The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were agreed atUnited Nations General Assembly Millennium Summit in 2000, addresschallenges in poverty reduction, hunger, health, gender equality, education,and environmental sustainability, an ambitious set of development targetsaimed at reducing poverty and improving the lives of people all around theworld by 2015. Over the past decade, notable progress has been made oneach individual MDG even in the poorest countries and the most difficultcircumstances. Such success shows that the MDGs can be achieved. Indeed,the MDGs have led to unprecedented commitments, partnerships andprogress in combating poverty and hunger, in improving school enrolment,in fostering gender equality and in extending equal access to health care. Yetprogress is uneven between and within regions and countries and often tooslow to meet the 2015 deadline. There is a growing realization that, withoutrenewed commitment and concerted action, some countries will not reach allof the MDGs. In recent years there has been a growing body of literature onthe interconnectedness of education and the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs). The purpose of this paper is to synthesize global evidencegenerated through various MDG Country Reports and supplementarydocuments that focus on trends toward progress and on the gaps anddisparities that have arisen. The paper will help to establish a betterunderstanding of how investment in education can lead to developmentoutcomes that aid the achievement of the MDGs.