements artificial elevated curvatures where placed on the concrete floor. Data from the measurements where interpolated in Surfer software, and height maps were created. The interpolation method used was Kriging. Software containing an algorithm for objective flatness detection was developed in cooperation with a civil engineer in computer science.Analysis of the grid scanning data revealed that point density over 12.5 cm is not sufficient to detect significant elevation differences when controlling flatness. Grid scanning at 12.5 cm or thicker also cannot be deemed optimal since the time required to perform the measurements are disproportionately long. Laser scanning using the multi station proved, in the conditions of this study, to be the optimal method for levelness and flatness control in respect to time consumption.Steeper angle of incidence from measurements further from the instrument showed no systematical deviations of the measurements in this study. However, the increased point density found close to the instrument caused something that could be considered as noise in the point cloud as well as increased time consumption.

In recent years a Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS)-network of more than 50 reference stations (with more on the way) have been set up extending over the whole southern African country of Botswana. This has opened up for new and improved possibilities of implementing the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technique in surveying practice. Cadastral surveying, the demarcation and registration of plots in a land registry, in Botswana is characterised by non-uniform methods with the lack of standardised documents. Authorities in Botswana already include the GNSS technique in the cadastre process but guidelines remain to be formulated. This research aims to establish a suggestion to new guidelines for GNSS measurements in cadastral surveying in Botswana by adapting international guidelines to Botswana use. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with personnel at different surveying institutions in Botswana together with a literature study of three existing international guidelines and scientific articles concerning GNSS and cadastral surveying. The international guidelines of choice were from Sweden, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK). During the process a thorough review of challenges and potentials of introducing new guidelines were.

The results show that the surveying community in Botswana is facing several challenges at the moment. The challenges was categorised within three groups. The first group named ‘challenges related to the lack of standards’ contains challenges such as the lack of unity throughout the sector and the fact that it is difficult to refer to what is right and wrong. The second group, ‘technological challenges’, contains challenges such as infrastructural faults and the shortage of modern instruments. The last group of challenges ‘institutional challenges’ describes problems associated to inadequate cooperation and resistance towards change.

There are also several potentials to talk about that Botswana would be able take part of if guidelines were introduced. Among them were improved educational systems and consistency within the sector.

Föremålet för denna uppsats är det fornsvenska verket Tungulus, sådant det föreligger i hand­skriften Cod. Holm. D 4a, daterad till 1457. Dess troliga tillkomstplats är Strängnäs.

Vid tiden för denna handskrifts tillblivelse var det fornsvenska fyrkasussystemet i upplös­ning. Uppsatsen beskriver i vilken grad och hur kasussystemet används i Tungulus och jämför resul­tatet med vad forskningen säger om systemets status vid 1400-talets mitt.

Analysen visar att texten bär tydligt vittnesbörd om bortfallsprocessen – att skrivaren var en del av den språkgemenskap som var på väg att lämna kasusbruket. Dock finns en viss konser­va­tiv tendens; delar av kasussystemet är alltjämt i bruk, om än vacklande, och enstaka exempel kan uppfat­tas som arkaiserande. Det vacklande bruket omfat­tar bl.a. maskulina nomina­tiv­än­delsen -er (eeldher, swarter), bestämda feminina ackusa­tiv­ändelsen -a (siälinä) och adjektivens ackusativ­än­del­se -an (diupan). Utjäm­ningen mellan nominativ och ackusativ är långt fram­skriden men inte undan­tags­lös; här finns flera exempel på former som inte skulle komma att överleva kasusbortfallet.

This essay investigates how students studying at upper secondary level perceive the use of text and video as teaching aids as part of their English studies. Students that came from both vocational and preparatory programs completed an online survey and seven of them subsequently took part in interviews.

