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Investigating the Effect of One Year of Learning to Play a Musical Instrument on Speech-in-Noise Perception and Phonological Short-Term Memory in 5-to-7-Year-Old Children
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science. University of Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4947-4579
Loughborough University, UK.
University of Pretoria, South Africa.
University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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2020 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 10, article id 2865Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The benefits in speech-in-noise perception, language and cognition brought about by extensive musical training in adults and children have been demonstrated in a number of cross-sectional studies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether one year of school-delivered musical training, consisting of individual and group instrumental classes, was capable of producing advantages for speech-in-noise perception and phonological short-term memory in children tested in a simulated classroom environment. Forty-one children aged 5-7 years at the first measurement point participated in the study and either went to a music-focused or a sport-focused private school with an otherwise equivalent school curriculum. The children’s ability to detect number and color words in noise was measured under a number of conditions including different masker types (speech-shaped noise, single-talker background) and under varying spatial combinations of target and masker (spatially collocated, spatially separated). Additionally, a cognitive factor essential to speech perception, namely phonological short-term memory, was assessed. Findings were unable to confirm that musical training of the frequency and duration administered was associated with a musician's advantage for either speech in noise, under any of the masker or spatial conditions tested, or phonological short-term memory.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2020. Vol. 10, article id 2865
Keywords [en]
children, cognition, musical training, phonological short-term memory, speech in noise
National Category
Psychology
Research subject
no Strategic Research Area (SFO)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31616DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02865ISI: 000509580200001PubMedID: 31998174Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85078416989OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-31616DiVA, id: diva2:1390711
Available from: 2020-02-03 Created: 2020-02-03 Last updated: 2022-02-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Effects of environmental acoustic factors, individual differences and musical training on speech perception in simulated classrooms
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effects of environmental acoustic factors, individual differences and musical training on speech perception in simulated classrooms
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Formal learning takes place primarily through speech perception in classroom environments and is therefore dependent on the listener’s ability to cope with a number of acoustic factors that interfere with the speech signal. As classrooms are inclusive spaces accommodating learners with a broad range of abilities and backgrounds, this research investigated some of the ways in which individual differences in supporting cognitive skills are related to speech perception outcomes in various challenging acoustic environments. A potential avenue for the remediation of speech perception problems was also investigated. Studies comparing trained musicians’ with non-musicians’ speech perception have consistently shown a “musicians’ advantage” for speech-in-noise tasks, therefore this research longitudinally investigated whether one year of musical training was capable of producing improved speech perception thresholds in children. Therefore, the first three studies investigated relationships between the cognitive abilities of the listener and speech perception under various challenging environmental conditions, and the final study reported whether a year of musical training was able to produce learning effects generalizable to speech perception in the same challenging auditory environments tested in the two preceding experiments. Tests involved attending to a target talker underexperimental conditions in which the target signal was increasingly difficult todiscern either by lengthening reverberation time or by adding noise (i.e., competing sounds or talkers). In the second, third and fourth studies, the configuration of target and noise sources in the simulated room were manipulated to be either collocated or spatially separated from one-another. In order to additionally explore the relationship between speech perception and underlying cognitive processes, a number of measures were taken including phonological working memory capacity (number updating, digit span) and language assessments (vocabulary, expressive language) and analysed in relation to speech perception outcomes under the various experimental conditions. In all four studies, speech perception was tested in virtual classroom environments that were simulated based on actual classroom acoustic measurements taken in participating Swedish schools. The cumulative findings of this body of work linked differences in language ability, background and performance on various cognitive tests to speech perception thresholds, suggesting that not all learners are on equal footing in the classroom environment. However, musical training of the intensity and duration provided was unable to improve group performanceon speech perception or cognitive measures.

Abstract [sv]

En stor del av elevers inlärning sker via katederundervisning i klassrumsmiljöer och är därför beroende av lyssnarens förmåga att hantera ett flertal akustiska faktorer som stör talsignalen. Klassrum är inkluderande lokaler som skall tillmötesgå elever med en bred variation av förmågor och bakgrunder. Denna avhandling sammankopplar individuella skillnader inom kognitiva förmågor med resultat av taluppfattning i utmanande akustiska miljöer. Även en intervention med syfte att förbättra elevers taluppfattning undersöktes. Tidigare studier som jämför musikers och icke-musikers taluppfattning har konsekvent visat fördelar bland musiker inom uppgifter gällande taluppfattning i konkurrerande bakgrundsljud. Därför genomfördes en longitudinell studie med ett årsmusikalisk träning i syfte att förbättra taluppfattningströskeln hos unga elever. De tre första studierna som presenteras i denna avhandling undersökte förhållandena mellan kognitiva förmågor hos lyssnaren och taluppfattning under utmanande ljudmiljöer. Den sista studien undersökte huruvida ett år av musikalisk träning kan skapa inlärningseffekter generaliserbara till taluppfattning i samma utmanande auditiva miljöer som testades i de tre tidigare experimenten. Studiedeltagarna lyssnade till en talare under experimentella förhållanden där förmågan att uppfatta talaren påverkades av antingen förlängd efterklangstid eller adderade bakgrundsljud (till exempel störande ljud eller andra talare). I studie två, tre och fyra manipulerades även talarens och bakgrundsljudets position i det simulerade rummet till att antingen komma från samma positioneller från olika riktningar. För att dessutom utforska förhållandet mellan taluppfattning och underliggande kognitiva processer analyserades ett antal kognitiva förmågor i relation till taluppfattningsresultaten under de olika experimentella förhållandena. I alla fyra studier testades taluppfattning i virtuella klassrumsmiljöer som simulerades utifrån verkliga akustiska mätningar från svenska skolor. De kumulativa resultaten i detta arbete sammankopplade svårigheter i språkförmåga, bakgrund samt prestation i flertalet kognitiva tester med taluppfattningströsklar. Resultaten visar att alla elever inte har en likvärdig grund i klassrumsmiljön. Resultaten från interventionsstudien gav inget stöd för att musikalisk träning ger positiv effekt på taluppfattning, möjligtvis var typen av musikalisk träning och längden av den musikaliska träningen i experimentet inte tillräcklig för att förbättra deltagarnas prestation i taluppfattning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2020. p. 37
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 15
Keywords
speech in noise, cognition, perception, musical training, spatial listening, virtual classroom environment, bakgrundsljud, kognition, taluppfattning, musikalisk träning, rumsligt lyssnande, virtuella klassrumsmiljöer
National Category
Psychology
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33359 (URN)978-91-88145-48-2 (ISBN)978-91-88145-49-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-15, 12:108, Kungsbäcksvägen 37, Gävle, 11:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-09-21 Created: 2020-08-21 Last updated: 2024-08-29Bibliographically approved

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