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Life cycle assessment of horse manure treatment
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5661-2917
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering.ORCID iD: 0009-0008-6074-5254
SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden; University of Mälardalen, Västerås, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1613-5762
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering.
2016 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 9, no 12, article id 1011Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Horse manure consists of feces, urine, and varying amounts of various bedding materials. The management of horse manure causes environmental problems when emissions occur during the decomposition of organic material, in addition to nutrients not being recycled. The interest in horse manure undergoing anaerobic digestion and thereby producing biogas has increased with an increasing interest in biogas as a renewable fuel. This study aims to highlight the environmental impact of different treatment options for horse manure from a system perspective. The treatment methods investigated are: (1) unmanaged composting; (2) managed composting; (3) large-scale incineration in a waste-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plant; (4) drying and small-scale combustion; and (5) liquid anaerobic digestion with thermal pre-treatment. Following significant data uncertainty in the survey, the results are only indicative. No clear conclusions can be drawn regarding any preference in treatment methods, with the exception of their climate impact, for which anaerobic digestion is preferred. The overall conclusion is that more research is needed to ensure the quality of future surveys, thus an overall research effort from horse management to waste management.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. Vol. 9, no 12, article id 1011
Keywords [en]
horse manure; bedding material; life cycle assessment (LCA); anaerobic digestion; incineration; composting; biogas; combustion
National Category
Bioenergy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23035DOI: 10.3390/en9121011ISI: 000392402700012Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85002989961OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-23035DiVA, id: diva2:1056513
Note

Funding: Region Gävleborg

Available from: 2016-12-15 Created: 2016-12-14 Last updated: 2024-04-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Anaerobic digestion of horse manure: renewable energy and plant nutrients in a systems perspective
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Anaerobic digestion of horse manure: renewable energy and plant nutrients in a systems perspective
2016 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In horse keeping horse manure is produced, which can be utilized as a fertilizer or considered a waste. Horse manure constitutes a resource in terms of both plant nutrients and energy. In addition energy policies and objectives aim at replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The interest to improve resource recovery of horse manure increases due various incentives for renewable vehicle fuels, legal requirements on management of manure, and environmental impact from current horse manure management.

This thesis aims at describing horse manure management in a life cycle perspective. This is made by (1) identifying factors in horse keeping affect­ing the possibility to use horse manure as a biogas feedstock and to recycle plant nutrients, (2) analysing factors in anaerobic digestion with influence on methane potential and biofertilizer nutrient content and (3) comparing the environmental impact from different horse manure treatment methods. Literature reviews, systematic combining, and simulations have been used as research methods.

The results show that horse keeping activities such as feeding, indoor keeping, outdoor keeping and manure storage affect the amount and charac­teristics of horse manure and thereby also the possibilities for anaerobic digestion horse manure. Transport affects the collected amount and spread­ing affects loss of nutrients and nutrient recycling. Simulation results in­dicate the highest methane yield and energy balance from paper bedding, while straw and peat gave a higher nutrient content of the biofertilizer. The highest methane yield was achieved with a low rate of bedding, which in the cases of woodchips and paper is also preferable for plant nutrient recycling. Still, results indicate the best energy balance from anaerobic digestion with a high ratio of bedding. The environmental impact assessment indicates a reduction in global warming potential for anaerobic digestion compared to incineration or composting.

Abstract [sv]

Vid hästhållning alstras hästgödsel som kan användas som växtnäring eller anses vara ett avfall. Hästgödsel utgör både en växtnäringsresurs och en energi resurs. Dessutom styr uppsatta energimål mot att förnybar energi ska ersätta fossila bränslen. Intresset för att öka resursutnyttjandet av hästgödsel ökar på grund av olika incitament för förnybara drivmedel, lagstiftning om gödselhantering och miljöpåverkan från dagens hantering av hästgödsel.

