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Managers in the context of small business growth: a qualitative study of working conditions and wellbeing
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6897-1194
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Education and Sociology, Linköping University.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9722-178X
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0161-160x
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work, Criminology and Public Health Sciences, Public Health Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4415-7942
2024 (English)In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 24, article id 2075Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose

In view of the importance of managers’ wellbeing for their leadership behaviour, employee health, and business effectiveness and survival, a better understanding of managers’ wellbeing and working conditions is important for creating healthy and sustainable businesses. Previous research has mostly provided a static picture of managers’ wellbeing and work in the context of small businesses, missing the variability and dynamism that is characteristic of this context. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how managers in small companies perceive their working conditions and wellbeing in the context of business growth.

Methods

The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with 20 managers from twelve small companies. Content and thematic analysis were applied.

Results

The findings indicate that a manager’s working environment evolves from its initial stages and through the company’s growth, leading to variations over time in the manager’s experiences of wellbeing and work–life balance as well as changes in job demands and resources. Managers’ working situation becomes less demanding and more manageable when workloads and working hours are reduced and a better work–life balance is achieved. The perceived improvement is related to changes in organizational factors (e.g. company resources), but also to individual factors (e.g. managers’ increased awareness of the importance of a sustainable work situation). However, there were differences in how the working conditions and wellbeing changed over time and how organizational and individual resources affected the studied managers’ wellbeing.

Conclusions

This study shows that, in the context of small business, managers’ working conditions and wellbeing are dynamic and are linked to growth-related changes that occur from the start of organizational activities and during periods of growth. In addition, the findings suggest that changes in managers’ working conditions and wellbeing follow different trajectories over time because of the interaction between organizational and personal factors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer , 2024. Vol. 24, article id 2075
Keywords [en]
small businesses, business growth, managers, wellbeing, psychosocial working conditions, job demands, job resources
National Category
Business Administration Health Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-43688DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19578-4ISI: 001293338700006PubMedID: 39085841Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85200158050OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-43688DiVA, id: diva2:1832432
Available from: 2024-01-29 Created: 2024-01-29 Last updated: 2024-08-30Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Managers’ Work, Working Conditions and Wellbeing in Small Companies with Profitable Growth
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Managers’ Work, Working Conditions and Wellbeing in Small Companies with Profitable Growth
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background Managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing are important determinants of occupational health in organizations. Nevertheless, little research has investigated these factors in the context of small growing businesses, which are known to contribute to employment, economic growth and social stability. The aim of this thesis was to explore managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing in the context of small businesses with profitable growth. 

Methods Study I used a cross-sectional design to assess patterns in managerial work activities and leadership behaviours. Studies II–IV used qualitative interviews with managers (II–IV) and employees (II) to explore the effects of managers’ wellbeing on their leadership (II), their working conditions (III), and changes in their working conditions and wellbeing in the context of growing small businesses (IV).

Results Managers worked long hours, posing risks for occupational health, but also adopted work practices that bolster occupational health. Firm size matters for managerial work. Managers’ wellbeing reflected in their mood and energy levels and influenced their leadership behaviours and performance, and the company’s work environment. Managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when they felt unwell. Certain factors mitigated the consequences of their negative behaviours in the organization. Five types of managers’ demands and resources (daily managerial work; achievement of results; and social; organizational; and individual factors) were identified, where the specificity of the small business context revealed unique characteristics. Company growth changed managers’ experiences of working conditions and wellbeing.

Conclusions The specific context of small growing businesses shaped managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing and the interplay between them. Dynamism in the organizational context due to growth had implications for managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing.

Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund Chefers arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande är viktiga faktorer som påverkar arbetshälsan inom organisationer. Trots detta finns det begränsad forskning om dessa faktorer hos små växande företag. Denna kontext är viktig eftersom dessa företag bidrar till sysselsättning, ekonomisk tillväxt och social stabilitet. Syftet med denna avhandling var att utforska chefers arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande i kontexten av små företag med lönsam tillväxt.

Metod Studie I var en tvärsnittsundersökning för att utforska mönster i chefsarbete och ledarbeteende. Studie II–IV hade en kvalitativ design och baserades på semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer (II–IV) och anställda (II) för att undersöka konsekvenserna av chefers välbefinnande för ledarskap (II), chefernas arbetsvillkor (III) och förändringar i chefers arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande i växande små företag (IV).

Resultat Chefer arbetar långa timmar, vilket innebär risker för arbetshälsa, men de använder också arbetsmetoder som främjar arbetshälsa. Företagsstorlek spelar roll för chefsarbetet. Chefers välbefinnande återspeglades i deras humör och energinivåer och påverkade deras ledarbeteende, prestation och företagets sociala klimat. Chefer var mer konstruktiva när de mådde bra och mer passivt destruktiva när de mådde sämre. Vissa faktorer kunde mildra konsekvenserna av negativa beteenden inom organisationen. Fem grupper av krav och resurser för chefer (dagligt chefsarbete, måluppfyllelse, sociala, organisatoriska och individuella faktorer) identifierades, där småföretagskontextens specificitet visade unika drag. Chefer upplevde förändringar i sina arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande över tid på grund av företagstillväxt.

Slutsats Den specifika kontexten av små växande företag formade chefernas arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande samt också samspelet mellan dessa. Dynamiken i organisationskontexten på grund av företagstillväxt hade konsekvenser för chefernas arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2024. p. 71
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 43
Keywords
small businesses, business growth, managers, wellbeing, psychosocial working conditions, managerial work activities, leadership behaviours, job demands, job resources, occupational health, små företag, företagstillväxt, chefer, välbefinnande, psykosociala arbetsvillkor, chefsarbetsaktiviteter, ledarbeteende, arbetskrav, arbetsresurser, arbetsmiljö
National Category
Business Administration Health Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-43706 (URN)978-91-89593-25-1 (ISBN)978-91-89593-26-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-03-27, 23:213, Högskolan i Gävle, Gävle, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-03-06 Created: 2024-01-31 Last updated: 2024-03-06Bibliographically approved

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Ahmadi, ElenaBergström, GunnarMacassa, Gloria

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