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The fractal nature of maps and mapping
Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-2337-2486
2015 (engelsk)Inngår i: International Journal of Geographical Information Science, ISSN 1365-8816, E-ISSN 1365-8824, Vol. 29, nr 1, s. 159-174Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

A fractal can be simply understood as a set or pattern in which there are far more small things than large ones, for example, far more small geographic features than large ones on the earth surface, or far more large-scale maps than small-scale maps for a geographic region. This article attempts to argue and provide evidence for the fractal nature of maps and mapping. It is the underlying fractal structure of geographic features, either natural or man-made, that make reality mappable, large-scale maps generalizable, and cities imageable. The fractal nature is also what underlies the beauty of maps. After introducing some key fractal concepts such as recursion, self-similarity, scaling ratio, and scaling exponent, this article demonstrates that fractal thought is rooted in long-standing map-making practices such as series maps subdivision, visual hierarchy, and Töpfer's radical law. Drawing on previous studies on head/tail breaks, mapping can be considered a head/tail breaks process; that is to divide things around an average, according to their geometric, topological and/or semantic properties, into the head (for those above the average) and the tail (for those below the average), and recursively continue the dividing process for the head for map generalization, statistical mapping, and cognitive mapping. Given the fractal nature of maps and mapping, cartography should be considered a perfect combination of science and art, and scaling must be formulated as a law of cartography or that of geography in general. 

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2015. Vol. 29, nr 1, s. 159-174
Emneord [en]
cognitive mapping, head/tail breaks, map generalization, scaling of geographic features, statistical mapping
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Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18421DOI: 10.1080/13658816.2014.953165ISI: 000350367900008Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84924547846OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-18421DiVA, id: diva2:770277
Tilgjengelig fra: 2014-12-10 Laget: 2014-12-10 Sist oppdatert: 2022-09-19bibliografisk kontrollert

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