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Impact of environment on people’s everyday experiences in Stockholm
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7936-3722
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0179-2540
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden.
School of Architecture, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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2018 (English)In: Landscape and Urban Planning, ISSN 0169-2046, E-ISSN 1872-6062, Vol. 171, p. 7-17Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In order to construct urban environments that limit negative impacts for global sustainability while supporting human wellbeing, there is a need to better understand how features of the environment influence people’s everyday experiences. We present a novel method for studying this combining accessibility analysis and public participatory GIS (PPGIS). Seven environment features are defined and accessibility to them analysed across Stockholm municipality. We estimate the probabilities of positive and negative experiences in places based on these environment features, by using spatial regression to extrapolate from the results of an online PPGIS survey (1784 experiences of 1032 respondents). Six of the seven studied environment features have significant impact on experiential outcome, after accounting for spatial autocorrelation among the data. The results show that number of residents and proximity of nature environments and water, all common quality indicators in urban planning and research, have weak statistically significant effects on people’s experiences. However, areas dominated by large working populations or proximity to major roads have very low rates of positive experiences, while areas with high natural temperature regulating capacities have very high rates, showing that there are considerable qualitative differences within urban environments as well as nature environments. Current urban planning practices need to acknowledge these differences to limit impacts on the biosphere while promoting human wellbeing. We suggest that a good way to start addressing this is through transformation of negatively experienced urban areas through designs that integrate closeness to urbanity with possibilities to have nature experiences on a daily basis. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2018. Vol. 171, p. 7-17
Keywords [en]
Affordances, Public participatory GIS, Spatial regression, Urban ecosystem services, Urban social-ecological systems
National Category
Environmental Sciences Other Social Sciences
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25599DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.11.009ISI: 000423643000002Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85035000677OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-25599DiVA, id: diva2:1160239
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-01193Swedish Research Council Formas, 2011-75Available from: 2017-11-24 Created: 2017-11-24 Last updated: 2021-10-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Spatial analyses of people's experiences in urban landscapes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spatial analyses of people's experiences in urban landscapes
2019 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Limiting cities’ negative impact for global sustainability suggests compact city development. However, extensive and accessible urban nature is important for urban dwellers’ wellbeing. Aligning efforts to make cities locally and globally sustainable means resolving this conflict.

This thesis applies spatial analysis of urban dwellers’ regularly occurring experiences, as these are important wellbeing indicators, looking specifically at Stockholm, Sweden. The aim is to contribute to a nuanced understanding of urban environments’ influence on urban dwellers’ experiences. Paper I investigates how accessibility to various environment features impact the probability that people have positive or negative experiences. Paper II applies resilience principles to investigate what experiences exist together in neighbourhoods.

The environment have considerable influence on people’s experiences. Some common indicators in urban planning display weak relationships with experiential outcome, while other less common ones have larger effects. Neighbourhood compositions of experiences display consistent patterns, both spatially across Stockholm and with respect to resilience principles. Many neighbourhoods harbour diverse positive experiences, while a few are dominated by negative ones.

The results suggest that human-environment relations should be given more consideration in urban discourse and urban planning. A relational approach could improve urban dweller’s experiences, and positively influence their wellbeing. For urban planning to be able to handle the complexity of such an approach, I suggest that resilience principles can be heuristics for an urban development that does not compromise people’s experiences. The methodological framework developed here can be applied in other cities, as it can identify specific places for transformation, but also increase knowledge of the interplay between urban environments and people’s experiences across different contexts.

Abstract [sv]

För att begränsa städers negativa påverkan på global hållbarhet förordas ofta kompakta stadsmiljöer. För att säkra stadsbors välbefinnande krävs emellertid stora och tillgängliga naturområden. Denna konflikt måste lösas för att nå en stadsutveckling som bidrar till både lokal och global hållbarhet.

Denna avhandling består av två studier av Stockholm som tillämpar rumslig analys av människors upplevelser, då dessa är viktiga indikatorer för välbefinnande. Den undersöker hur tillgänglighet till olika miljöfaktorer är relaterade till positiva och negativa upplevelser. Vidare tillämpar den resiliensprinciper för att undersöka vilka upplevelser som samexisterar på områdesskala.

Stadsmiljön har betydande påverkan på människors upplevelser. Vissa vanliga indikatorer inom stadsplanering visar svaga samband med upplevelser, medan andra mindre vanliga har större effekter. Sammansättningar av upplevelser på områdesskala uppvisar genomgående mönster, både rumsligt och i förhållande till resiliensprinciper. Många områden innehåller en mångfald av positiva upplevelser, medan ett fåtal domineras av negativa upplevelser.