Both the survey and the interviews show that a large majority of students would like much more video based teaching material as part of their English courses - some would even prefer all the course material to be video based. The results also show that even though the students want more video, opinion is divided when it comes to how much, and in what way video is best used or incorporated into English teaching. Many of the students that asked for more video said that they found it difficult to read and to understand longer texts, furthermore they found texts to be boring. They pointed out that video was more interesting and motivating. Video was generally seen as being the preferred choice when it came to authentic language, help with pronunciation and access to the culture of different English speaking countries. Text, on the other hand, was seen to provide a much richer and more detailed information which was especially helpful when it came to spelling and grammar. It was also clear that the preference for video was greater among the students from the vocational classes. There was also a general agreement that, although video is used as a teaching aid, it is more usually used by their teachers as a time filler or reward. Finally, even if learning English continues to be based on text and course books, there is a broad consensus among the students that more video should be used, as it is seen as a valuable and an effective complement to traditional text based material.

The English language plays an important role as a lingua franca in Sweden as well as in many countries across the European Union (EU). The ability to communicate well in English is highly valued and as a response to this, communicative competence has had an increasingly major part in the English language education and curriculums all over Europe, including the Swedish curriculum for English language education. (Rindal & Piercy, 2013; Swedish National Agency for Education, 1995; Tornberg, 2015). With communication as a primary goal of the Swedish curriculum for English, the importance of acquiring an inner-circle accent, an accent spoken by native speakers of English, has had to take a step back, without thoroughly studying the effect it has on the communicative competence and speaking confidence of the students.

The aim of this study is to investigate, with an empirical approach, if student’s self-perceived English accent impacts positively or negatively on their speaking confidence and communicative competence. The study was conducted using an empirical and descriptive approach, with a quantitative data analysis. The investigation was conducted in an upper-secondary school, using a web-based survey with 80 respondents from the second and third grade. The students took English 6, a course the students must pass to be eligible for further academic studies. The school and the respondents were chosen using a convenience sample.

The results were analysed, and the data was shown using figures to explain the results further. The results of the study concluded that students seem to think that having a native-like accent is overvalued and that communication is to favour over their perceived English accent. It is somewhat conclusive that most of the students value communication over perceived accent, and many of them say that they do not care how they sound as long as what they say is conveyed.

The publics attitudes towards abortion have been of great interest since the womens liberation movement began in the late 1960s (Hess & Rueb ,2015). Several studeis have shown that religious affliation has a special influence towards abortion. Controversy over the legal status of abortion has been an importnat feature of poltics over the world. This study has administrated a 17-item abortion attitude survey, to determine potential factors correlated with abortion. several factors such as religiosity, ones definition as to when life begins have been the measurments of abortion attitudes. The main purpose of the survey was to investigate the attitude of religious and non-religious Ethiopian immigrants towards abortion. The svrvey was conducted through questionnaries. The total participants were 40 men and women. The respondents for this survey were chosen from the Ethiopian community in stockholm. The result of the study has shown firstly, there was no attitude difference between women and men towrds abortion. Secondly, the result has shown that most of religious people were against the practice of abortion and finally, the survey has revealed that there was no significant interaction between gender and belief.  

The successful energy design of buildings requires that special attention be paid to the conceptual stage. However, it is a difficult task to find the most promising design alternatives satisfying several conflicting criteria. This thesis presents a simple multi-criteria decisions analysis method that could assist designers in green building design. Variables in the model include those alternatives that are common options when a residential building is to be constructed. The individual components that are considered are the building envelope, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, service water heating, power and lighting. The key actors, objectives and methodology of multi-criteria decisions analysis are presented and finally a case study for a residential building in Athens is performed. The criteria by which to evaluate each building component of the newly built construction were identified by the decision-makers. Subsequently, decision frameworks for the selection of roof, walls, windows, heating system, energy source for heating system, power source, lighting and service water heating system were built. The method is followed step-by-step to conclude on the optimal building components based on their score. Due to the equal scoring of the windows and an inapplicable combination of electric underfloor heating with air-to-water heat pump, the method is characterized by low accuracy. The fact that the building components have been treated individually sets the method as a basic one and indicates that a more complex one should be preferred when more trustworthy results are needed.

The nuclear power plant of Forsmark is a complex industry bound to follow strict regulations concerning safety and the environment. Work on the reactors of the power plant demand these regulations to be followed, not the least for the workers own sake. It is especially the radiation which is wanted to be avoided utmost. During maintenance of the reactors when the reactor lids are removed the sealing grooves are inspected and cleaned. As of today, this is a time consuming job done manually and is eventually something needing automation. This thesis work will take the first step by a concept study of a remote-controlled grinding machine.

