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Designing Policies and Programmes for Improved Energy Efficiency in Industrial SMEs
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9439-5071
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
Tractebel Engineering S.A., Brussels, Belgium.
Socio-Economic Research Center, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan.
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2019 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 12, no 7, article id 1338Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Climate change, due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, is driving policymakers to make decisions to promote more efficient energy use. Improved industrial energy efficiency is said to play a key role in the transition to more carbon-neutral energy systems. In most countries, industrial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) represent 95% or more of the total number of companies. Thus, SMEs, apart from using energy, are a major driver in the economy with regard to innovation, GDP growth, employment, investments, exports, etc. Despite this, research and policy activities related to SMEs have been scarce, calling for contributions in the field. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to critically assess how adequate energy efficiency policy programmes for industrial SMEs could be designed. Results show that scientific publications in the field differ in scope and origin, but a major emphasis of the scientific papers has been on barriers to and drivers for energy efficiency. Scientific contributions from studies of energy policy programmes primarily cover energy audit programmes and show that the major energy efficiency measures from industrial SMEs are found in support processes. The review further reveals an imbalance in geographic scope of the papers within the field, where a vast majority of the papers emanate from Europe, calling for scientific publications from other parts of the world. The study synthesizes the findings into a general method on how to design efficiency programs for the sector.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2019. Vol. 12, no 7, article id 1338
Keywords [en]
industrial SMEs, energy efficiency, energy policy, barriers, drivers
National Category
Energy Systems
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30507DOI: 10.3390/en12071338ISI: 000465561400155Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85065481846OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-30507DiVA, id: diva2:1343264
Projects
Enhanced energy efficiency for strengthened competitiveness and increased sustainability among Gavleborg's SMEs through implementation of service and product innovations in industrial energy systems (ENERGIG)
Funder
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth
Note

Funding: The research project is financed by the European Commission within the European Regional Development Fund, the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth, Region Gavleborg and the University of Gavle. 

Available from: 2019-08-16 Created: 2019-08-16 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Improved energy efficiency in industrial small and medium-sized enterprises: Regional energy efficiency network policy programs
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved energy efficiency in industrial small and medium-sized enterprises: Regional energy efficiency network policy programs
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Despite large potential for improved energy efficiency in industrial small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the full potential is not realized due to barriers to energy efficiency. Two primary ways to realize the potential are to deploy energy management practices and conduct energy audits. However, such energy management practices are underdeveloped in non-energy intensive SMEs and only half of the measures in an energy audit are implemented. To address this problem, energy efficiency networks (EENs) provide vital services and support for SMEs, and may double the implementation rate of energy efficiency measures and the achieved energy efficiency, compared with an energy audit.

This thesis studies regional energy policy programs for industrial SMEs, and EENs in particular. The results show that despite EEN participation, the potential in the production processes is left untapped and energy management is still underdeveloped in the SMEs. The results also show that EEN participation reduces some of the common barriers to energy efficiency, but is insufficient in reducing all of them. The methodology, using the theory of barriers to evaluate the network process, can be used for future evaluations where it is recommended to apply the process evaluation while the EEN is operating, to assess the performance of the functions. 

From the top barriers to and drivers for energy management, organizational aspects seem to be of high importance, followed by barriers/drivers related to economy and knowledge. The major barriers to energy management seem to be more organizational in nature than the barriers to energy efficiency measures. 

The main contributions are a model for designing energy efficiency policy programs for SMEs, and a model for evaluation of policy programs in general, and EENs specifically. The thesis provides insights on key processes of operation of EEN programs for SMEs. The EEN model and its functions need to be further developed to improve energy management and also target production processes in the SMEs.

Abstract [sv]

Trots stor potential för förbättrad energieffektivisering i industriella små och medelstora företag (SMF) förverkligas inte den fulla potentialen på grund av ett antal hinder för energieffektivisering. Ett primärt sätt att förverkliga den fulla potentialen är att arbeta med energiledning och genomföra energikartläggningar. Energiledningen är dock underutvecklad i icke-energiintensiva SMF och endast hälften av åtgärderna i en energikartläggning genomförs. För att lösa detta problem bistår energieffektiviseringsnätverk (EEN) med viktiga tjänster och stöd till SMF vilket kan fördubbla implementeringsgraden av åtgärder såväl som den uppnådda energieffektiviteten, jämfört med en energikartläggning.

Denna avhandling studerar regionala styrmedel för energieffektivisering i industriella SMF, och specifikt EEN. Resultaten visar att, trots deltagande i EEN, så förverkligas inte potentialen i produktionsprocesserna och energiledningen är fortfarande underutvecklad i SMF. Resultaten visar också att EEN minskar några av de vanligaste hindren för energieffektivisering, men är otillräckligt för att minska dem alla. Metodiken, att med hjälp av hinderteori utvärdera nätverksprocessen, kan användas för framtida utvärderingar där det rekommenderas att tillämpa processutvärderingen medan EEN är i drift, för att bedöma funktionernas prestanda.

Från de främsta hindren mot och drivkrafter för energiledning verkar organisatoriska aspekter vara av stor betydelse, följt av hinder/drivkrafter relaterade till ekonomi och kunskap. Hindren för energiledning verkar vara mer av organisatorisk form än hindren för energieffektiviseringsåtgärder.

De huvudsakliga bidragen är en modell för utformning av energiprogram för energieffektivisering i SMF, samt en modell för utvärdering av energiprogram i allmänhet, och EEN specifikt. Dessutom ger avhandlingen insikter om nyckelprocesser för driften av EEN-program för SMF. Nätverksmodellen och dess funktioner behöver vidareutvecklas för att förbättra energiledningen och även nå produktionsprocesserna i SMF.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2022. p. 62
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 28
Keywords
Regional energy efficiency policy, Energy efficiency networks, Industrial SMEs, Barriers, Drivers, Energy management, Regional energipolicy, energieffektiviseringsnätverk, industriella SMF, hinder, drivkrafter, energiledning
National Category
Energy Systems
Research subject
no Strategic Research Area (SFO)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-37595 (URN)978-91-88145-87-1 (ISBN)978-91-88145-88-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-03-11, 12:108, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-02-15 Created: 2022-01-11 Last updated: 2022-03-08Bibliographically approved

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