Resultaten visar att relationer mellan människa och miljö bör ta en mer central plats i stadsplaneringen, då detta erbjuder möjligheter att förbättra stadsbors upplevelser. Resiliensprinciper kan fungera som tumregler inom stadsplaneringen för en stadsutveckling som inte äventyrar människors upplevelser. Metoden som utvecklats här kan appliceras i andra städer, då den kan identifiera specifika platser för omvandling, men också leda till djupare förståelse för samspelet mellan stadsmiljöer och människors upplevelser i olika sammanhang.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2019. p. 25
Series
Studies in the Research Profile Built Environment. Licentiate thesis ; 5
Keywords
Urban planning, social-ecological system, human wellbeing, expe-riences, affordance, ecological psychology, resilience, spatial analysis, PPGIS, Stockholm, Stadsplanering, social-ekologiska system, välbefinnande, upple-velser, miljökvalité, ekologisk psykologi, resiliens, rumslig analys, medbor-gardeltagade, Stockholm
National Category
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29047 (URN)978-91-88145-35-2 (ISBN)
Presentation
2019-01-31, Krusenstjernasalen, Biblioteket, Högskolan i Gävle, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-01193
Available from: 2019-01-10 Created: 2019-01-04 Last updated: 2020-11-23Bibliographically approved
2. Making space for resilient urban well-being
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Making space for resilient urban well-being
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis addresses the need for urban landscapes that provide resilient contributions to inhabitants’ well-being while also limiting impacts on the Earth system. It aims to (1) advance a nuanced understanding of how urban environments relate to urban dwellers’ well-being, and (2) formulate guidelines for planning that supports urban dwellers’ well-being and align with global sustainability. The thesis consists of five empirical studies of Swedish and Danish urban landscapes in which day-to-day experiences and mental disorders were studied as different components of well-being. A variety of spatial and statistical analysis methods were leveraged, including public participation geographic information systems, remote sensing, deep learning, accessibility analysis, and spatial regression.

Results convey that urban environments relate to well-being in substantial ways, but these map poorly onto the simplistic urban-nature or urban-rural dichotomies that dominate current discourse. Support of well-being instead seems to depend on spatial conditions comprised of the street network’s topological configuration, the population distribution, and the accessibility of natural settings. Since the 1990s, contrasts have intensified between stressful urban cores that are increasingly full of people and peripheral areas that are “left behind” and high-risk in terms of mental illness. Results show that urban neighbourhoods could contribute to well-being through fulfilment of three guidelines: (1) a balance of residential and daytime populations, (2) no extreme concentration of movement, and (3) accessible natural settings. Strategies in accordance with the guidelines can increase so-called topodiversity, which refers to variation in spatial conditions across an urban landscape that permits support of well-being through different pathways. Increasing topodiversity in both central and peripheral areas

Abstract [sv]

Denna avhandling utgår från behovet av stadslandskap som på ett robust sätt stödjer invånarnas välbefinnande samtidigt som de minskar städers belastning på planeten. Den syftar till att (1) främja en nyanserad förståelse av hur stadsmiljöer relaterar till invånarnas välbefinnande, samt (2) att formulera riktlinjer för stadsplanering som avser att stödja stadsinvånares välbefinnande och samtidigt inte äventyrar global hållbarhet. Avhandlingen består av fem empiriska studier av svenska och danska stadslandskap i vilka vardagliga upplevelser och psykisk ohälsa studerades som olika delar av välbefinnande. I studierna används rumsliga och statistiska analysmetoder, så som public participation GIS, fjärranalys, deep learning, tillgänglighetsanalys, samt rumslig regression.

Avhandlingen visar att stadsmiljöers kopplingar till välbefinnande är betydande, men att de överensstämmer illa med de förenklade och ofta använda uppdelningar så som stad-natur eller stad-landsbygd. Stöd av välbefinnande verkar istället bero på rumsliga förutsättningar som utgörs av gatunätverkets topologiska sammansättning, befolkningens fördelning, samt naturområdens tillgänglighet. Sedan nittiotalet har en polaritet uppstått mellan å ena sidan alltmer tätbefolkade stadskärnor som upplevs som stressiga och områden i städernas utkanter som ”lämnas i sticket” och som innebär hög risk för mental ohälsa. Resultaten visar att stadsmiljöer kan bidra till välbefinnande om de på områdesskala uppfyller tre riktlinjer: (1) en balans av boende och dagbefolkning, (2) ingen extrem koncentration av folkflöden, samt (3) tillgängliga naturområden. Strategier i enlighet med de tre riktlinjerna kan öka s.k. topodiversitet, som avser variation i rumsliga förutsättningar över ett stadslandskap som tillåter att välbefinnande stöds genom olika processer. Ökad topodiversitet i både centrala och perifera områden kan förbättr astadslandskapets förmåga att robust stödja välbefinnande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2021. p. 49
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 25
Keywords
subjective well-being, affordances, social-ecological urbanism, urban resilience, geographic information system, depression, densification, complex adaptive system, spatial planning, green-blue infrastructure, subjektivt välbefinnande, affordance, social-ekologisk stadsbyggnad, urban resiliens, geografiska informationssystem, depression, förtätning, komplexa adaptiva system, grön infrastruktur
National Category
Environmental Sciences Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology Social Sciences Interdisciplinary
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-37137 (URN)978-91-88145-79-6 (ISBN)978-91-88145-80-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-12-10, Lilla Jadwiga, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-01193
Available from: 2021-11-19 Created: 2021-10-11 Last updated: 2024-08-29Bibliographically approved

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Samuelsson, KarlBrandt, S. AndersBarthel, Stephan

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