As a basis for this work lies a literature review within the subject of grinding. Observations have been made on location to identify the present situation. Parts of the environment have been virtually drawn up from blueprints to allow a more detailed overview. By utilizing tools for product development the fundamental function of the grinding machine has been identified. A possible solution has emerged fulfilling the established requirements and requests.

The result shows the approximate dimensions and form of the grinding machine, different components required for the operation of the grinding machine and also proposals for how the grinding machine would run. The conclusion is that the grinding machine has been developed with priority towards the most vital functions and is fully possible to further develop into a working prototype.

Problem - The challenge investigated in this present study is for a project-based organization to create a well-planned implementation by knowing the current state of the organization and its readiness for a change. This while also taking the time for unexpected events and communicating the issue while also taking their organizational structure into consideration.

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the readiness to change for the case company with focus on three aspects of readiness: information sharing, common views and implementation approach, while also taking into account the distinct features of a PBO-structured organization. The study aims to identify supporting factors for successfully managing an implementation of a new business system at the individual level.

Method - This study is a case study based on a single case company: Sweco, which is a Swedish technical consulting firm that is about to change their business system. A literature review was conducted in order to collect previously conducted research within the research area. The primary methods used for data collection in this study have been semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire, the data was mainly analyzed though thematic analysis.

Results – The readiness for change for the case company is affected by their organizational structure. The results of the questionnaire show that collaboration within Sweco works relatively well, but there are some aspects that can be improved, such as communication and information sharing. The results of the conducted interviews show that most employees at the case company perceive the change of business system to be good, but they were unsure about why it would be carried through. Guides on how the change would affect the specific individual and knowing where to turn for feedback and information was pointed out as a suggested improvement by the employees. A lot of responsibility of implementing the new system was put on the unit managers.

Conclusions - The study strengthens the existing theory regarding change readiness and individual supporting factors for successful change implementation. It confirms some of the strengths and drawbacks for organizations working with projects. The study also concludes how the case-company and other companies in a similar situation can utilize some advantages of being familiar with working in projects.

I denna uppsats undersöks tre svenska partiers webbplatser, specifikt startsidorna samt webbsidor som gäller temat integration. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka vilka deltagare och vilka typer av processer som synliggörs på integrationswebbsidorna samt även hur modus och modalitet framträder. Vidare avser undersökningen att analysera användandet av avbildningar samt andra semiotiska resurser på partiernas respektive startsida. Vad kan man se i en text eller i bild? Kan man som avsändare framställa sig på ett visst sätt vid textelement respektive bildelement? Med hjälp av verktyg från systemisk-funktionell grammatik undersöker jag textelementen och bildelementen undersöks med verktyg från visuell textanalys.

Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det finns vissa likheter och skillnader mellan partiernas startsidor respektive integrationswebbsidor. Skillnaderna är dels vad varje parti framför av sina politiska åsikter i skrift, dels att användandet av avbildningar och andra semiotiska resurser skiljer sig.

In the Convention of the right of the Child (CRC) it is stated that all children should be protected from all kinds of violence. However war, social conflicts and climatic catastrophes have placed immigrant children at risk to object for violence. The purpose of this paper is to study how Sweden politically advice actors within the educational field to approach newly arrived pupils in education by placing it in relation to research about violence. What is particularly payed attention to in the policy document is need to oppose the following risks: b)being in risk of exclusion, c) facing perceptions of assimilation, and f) a lack of clear responsibilities amongst the actors assisting the immigrant children. A fuzziness of responsibilities is at time created with concepts such as “the school should”.

Education for the Other is the most dominant strategy emphasizing that the newly arrived child’s needs in education should be recognized as well as the importance to distribute what is lacking to promote the pupil’s development. The advices do not say anything about the content of knowledge required amongst various actors in order to do analysis of processes.

