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A Scandinavian chemical wood-pulp mill: Part 1. Energy audit aiming at efficiency measures
University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, Ämnesavdelningen för energi- och maskinteknik. (Energi)
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Energy Systems, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Energy Systems, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. (Energi)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3472-4210
2007 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 84, no 3, p. 326-339Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A Swedish wood-pulp mill is surveyed in terms of energy supply and use in order to determine the energy-saving potential. Conservation measures are of increasing interest to Swedish industry, as energy prices have continued to rise in recent years. The electricity price particularly increased after the deregulation of the Scandinavian electricity market in 1996. The deregulation expanded to all of the EU in July 2004, which may increase the Swedish electricity price further until it reaches the generally higher European price level. Furthermore, oil prices have increased and the emissions trading scheme for CO2 adds to the incentive to reduce oil consumption. The energy system at the surveyed pulp mill is described in terms of electricity and process heat production and use. The total energy-saving potential is estimated and some saving points are identified. The heat that today is wasted at the mill has been surveyed in order to find potential for heat integration or heat export. The result shows that the mill probably could become self-sufficient in electricity. Particularly important in that endeavor is updating old pumps.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2007. Vol. 84, no 3, p. 326-339
Keywords [en]
Energy survey, Paper pulp industry, Energy system, Energy efficiency
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-1039DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2006.07.003ISI: 000242541800007Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-33751082715OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-1039DiVA, id: diva2:117701
Available from: 2007-02-13 Created: 2007-02-13 Last updated: 2018-03-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Energy systems analysis of Swedish pulp and paper industries from a regional cooperation perspective: case study modeling and optimization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Energy systems analysis of Swedish pulp and paper industries from a regional cooperation perspective: case study modeling and optimization
2008 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The industrial sector uses about one third of the energy end-use in the world. Since energy use in many cases highly affects both the local and global environment negatively, it is of common interest to increase energy efficiency within industries. Furthermore, seen from the industrial perspective, it is also important to reduce dependency on energy resources with unstable prices in order to obtain economic predictability.

In this thesis, the energy-saving potential within the chemical pulp and paper sector is analyzed. One market pulp mill and one integrated pulp and paper mill were studied as cases. Energy system changes at the mills were analyzed through cost minimization. The thesis focuses on principal energy issues such as finding the most promising alternatives for use of industrial excess heat, possible investments in electricity generation and choice of fuel. In order to find synergies, the same system was optimized first from the perspective of different operators respectively, and then from a joint regional perspective. Also, the prerequisites for a regional heat market in the region were analyzed.

This thesis reveals that the use of excess heat from pulp and paper mills for district heating does not generally conflict with process integration measures. This is partly because of the great availability of industrial excess heat and partly because the different purposes require different temperatures and thereby do not compete. Rather, the results show that they strengthen each other since steam and hot water of higher temperatures are made available for district heating when hot water of lower temperature is used for process integration. However, there are cases when the conditions are complicated by preexisting technical solutions within a system. In these cases, a combination of measures could be necessary.

Furthermore, it is concluded that energy cooperation in terms of a heat market between municipalities and industries in the studied region gives opportunity for positive synergies. Switching from expensive fuels such as oil to less expensive biofuel in the region proved to be particularly beneficial. Expanding the capacity for combined heat and power generation is also beneficial for the region as well as increased use of industrial excess heat for district heating. The most financially beneficial scenarios also have the greatest potential for CO2 emission reduction; the emissions would be reduced by about 700 thousand tonnes CO2/year for the region in those scenarios.

Abstract [sv]

Den industriella energianvändningen utgör en tredjedel av världens totala energianvändning. Eftersom energianvändning i många fall har negativ miljöpåverkan både lokalt och globalt är det av allmänt intresse att öka industriernas energieffektivitet. Sett ur industriernas perspektiv är det dessutom viktigt att minska beroendet av bränslen med osäkra priser för att uppnå ekonomisk förutsägbarhet.

I den här avhandlingen analyseras energibesparingspotentialen inom massa- och pappersindustrin. Ett fristående kemiskt massabruk och ett integrerat kemiskt massa- och pappersbruk har studerats. Förändringar i energisystemen på bruken analyserades genom kostnadsminimeringar. Avhandlingen fokuserar på principiella energifrågor, som att utvärdera olika sätt att använda industriellt spillvärme, investeringar i elgenerering och val av bränsle. För att hitta synergier optimerades samma system ur olika aktörers perspektiv och sedan ur ett regionalt perspektiv. Även förutsättningarna för en regional värmemarknad analyserades.

Avhandlingen visar att användandet av överskottsvärme från massa- och pappersindustrin till fjärrvärme generellt sett inte står i konflikt med processintegreringsåtgärder inom bruken. Detta beror delvis på att stora mängder överskottsvärme finns tillgängliga och delvis på att det är olika temperaturnivåer som behövs till de olika syftena som därför inte konkurrerar. Resultaten visar snarare att de två åtgärderna stärker varandra eftersom processintegrering gör att större mängder varmvatten av högre temperatur blir tillgängliga för fjärrvärme. Det finns dock fall då förutsättningarna kompliceras av redan befintliga tekniska lösningar inom ett system. I dessa fall kan det vara nödvändigt med en kombination av åtgärder.

Vidare dras slutsatsen att energisamarbete mellan kommuner och industrier i form av en värmemarknad ger möjlighet till positiva synergier i den studerade regionen. Särskilt lönsamt visade det sig vara att byta från dyra bränslen såsom olja till billigare bränslen som biobränslen. Att utöka kraftvärmekapaciteten inom värmemarknaden är också lönsamt liksom utökat användande av industriell spillvärme till fjärrvärme. De fall som var mest ekonomiskt lönsamma har även störst möjlighet till minskning av CO2-utsläpp; utsläppen från regionen skulle kunna minskas med cirka 700 000 ton CO2/år i dessa fall.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Linköpings universitet, 2008. p. 89
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1194
Keywords
Industrial energy system, Optimization, District heating, Energy audit, Co-operation
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18862 (URN)978-91-7393-874-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2008-06-02, C3, Hus C, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2018-03-14 Created: 2018-03-14 Last updated: 2022-09-19Bibliographically approved

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