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Investigating techno-economic effects and environmental impacts of energy renovation of residential building clusters on a district heating system
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5574-8372
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology. Linköpings universitet.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3472-4210
2021 (English)In: Energy and Buildings, ISSN 0378-7788, E-ISSN 1872-6178, Vol. 251, article id 111327Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Studying energy renovation of older residential building stocks together with the surrounding district heating (DH) system is essential to fully understand implications from a reduced district heat demand and for involved actors. This study reveals the benefit of integrating the simulation and optimization tools OPERA-MILP, IDA ICE, and MODEST to investigate thoroughly the effect of energy renovation strategies on heat load supply, building and DH system-based life cycle costs (LCCs), primary energy use, and total of direct and indirect CO2 emissions. Energy renovation considered different cluster combinations of slab and tower blocks of a stock of 343 apartment buildings in two Swedish municipalities and strategies for lowest LCC and code compliance. Applied tools were thoroughly validated and verified including heat demand and load duration curves and numerical accuracy. Results with all aggregated clusters and renovation strategy for code compliance showed a reduced combined heat and power production with 35.7 GWh/a (heat) and 6.5 GWh/a (electricity), deceased primary energy use with 36.2 GWh/a and reduction of marginal CO2 emissions with 8.4 kton/a mainly from released biofuels substituting for fossil fuels in power plants, increased CO2 emissions of 0.5 kton/a with electricity production mix, and financial deficit for building owners, energy companies, and industries of respective 44, 33.9, and 2.2 M€/50a.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier , 2021. Vol. 251, article id 111327
Keywords [en]
Building energy simulation, Building LCC optimization, Cluster energy renovation, Cogeneration, District heating, Energy system optimization, Residential buildings, Validation and verification
National Category
Energy Systems Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36931DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111327ISI: 000703182600007Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85113347148OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-36931DiVA, id: diva2:1586645
Available from: 2021-08-20 Created: 2021-08-20 Last updated: 2023-04-03Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Energy System Collaboration as a Vital Measure to Improve District Heating Performance
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Energy System Collaboration as a Vital Measure to Improve District Heating Performance
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

With joint commitments by twenty-seven countries under the Paris Agreement, the European Union envisioned a resource-efficient and competitive economy without net emission of greenhouse gases by 2050. Immediate and massive efforts across sectors of energy, industry, and buildings will be required, and district heating (DH), through its ability to integrate efficiency measures on the supply and demand side, can play a central role. The aim of this thesis is to investigate techno-economic effects and environmental impacts of different energy system collaborations (ESCOs) with efficiency measures and their ability to improve DH performance. ESCOs studied in Sweden involve various actors and utilize more industrial excess heat (IEH) or new combined heat and power (CHP) plants and provide energy renovation of multi-story apartment building clusters. Results show benefits from lower use of fuels and electricity when utilizing new supplied IEH in a DH system. Systems integration and new CHP plant in another ESCO study show advantages in cogeneration of electricity (29 GWh/a) and industry fuel supply. A new combined-cycle CHP plant in yet another study with systems integration shows benefits with increased electricity production (650 GWh/a), but is also highly dependent on considered investment risk and energy prices. Findings from cluster energy renovation show reduced primary energy use (36.2 GWh/a) and carbon dioxide emissions (8.4 kton CO2/a) mainly from biofuels substituting for fossil fuels in power plants but also decreased CHP production (35.7 GWh/a heat; 6.5 GWh/a electricity) and financial deficit for building owners, energy companies, and industries (44, 33.9, and 2.2 M€/50a respectively). This work proposes methods and approaches (e.g., optimization, simulation, metamodeling) that have the ability to investigate implications from ESCOs with efficiency measures and to quantify changes in system cost, energy resource use, and CO2 emissions.

 

Abstract [sv]

Den Europeiska Unionen eftersträvar i enlighet med Parisavtalet att bli en resurseffektiv och konkurrenskraftig ekonomi utan nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till 2050. Omedelbara och massiva insatser kommer att krävas inom sektorerna energi, industri och byggnader. Fjärrvärme med möjlighet att integrera effektiviseringsåtgärder på tillförsel- och efterfrågesidan kan spela en central roll. Syftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka tekniska och ekonomiska effekter, samt miljöpåverkan av energisystemsamverkan (ESCOs) med effektiviseringsåtgärder och dessas möjlighet att förbättra fjärrvärmeprestanda. ESCOs studier i Sverige involverar olika samverkande aktörer och utnyttjar industriell överskottsvärme och nya kraftvärmeverk och de energirenoverar även kluster av flervåningshus. Resultaten visar fördelar med minskad användning av bränsle och elektricitet genom nytillförd industriell överskottsvärme i fjärrvärmesystem. Systemintegration och ett nytt kraftvärmeverk i en annan ESCO-studie visar fördelar med ökad elproduktion (29 GWh/år) och bränsleförsörjning från industrier. Ett nytt kombikraftvärmeverk i en annan studie med systemintegration visar fördelar med ökad elproduktion (650 GWh/år), men även ett starkt beroende av övervägd investeringsrisk samt ändrade energipriser. Resultaten från energirenoveringar av byggnadskluster visar minskad primärenergianvändning (36,2 GWh/år) och koldioxidutsläpp (8,4 kton/år) främst från biobränslen som ersätter fossila bränslen i kraftverk, men även en reducerad kraftvärmeproduktion (35,7 GWh/år värme; 6,5 GWh/år el) och ett ekonomiskt underskott för fastighetsägare, energiföretag och industrier (44, 33,9 respektive 2,2 M€/50 år). Denna avhandling föreslår metoder och tillvägagångssätt såsom optimering, simulering och metamodellering för att undersöka implikationer från ESCOs med effektiviseringsåtgärder, samt kvantifierade förändringar av systemkostnader, energiresursanvändning och koldioxidemissioner.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2023. p. 112
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 35
Keywords
Energy system collaboration, District heating, Industrial excess heat, Combined heat and power, Energy system optimization, Metamodeling, Building LCC optimization, Building energy simulation, Cluster energy renovation, Energisystemsamverkan, Fjärrvärme, Industriell överskottsvärme, Kraftvärme, Energisystemoptimering, Metamodellering, Byggnads-LCC-optimering, Byggnadsenergisimulering, Klusterenergirenovering
National Category
Energy Systems Energy Engineering
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-41214 (URN)978-91-89593-04-6 (ISBN)978-91-89593-05-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-12, 12:108 Lilla Jadwigasalen, Högskolan i Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-05-22 Created: 2023-04-03 Last updated: 2023-05-22

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Weinberger, GottfriedAmiri, ShahnazMoshfegh, Bahram

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