The purpose of this study has been to examine what attitudes young adults have on drugs by problematizing what influence education might have on potential drug use. Furthermore, the study wants to scrutinize how primary schools use Alcohol, Narcotics. Doping, Tobacco teaching (ANDT).

The method used for acquiring empirical data constituted of two focus groups with a total of ten young adults and a survey with twelve primary school principals. The conversations from the focus groups were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically which resulted in four different themes.

The results demonstrate that the respondents have shaped their attitudes on drugs through their parents during their upbringing. Furthermore, the results display how attitudes on drugs might be influenced by peer pressure. However, teaching in school did not show any correlation to the respondents’ attitudes.

The conclusion of the study is that knowledge about drugs in general might result in a better understanding about the consequences, for instance how drug use damages the body and might create an addiction. The study shows that the attitudes among young adults are shaped under influence of several factors and arenas, but that further research on the topic is still needed for the public health.

Denna studie har en fenomenologisk ansats och syftar till att undersöka och beskriva arbetsmarknaden för auktoriserade dramapedagoger i Sverige. Studien har genomförts genom triangulering med tre insamlingsmetoder: en kvantitativ web-baserad enkätundersökning där 113 RAD-medlemmar svarat, en kvalitativ mailintervju av utbildare på två dramapedagogutbildningar och ett kvalitativt fokussamtal med fem dramapedagoger. Materialet har analyserats fenomenologiskt med inspiration från främst Giorgis analysmetod. Resultatet visar att kommunala kulturskolan är den största enskilda arbetsgivaren för dramapedagoger och att dramapedagoger utanför kulturskolan finns anställda i många områden, dock inte alltid med titeln dramapedagog. Studien visar även att få dramapedagogtjänster utannonseras och att den vanligaste vägen till en dramapedagogtjänst går via kontakter/nätverk eller att omforma en befintlig tjänst alternativt frilansa/starta eget. Studien visar att trots svårigheter att hitta en heltidsanställning som dramapedagog upplever dramapedagoger en stor efterfrågan på och ett stort behov utav sin kompetens.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att beskriva och förklara läsbarheten i lättlästa nyhetsartiklar från 8 Sidor och Sesam, samt att bedöma hur språket fungerar i denna nyhetskontext utifrån ett andraspråksperspektiv. En textanalys gjordes enligt Hellspong & Ledins textmodell (1997). De fem komponenterna i textmodellen sammanställdes. Dessa komponenter var: de kontextuella- de textuella- de ideationella- och de interpersonella stildragen samt framställningssättet. Stilen förklarades utifrån texternas förutsättningar och syfte samt värderades i en syntes. En slutsats som kan dras är att texternas innehåll kan bli vaga och läsbarheten försvåras genom minskat sammanhang då stilen är avskalad, enkel och lätt samt att lättlästa nyhetstexter ingår i en kontext som både deltar och påverkas av sociala förändringar.

The aim of this thesis was to design a methodology for the efficiency and design of an assembling area. This methodology will be applied and then evaluated at Eco Log Sweden AB, a company that manufactures forestry machinery. As today's global market places higher demands on companies to make them competitive, therefore solutions are needed in terms of efficient production. Effective production has a significant impact on the performance and efficiency of a manufacturing organization, which also affects the organization's success. A known method is systematic layout planning, which is an approach for solving problems with inventory designs. It is important to take all aspects into account when designing an efficient layout and associated production flow.

With the aid of literature studies, interviews and observations the purpose has been answered where a methodology has been worked out through relevant theory regarding the efficiency and design of an assembling area. The methodology contains three main areas that will have the main purpose of making the assembly area more efficient. Within these main areas, ten influencing factors have been developed to take into account the different requirements and conditions that each main area includes.

The methodology was then applied to Eco Log Sweden AB where a zero-state analysis was first performed to identify problems and find improvement proposals in form of alternative layouts. There are three different alternative proposals and one of them is recommended because it’s considered to be able to streamline Eco Log Sweden AB assembly area in the best possible way. The company may choose the one that they consider most useful. To be able to implement the improvement proposals developed during the study a number of investments are required, which are stated in a simpler investment estimate.

