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Closing the gap between circularity and GWP impact: Designing a circularity metric accounting for energy use
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4637-7068
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5661-2917
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5885-3864
2025 (English)In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 215, article id 108102Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To assess the progress towards a circular economy, numerous circularity metrics have been developed in recent years. However, there is a lack of alignment between circularity metric results and greenhouse gas emissions, as circularity metrics are mainly geared towards capturing material efficiency of circularity strategies and mostly disregard energy use. We target this gap by developing a new mass-based circularity metric that considers both material and energy resources (i.e., fuel and electricity). The circularity metric results are compared to the midpoint impact category Global Warming Potential in two case studies, where circularity strategies are applied to energy consuming products in several different scenarios. The results show that by including energy resources, the new metric is more aligned with GWP than purely material-based metrics. We discuss how this alignment changes in different systems and in which situations the circularity metric is a suitable proxy for GWP. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier , 2025. Vol. 215, article id 108102
Keywords [en]
Case studies; Circular economy; Circularity metrics; Energy flows; Life cycle assessment; Material flows
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46297DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.108102ISI: 001399228200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85213887422OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-46297DiVA, id: diva2:1926512
Available from: 2025-01-13 Created: 2025-01-13 Last updated: 2025-02-03Bibliographically approved

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Brändström, JohanEriksson, OlaHillman, Karl

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