Waste is generated, processes and disposed of by all actors in the chain from producers (in-dustries) via consumers to waste companies. The interactions between all these actors deter-mine the environmental consequences and the costs. We have studied the middle part, i.e. households and organizations in their roles as consumers. We have focused on attitudes, knowledge and behaviour.

The work has largely been performed by bachelor and master students of business administra-tion as their final thesis. Most studies are based on interviews or mail questionnaires. How-ever, two studies are theoretical focussing social marketing.

We report and analyze the results of the studies conducted during the last two semesters. This is our second report from our project. More studies and a doctoral project is under way.

Concern over the fate of the world's forest cover has caused much activity in different camps. How make use of this tremendous, sustainable resource without spoiling it?

Since government ownership and national regulations in many areas have proven inadequate other measures are sought and tried. Certification of forestry is one tool being tested and developed. What can we learn from the certification schemes being currently tried in Europe and North America?

Basic institutions such as private ownership may be worth more attention. About 12 % of the world's forests are owned by non-industrial private owners. What can we learn from their management over long time?

Achieving responsible forest management in countries today loosing forests is no quick fix. Institutional changes are probably warranted. Increased ownership by private individuals or by local communities may be one factor to consider. Information, education and advice may be others. Forest certification may also be a tool to use.

Certification of forestry is a tool that may influence the image of forestry in the eyes of the consumers. Several certification schemes have been developed.

The organization of family forest owners in Europe turned away from FSC, (the Forest Stewardship Council) and instead established the PEFC, the Pan-European Forest Certification to better accommodate the ownership pattern with many small holdings.

So far certification has not, in a global perspective, managed to penetrate those parts of the world where abusive forest practices are most common and where vast forest areas are lost every year.

Some problems in connection with certification are identified, e.g. increasing complexity of rules and the governance of the systems.

To judge the potential for forest certification the attitudes of consumers to forestry and certification is discussed. Different scenarios of the role of certification are identified. The use of labelling as an extension of certification is mentioned.

In the third world certification of forestry may play different roles as compared to in Europe or North America.

Internal rents have found wide-spread use lately in the administration of public buildings. In this empirical study problems connected with internal rents are discussed based on a number of cases in municipalities, counties and other public organizations. The risk for suboptimization, often caused by too high rents in times of abundant space, is pointed out.

Rents strictly based on costs according to traditional accounting principles tend to lead to over-pricing causing the users to leave space vacant, without external demand for space.

Internal rents should be not be seen as tools to recover capital costs, but as tools for more effective use of space. Rents should be adapted to type of building, market situation and the internal organization.

The report contains a preliminary checklist for the manager to follow. Also, questions for further studies are discussed.