For further studies, it is recommended that the methodology be evaluated on more case companies to increase reliability, validity and generalizability. The main areas can be developed to take more aspects into account.

Three main areas were identified that affect the efficiency and design of an assembly area. These are storage, transport and assembly.

Backround: An acquired brain injury is an injury on or in the brain tissue leading to impacts or drop outs on earlier mental, physical and social skills. An injury to the brain tissue occurs mainly through bleedings, trauma, ischemia, or alcohol and drug abuse. When a person suffer from an aquired brain injury, the persons closely associated gets highly emotional involved. The nurse's responsibility to provide support and be there for the brain-damaged person and its affiliates.

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the experiences of people with acquired brain injury and what inclusion and exclusion criteria the chosen articles used.

Method: The literature review has used research articled with qualitative and quantitative approach. There are also articles with a combination out of both approaches. The data collection has been made through the nursing database CINAHL.

Main Results: An acquired brain injury affects a person from a mental, social and emotional perspective. Cognitive and social difficulties are described affecting everyday life and the social interactions that may occur. By being met with relevant and good strategies to use in everyday life, the people describe that the recovery process was faciliated. They also describe prejudices and negative responses from the public, with a stigmatized approach related to the acquired brain injury.

Conclusion: People with acquired brain injury describe their experiences as a cognitive problems affecting daily life through a subjective approach and in the interaction with the public and health professionals. Increased understanding of people with acquired brain injury can advantageously provide medical personnel prerequisites to pursue nursing in an optimal approach.

The aim of this thesis is to automate the depowdering step in binder-jet additive manufacturing using KUKA kr6 robot.

The major tasks involved in this thesis work are commissioning of the KUKA kr6 robot, plan the actions required for automation process of binder jet considering the scaling factor of green bodies. For this purpose KUKA robot with a standard KUKA compact controller (KRC4) and KUKA system software 8.3 (KSS) has been used. In Peter Corke Matlab toolbox (Matlab toolbox), KUKA kr6 robot model has been simulated to understand forward kinematics problem which shows the study the motion of end effector of robot in space for picking process. These transformations between the Joint coordinate systems and Cartesian coordinate systems give the forward and inverse kinematics.

Firstly, a KUKA kr6 robot has been programmed in a KUKA Robot Language (KRL) using an algebraic approach with geometric operator to automate the picking process of green bodies. These are fragile bodies thereby many number of tests have been conducted to improve the program. Also additional effort has been placed to test the customized gripper used for the layered pick and place of the components, customized vacuum cleaner for the vacuum cleaning in between the layers and to consider the scaling factor during the sintering step of the binder jet.

Finally, KUKA kr6 robot model has been simulated in Matlab toolbox. The picking point in the space has been simulated to study the forward kinematics and to understand how the robot reaches a position and orientation in space. Cartesian trajectory has been simulated. Also, the Jacobian matrix, its rank and determinant are studied to understand the singularities in KUKA kr6 robot, basing on which the thesis work can be continued and enhanced further.

In this Thesis Project, the creation of a Low Energy building was examined in order to investigate how complex was to select the suitable parameters and systems of the dwelling, aiming to achieve the lowest possible energy consumption in one year period. All the technologies implemented into the system intended to be as energy efficient and profitable as possible. Another objective of this study was also to present the potential of the system to produce a part of the consumed energy, through renewable energy sources, approaching by this way also the standards of a Zero Energy Building. Firstly, the floor plan of the 150 m² detached house, was drawn in the designing program AutoCAD. In continuation, this 2D floor plan was imported into the simulation program as well as all the initial input data so as for the Base model of the building to be created For the analysis of the building, the Simulation Program IDA ICE 4.7 was used. Gradually, alternations and adjustments were made into the Base model. Different models were created planning to analyze their results and conclude to the proper solution. All the simulations run for one year time period in order to present the total energy usage, system’s losses and demands in each case. In addition, as for the current study, the location of the construction was Athens, all building’s characteristics were chosen to comply with the Greek Regulation for Low Energy Buildings. Finally, through the procedure followed after having accomplished a series of simulations, the final annually energy demands managed to be within the required limits.