Urbanization is a global multidimensional process which manifests itself through rapidly changing human population densities and changing land cover. Urbanization is viewed today as endangering more species and as more geographically ubiquitous than any other human activity and also the major driving force for increased homogenization of fauna and flora. The concept of ecosystem services has proven useful in describing human benefits from urban ecosystems. For example, urban vegetation may significantly reduce air pollution, mitigate the urban heat island effect, reduce noise, and enhance recreational and cultural values, of importance for urban citizen’s wellbeing. New opportunities lie in that urban landscapes are the very places where knowledge, innovation, and human and financial resources for getting solutions to global environmental problems are likely to be found.