I den här avhandlingen beskrivs hästgödselhantering i ett livscykel­perspektiv genom att (1) identifiera olika faktorer vid hästhållningen som påverkar möjligheten att utvinna biogas ur hästgödsel och återföra näringen till jordbruksmark, (2) analysera faktorer i biogasprocessen som påverkar den specifika metanmängden och innehållet av växtnäring i gödseln och (3) jämföra olika gödselhanteringsmetoders miljöpåverkan. Metoderna i avhan­dlingen har varit litteraturstudier, systematisk kombination av teori och em­piri samt simulering. Resultaten visar att utfodringen, om och hur hästarna hålls inomhus och utomhus och hur hästgödsel lagras påverkar mängden hästgödsel och dess egenskaper, och därmed också hur den fungerar som ett biogassubstrat. Trans­porterna har betydelse för hur mycket gödsel som kan samlas in och spridas, medan gödselspridningen påverkar näringsförluster och närings återföring.

Resultaten från simuleringarna indikerar högst metanutbyte och bäst energi­balans från papper som strömaterial, medan halm och torv gav högre växt­näringsinnehåll i biogödseln. De högsta resultaten på specifik metanmängd nåddes med låg andel strö, vilket också var positivt för växtnäringsinnehållet vid scenarierna med spån och papper. Samtidigt indikerar resultaten att en hög andel strömaterial ger den bästa energibalansen. Miljöpåverkansbedöm­ningen indikerar att potentialen för klimatpåverkan minskar om hästgödsel behandlas i en biogasprocess jämfört med förbränning eller kompostering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2016. p. 40
Series
Studies in the Research Profile Built Environment. Licentiate thesis ; 2
Keywords
Horse manure, horse keeping, anaerobic digestion, nutrient recycling, systems perspective, bedding, methane potential, feedstock, biogas, biofertilizer, Hästgödsel, hästhållning, rötning, näringsåterföring, systemperspektiv, strömaterial, metanpotential, biogassubstrat, biogas, biogödsel
National Category
Bioenergy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22716 (URN)978-91-88145-05-5 (ISBN)978-91-88145-06-2 (ISBN)
Presentation
2016-12-15, Krusenstjernasalen, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:30 (English)
Supervisors
Available from: 2016-12-19 Created: 2016-11-09 Last updated: 2024-05-20Bibliographically approved
2. From waste problem to renewable energy resource: exploring horse manure as feedstock for anaerobic digestion
Open this publication in new window or tab >>From waste problem to renewable energy resource: exploring horse manure as feedstock for anaerobic digestion
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

A sustainable energy system requires, according to energy policies, reduced emissions of greenhouse gases, increased ratio of renewable sources of energy and more efficient use of energy. Horse manure could be regarded as waste, but also as a resource for renewable energy and plant nutrients. This thesis explores the potential of horse manure as a renewable energy source, and its possibilities to support and contribute to energy and environmental objectives. To do this, data was collected from literature, simulations, study visits and interviews.

A number of horse keeping activities were identified in the assessment of horse manure as a feedstock for energy and as a plant resource: feeding, indoor housing, outdoor keeping, manure storage, fertilizing and transport, all with effect on amount and content of horse manure. Results indicated that choice and amount of bedding are important for both energy performance and plant nutrient content in the biofertilizer. Operational conditions such as long hydraulic retention time and high temperature had less impact for horse manure as a biogas feedstock. Anaerobic digestion resulted in the lowest global warming potential compared to incineration and composting, while large-scale incineration reduced primary energy demand, acidification potential and eutrophication potential. In a subsequent simulation, anaerobic digestion had lower potential environmental impact than unmanaged composting, regarding all chosen environmental impact categories in the study. Experiences from energy companies suggest that horse manure can be used in small quantities in co-incineration, with suitable incineration technology, but odor was mentioned as a problem. Farm-scale incineration required continuous maintenance and monitoring and mixing with pellets. As a feedstock for anaerobic digestion horse manure was regarded as suitable for plug-flow processes while stirred processes experienced more technical problems leading to increased cost for plants. With adaption of horse manure to the energy recovery technology to be used, and adaption at energy conversion plants to homogenous materials, this not yet fully utilized bioenergy resource has potential to contribute with renewable energy to the energy system, and thereby also reduce environmental impact from horse manure treatment

