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Using Behavioural Insights to Promote Food Waste Recycling in Urban Households-Evidence From a Longitudinal Field Experiment.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4486-3644
The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
2018 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 9, no MAR, article id 352Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Promoting pro-environmental behaviour amongst urban dwellers is one of today's greatest sustainability challenges. The aim of this study is to test whether an information intervention, designed based on theories from environmental psychology and behavioural economics, can be effective in promoting recycling of food waste in an urban area. To this end we developed and evaluated an information leaflet, mainly guided by insights from nudging and community-based social marketing. The effect of the intervention was estimated through a natural field experiment in Hökarängen, a suburb of Stockholm city, Sweden, and was evaluated using a difference-in-difference analysis. The results indicate a statistically significant increase in food waste recycled compared to a control group in the research area. The data analysed was on the weight of food waste collected from sorting stations in the research area, and the collection period stretched for almost 2 years, allowing us to study the short- and long term effects of the intervention. Although the immediate positive effect of the leaflet seems to have attenuated over time, results show that there was a significant difference between the control and the treatment group, even 8 months after the leaflet was distributed. Insights from this study can be used to guide development of similar pro-environmental behaviour interventions for other urban areas in Sweden and abroad, improving chances of reaching environmental policy goals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2018. Vol. 9, no MAR, article id 352
Keywords [en]
community-based social marketing, difference-in-difference analysis, food waste recycling, longitudinal, natural field experiment, nudging, pro-environmental behaviour
National Category
Energy Systems Other Social Sciences
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26431DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00352ISI: 000428076200001PubMedID: 29623056Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85044388809OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-26431DiVA, id: diva2:1197915
Note

Funding agency: University of Gävle and Kjell and Marta Beijer Foundation

Available from: 2018-04-16 Created: 2018-04-16 Last updated: 2022-06-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Make It Easier: A psychological perspective on sustainable behavior change
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Make It Easier: A psychological perspective on sustainable behavior change
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Human behavior is the cause of most environmental challenges we face today, and widespread behavioral change is urgently needed across actors and scales. Even though the public perception of the current ecological crisis has changed drastically in recent decades, a corresponding shift in behavior is lacking — unfortunately, mere belief in climate change is a poor predictor of taking action. In light of this knowledge-action gap, this thesis looks at behavior change from a psychological perspective and aims to explore how insights from the behavioral sciences can help understand and promote sustainable behavior change. This thesis mainly focuses on developing and testing interventions to promote pro-environmental behaviors. It studies the effectiveness of information-based nudges, manipulation of the physical environment, and the interaction between internal motivation to act and the immediate decision context. The thesis also explores the automatic and habitual aspects of behavior change. To this end, five studies were conducted. Four empirical studies in which interventions to promote pro-environmental behaviors were designed and implemented in different natural contexts. All interventions were evaluated using observed behavior and a mix of experimental designs, from lab experiments to natural field experiments. A fifth argument-driven conceptual paper was also written. Overall, the result from the studies highlights the potential (and complexity) of applying behavioral insights in intervention design: they indicate that the effect can be long-lasting and that relatively small changes in spatial layouts can produce significant behavior change. The results especially showcase the importance of the immediate decision context, and that if conditions are right, manipulating the physical environment can be a powerful, and potentially underutilized, tool to steer behavior. Notably, findings from a lab experiment showed that even when there are strong self-reported intentions to act, convenience to act sustainably might not be enough to spark change, as long as the alternative routine choice was equally convenient. Not until the more sustainable option was made to be the easier choice did significant change occur. The results also showcase the important role habit plays in our day-to-day actions and decisions, how habits can act as strong barriers to change, and that they link behavior to the physical environment. These insights complement the currently dominant narrative focused on intrinsic and rational motivation for acting sustainably and paves the way for a research agenda focused on exploring the manipulation of the physical environment and “habit architecture” as a way to spark sustainable behavior change.

Abstract [sv]

Människans beteende orsakar de flesta miljöutmaningar som vi står inför idag, vilken innebär att vi behöver se omfattande beteendeförändringar inom en nära framtid. Även fast kunskapen och den allmänna uppfattningen om den ekologiska kris vi nu befinner oss i har förändrats drastiskt under de senaste decennierna, saknas en motsvarande förändring i beteende – tyvärr är associationen mellan kunskap och ändrat beteende väldigt svag. I ljuset av det gapet, mellan kunskap och handling, utforskar denna avhandling beteendeförändringar ur ett psykologiskt perspektiv. Forskningen som presenteras här syftar till att undersöka hur insikter från beteendevetenskapen kan hjälpa oss att förstå och främja hållbara beteendeförändringar. Avhandlingen fokuserar främst på att utveckla och testa olika interventioner baserade på psykologiska insikter. Här studeras effektiviteten av informationsbaserade ”nudges”, förändringar i den fysiska miljön och interaktionen mellan inre motivation och den direkta omgivningen. Även de automatiska och vanemässiga aspekterna av beteendeförändringar utforskas. Fem studier genomfördes: i fyra empiriska studier utformades och implementerades interventioner för att främja miljövänliga beteenden i olika miljöer, dessa utvärderades med hjälp av olika experimentella designer: från laboratorieexperiment till naturliga fältexperiment, och effekten uppskattades med hjälp av observerat beteende. En femte konceptuell argumentdriven artikel skrevs också. Överlag belyser resultatet potentialen (men även komplexiteten) i att tillämpa insikter från beteendevetenskapen i designprocessen av olika interventioner: de visar att effekten kan vara långvarig och att relativt små ingripanden kan resultera i betydande beteendeförändring. Resultaten understryker även vikten av den omedelbara fysiska miljön, och att vid rätt förutsättningar – så kan manipulering av den fysiska miljön vara ett kraftfullt, och potentiellt underutnyttjat, verktyg för att styra beteenden mot hållbara val. Till exempelså visade resultaten från ett laboratorieexperiment att även om det fanns starka självrapporterade avsikter att agera hållbart och det samtidigt var ”lätt att göra rätt”, så var det inte tillräckligt — så länge det alternativa och mer vanemässiga beteendet var lika lätt eller lättare. Inte förrän den fysiska miljön gjorde det hållbara alternativet till det lättare valet, såg vi en betydande beteendeförändring. Resultaten belyser också den viktiga roll som vanor spelar för våra dagliga beslut och handlingar, hur vanor kan agera som barriärer mot förändring och hur de kopplar beteendet till den fysiska miljön. Dessa insikter kompletterar det dominerande narrativet inom dagens miljöforskning som främst fokuserar på rationellt beslutfattande och inre motivation att agera hållbart, och banar väg för en kompletterande forskningsagenda som fokuserar på manipulationen av den fysiska miljön och ”vanearkitektur” för att främja en hållbar beteendetransformation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2022. p. 46
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 29
Keywords
pro-environmental behavior, behavior change, intervention, habits, intentions, information, nudge, choice architecture, miljövänligt beteende, beteendeförändring, vanor, intentioner, information, nudge, valarkitektur
National Category
Psychology Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-39054 (URN)978-91-88145-89-5 (ISBN)978-91-88145-90-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-09-09, Stora Jadwigasalen 13:111, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-08-19 Created: 2022-06-16 Last updated: 2022-08-19Bibliographically approved

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