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Individual and unit level insights from hospital staff ratings on structural empowerment, leadership-management performance, well-being, and quality of care
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1127-2891
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9912-5350
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1495-4943
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2024 (English)In: BMC Health Services Research, E-ISSN 1472-6963, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 1491Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Leadership and access to structural empowerment are known to influence the work life experiences of staff and quality of care. Knowledge about relationships between specific factors of structural empowerment, leadership and management, staff well-being and quality of care at both an individual and unit level is scarce.

Aim: To study the relationship between staff-rated access to empowering structures, leadership and management performance, well-being, and quality of care in hospital settings measured at the individual level and aggregated at the unit level.

Methods: A cross-sectional correlative design was applied. Questionnaire data from 331 randomized hospital nursing staff working at 38 units in 25 hospitals in Sweden were analyzed using bivariate correlations and general estimation equation (GEE) models.

Results: Results from the bivariate analysis of relationships confirmed earlier research. In the GEE models, some unexpected results were found and differences between the individual and unit levels. Adding management and leadership as independent factors in the second model showed few relationships of significance to the outcome variables.

Conclusion: Results confirm the importance of staff access to empowering structures in relation to well-being and quality of care. Differences and similarities were shown when studying these relationships at both the individual and unit level. The findings feature implications for hospital management to promote staff access to empowering structures. The findings provide information on how these structures relate to the individual and the unit; information that could be useful when planning or implementing strategies with the aim to promote staff well-being and care quality. The non-significant results for leadership and management in relation to staff outcomes in the GEE-models, raise questions for further research where a shift from individual to organizational focused performances within the field of leadership is implied.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer , 2024. Vol. 24, no 1, article id 1491
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46159DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11945-6ISI: 001366326500003PubMedID: 39604932Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85211052100OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-46159DiVA, id: diva2:1920710
Available from: 2024-12-12 Created: 2024-12-12 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. First-Line Managers in the Context of Care: Structural conditions for management practice focusing on structural empowerment and span of control in Swedish hospitals
Open this publication in new window or tab >>First-Line Managers in the Context of Care: Structural conditions for management practice focusing on structural empowerment and span of control in Swedish hospitals
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Aim: To study structural conditions for first-line management practice in hospitals, focusing on structural empowerment and span of control (SOC).

Methods: Data were collected through observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The participating first-line managers (FLMs) and nursing staff worked in medicalor surgical units across Sweden.

Results: FLMs positioned at units where staff perceived access to empowering structures consistently worked to provide resources, information, support, and development opportunities to their staff. Interviews with the FLMs and nursing staff confirmed the observations and revealed a shared understanding of the importance of staff having access to empowering structures. Additionally, nursing staff’s ratings showed a relationship between these structures to the staff’s ratings of well-being and care quality. FLMs emphasized adequate staffing as a crucial resource for their management practice, along with effective information flows, supportive work relationships, and influence. The questionnaire used to measure SOC captured FLMs’ scope and complexity beyond the number of subordinates. Adjusting response options to reflect Swedish recommended ratios of staff per FLM increased the number of FLMs with results indicating that their SOC should be adjusted to be manageable.

Conclusions: The findings support Kanter's theoryof structural empowerment and demonstrates how staff access to resources, opportunities, and support relates to staff well-being, and that staff access to support and professional networks can be linked to staff perceptions of care quality. FLMs managing staff perceiving access to empowering structures, prioritize presence and availability to support staff in daily operations. FLMs’ own access to resources, networks, and inclusion in decision-making was described as enhancing their efficiency. Additionally, the tested questionnaire proved relevant for capturing managers’ SOC beyond headcount.

Abstract [sv]

Syfte: Att studera strukturella förutsättningar för första linjens chefskap inom sjukhus, med fokus på strukturell empowerment och kontrollspann.

Metoder: Data samlades in genom observationer, frågeformulär och intervjuer. Deltagarna arbetade vid avdelningar tillhörande medicin eller kirurgenheter spridd aöver Sverige.

Resultat: Chefer med ansvar för vårdpersonal som upplevde tillgång till strukturell empowerment sågs arbeta konsekvent för att tillhandahålla resurser, information, stöd och utvecklingsmöjligheter till sin personal. Intervjuer med cheferna och personalen bekräftade observationerna och visade en gemensam syn på vikten av personalens tillgång till dessa strukturer. Personalens skattningar visade samband mellan strukturell empowerment och deras upplevda välbefinnande samt vårdkvalitet. Chefer betonade tillgång till personal som en avgörande resurs för att hantera chefskapet, samt vikten av effektiva informationsflöden, stödjande arbetsrelationer och inflytande. Frågeformuläret för att mäta kontrollspann fångade chefers ansvarsbredd och komplexitet utöver antalet underställda. Genom att justera svarsalternativ till att återspegla svenska rekommenderade mått på antal medarbetare per chef ökade antalet chefer vars kontrollspann inte längre bedömdes hanterbart.

Slutsatser: Resultaten stöder Kanters teori om strukturell empowerment och visar hur personalens skattade tillgång till resurser, möjligheter och stöd hänger samman med personalens välbefinnande, samt att personalens tillgång till stöd och viktiga nätverk kan kopplas till skattad vårdkvalitet. Chefer som leder personal med upplevd tillgång till strukturell empowerment prioriterar närvaro och tillgänglighet för att stödja personalen i det dagliga arbetet. Chefers tillgång till resurser, nätverk och inklusion i beslutsprocesser beskrevs stärka effektiviteten i deras chefskap. Vidare framkom det testade frågeformuläret som relevant för att fånga chefers kontrollspann bortom antalet underställda.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2025. p. 66
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 57
Keywords
hospital, structural empowerment, span of control, first-line managers, nursing staff, health care, work situation, well-being at work, care quality, sjukhus, strukturell empowerment, kontrollspann, första-linjens chefer, vårdpersonal, hälso- och sjukvård, arbetssituation, välbefinnande på jobbet, vårdkvalitet
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46283 (URN)978-91-89593-56-5 (ISBN)978-91-89593-57-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-04-01, 12:108, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 13:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-03-07 Created: 2025-01-10 Last updated: 2025-03-07

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Lundin, KarinEngström, MariaSkytt, BerniceStrömberg, AnnikaSilén, Marit

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