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2018. p. 74
Series
Studies in the Research Profile Built Environment. Doctoral thesis ; 8
Keywords
horse manure, environmental systems analysis, energy systems, renewable energy, environmental impact, anaerobic digestion, biogas, biofertilizer, systems perspective, bedding, incineration, composting, horse manure utilization
National Category
Energy Systems Renewable Bioenergy Research Other Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27860 (URN)978-91-88145-29-1 (ISBN)978-91-88145-30-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2018-11-09, 12:108, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2018-10-16 Created: 2018-09-06 Last updated: 2024-08-29
3. Energy and Environmental Factors in Food and Beverage Production Systems: An Analysis of Tomatoes, Whisky, and Beer
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Energy and Environmental Factors in Food and Beverage Production Systems: An Analysis of Tomatoes, Whisky, and Beer
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Given the anticipated global population of approximately 10 billion by 2050, the task of ensuring adequate sustenance for all within the constraints of Earth's limited resources presents a significant challenge. The production of food and beverages demands considerable energy investment, as well as other essential resources such as water and nutrients. In addition to this, food production is associated with different kinds of environmental impact, such as global warming, eutrophication, acidification, and biodiversity loss.

This thesis analyzes energy and environmental factors in food and beverage production systems, focusing on tomatoes, whisky, and beer production. It aims to identify energy and environmental hotspots in these systems while also exploring the potential benefits of selected waste management practices, such as anaerobic digestion, for improving system circularity and environmental performance. The thesis uses several methods for energy and environmental systems analysis, including life cycle assessment and material flow analysis, as well as energy system simulation and optimization.

A key finding is the role of local resources, such as renewable energy and access to waste treatment facilities, in determining the environmental impact. Additionally, electricity use and production methods significantly influenced the environmental impact of the studied systems. The importance of transportation varied across the systems, due to differences in transport requirements of both inputs and outputs. Furthermore, this study evaluates various alternatives for increased circularity, particularly through waste treatment and improved resource efficiency. The results contribute to increased understanding of environmental performance across several production systems, offering insights for decision-makers aiming to enhance environmental sustainability of food and beverage production.

Abstract [sv]

Med tanke på den förväntade globala befolkningen på ungefär 10 miljarder människor år 2050 är det en stor utmaning att säkerställa tillräcklig matförsörjning inom jordens begränsade resurser. Mat- och dryckesproduktion kräver betydande energimängder, samt andra väsentliga resurser som vatten och näringsämnen, och är förknippad med miljöpåverkan som global uppvärmning, övergödning, försurning och förlust av biologisk mångfald.

Denna avhandling presenterar en analys av energi- och miljöfaktorer i system för produktion av mat och dryck, med fokus på produktion av tomater, whisky och öl. Den syftar till att identifiera energi- och miljöproblem i dessa system, samt utforska potentiella fördelar med utvalda avfallshanteringstekniker, såsom rötning, för att förbättra systemens cirkularitet och miljöprestanda. Avhandlingen använder flera olika metoder för energi- och miljösystemanalys, inklusive livscykelanalys, materialflödesanalys, samt simulering och optimering av energisystem.

En viktig upptäckt som visade sig för alla system är rollen som lokala resurser, såsom förnybar energi och tillgång till avfallshantering, spelar för produkternas miljöpåverkan. Även mängderna och produktionsmetoderna för elektricitet hade en avsevärd påverkan på miljöpåverkan för de studerade systemen. Transporternas betydelse varierade mellan systemen, på grund av olika transportbehov för insatsvaror, produkter och avfall. Denna studie utvärderar också flera alternativ där förbättrad cirkularitet ökade systemets miljömässiga hållbarhet, främst genom avfallsbehandling och förbättrad resursanvändning. Vidare visade denna studie på potentialen för ökad cirkularitet, särskilt genom avfallsbehandling och förbättrad resursanvändning. Resultaten bidrar till ökad förståelse för miljöprestanda för flera produktionssystem och ger insikter för beslutsfattare som syftar till att förbättra miljömässig hållbarhet vid produktion av mat och dryck.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2024. p. 70
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 40
Keywords
environmental systems analysis, waste management, import, local resources, food production, beverage production, circularity
National Category
Energy Systems Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-43365 (URN)978-91-89593-19-0 (ISBN)978-91-89593-20-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-02-15, Lilla Jadwigasalen, 12108, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-01-25 Created: 2023-12-04 Last updated: 2024-01-31Bibliographically approved

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Eriksson, OlaHadin, ÅsaHennessy, JayJonsson, Daniel

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