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The significance of switch in convergence direction in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran: insights from scaled analogue modelling
Department of Earth Sciences, Kerman Graduate University of Technology, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Land management, GIS.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1744-7004
2017 (English)In: Interpretation, ISSN 2324-8858, E-ISSN 2324-8866, Vol. 5, no 1, p. SD81-SD98Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The switch in direction of convergence between Central Iran and the Eurasian plate is believed to have a significant impact on the structural style in the Alborz Mountains, in north of Iran. To understand the deformation pattern and investigate the influence of the South Caspian Basin (SCB) kinematics since the middle Miocene on the structural styles and active tectonics of the Alborz Mountains, a series of scaled analogue models were prepared, where passively layered loose sand simulating the sedimentary units were subjected to orthogonal and subsequently oblique shortening by a rigid indenter. Model results show that during the shortening an arcuate-shape foreland-vergent imbricate stack forms in front of the indenter. The orthogonal shortening is characterized by a prevailing right-lateral and left-lateral oblique-slip motion in the east and west of the model, respectively. This shift in kinematics contradicts the proposed pre-neotectonic (orthogonal) model of the Alborz. However, during oblique shortening, model results show that deformation is mainly accommodated by left-lateral transpression within the sand wedge and by its internal deformation. Oblique shortening is consistently accommodated by continued left-lateral motion on the WNW-trending oblique thrusts, whereas the east-west trending thrusts and the pre-existing ENE-trending right-lateral oblique thrusts reactivate as left-lateral oblique faults. Precise monitoring of the model surface also illustrates partitioning of shortening into the foreland-vergent left-lateral thrusting in the south and hinterland-vergent back thrusting in the north. These model results are generally consistent with field observations and GPS data of structure and kinematics of the Alborz Mountains.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2017. Vol. 5, no 1, p. SD81-SD98
Keywords [en]
Crustal deformation, Tectonics, Alborz Mountains, Iran, Analogue modeling
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23006DOI: 10.1190/INT-2016-0117.1ISI: 000397196600030Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85012922361OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-23006DiVA, id: diva2:1055065
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilSwedish InstituteAvailable from: 2016-12-10 Created: 2016-12-10 Last updated: 2021-06-03Bibliographically approved

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Nilfouroushan, Faramarz

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