Benchmarking is a method to compare similar plants. Several problems arise in the evaluation of the similarity. Therefore the actual benchmarking was divided into three areas, the European Union, North America and Eastern Europe. The transformation cost was compared for new mills rolling 750,000 t/a. The costs are of the same order in the different areas. The advantage of low hourly wages in Eastern Europe is lost due to the larger mill crew. Higher mill capacity give lower cost. This is a threat to many EU-located bar mills. A model to calculate the transformation cost as a function of the capacity was developed. The model give fairly good predictions. Comparison of the calculated cost to the costs of the investigated new mills show sufficient conformity. The weakest point is the estimation of the capital cost, which is not technologically determined. This is probably the main reason for deviations in transformation costs shown for similar plants.