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Impact of Domestic Hot Water Systems on District Heating Temperatures
Högskolan Dalarna.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9789-3882
Umeå Universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8704-8538
Linköpings Universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Energisystem.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2860-1820
2019 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 12, no 24, article id 4694Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

When buildings become more energy effective, the temperature levels of district heating systems need to be lower to decrease the losses from the distribution system and to keep district heating a competitive alternative on the heating market. For this reason, buildings that are refurbished need to be adapted to suit low-temperature district heating. The aim of this paper is to examine whether four different energy refurbishment packages (ERPs) can be used for lowering the temperature need of a multi-family buildings space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) system as well as to analyse the impact of the DHW circulation system on the return temperature. The results show that for all ERPs examined in this study, the space heating supply temperature agreed well with the temperature levels of a low-temperature district heating system. The results show that the temperature need of the DHW system will determine the supply temperature of the district heating system. In addition, the amount of days with heating demand decreases for all ERPs, which further increases the influence of the DHW system on the district heating system. In conclusion, the DHW system needs to be improved to enable the temperature levels of a low-temperature district heating system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Basel, Schweiz, 2019. Vol. 12, no 24, article id 4694
Keywords [en]
district heating, energy efficient refurbishment, building simulation, low-temperature heating, domestic hot water.
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33385DOI: 10.3390/en12244694ISI: 000506918400087Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85077015857OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-33385DiVA, id: diva2:1461725
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20120273Available from: 2020-08-27 Created: 2020-08-27 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Building Energy Efficiency Measures in District Heating Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Building Energy Efficiency Measures in District Heating Systems
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Improving energy performance of existing buildings is an important part in decreasing energy use and in turn reducing greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy use. To be able to evaluate how energy refurbishment influences greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy use a wider system perspective is needed which puts the building in its context.

 This thesis deals with energy efficiency refurbishment performed on multi-family buildings within district heated areas and how greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy use is influenced. Both energy demand and temperature levels are considered.

A simulated building is used to evaluate energy refurbishment packages. The results are used as input data for models of district heating systems to cost optimize district heating production. One district heating system model is also used to evaluate the impact of lowered district heating supply temperatures. The results from the cost optimizations are used to evaluate the impact on greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy use.

The results show that all refurbishment packages decreases greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy use, but to a different extent. Depending on the fuel types used and to which extent electricity is co-produced in the district heating system, the results of implementing the refurbishment packages vary. The largest reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy use occurs in a district heating system with a high share of biofuel and no electricity production. Another result is that the temperature levels of a building’s heating system can be reduced when refurbished which promotes low-temperature district heating. The results also indicates that greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy use can be decreased from a short- and medium term perspective if the supply temperature of a district heating system is lowered. From a long term perspective primary energy use is still decreased while greenhouse gas emissions are increased.

Abstract [sv]

Att förbättra energiprestanda hos befintliga byggnader är en viktig del i arbetet med att minska energianvändningen och i sin tur minska utsläppen av växthusgaser och användningen av primärenergi. För att kunna utvärdera hur energieffektivisering av byggnader påverkar växthusgasutsläpp och primärenergianvändning behövs ett brett systemperspektiv som sätter byggnaden i sitt sammanhang. Denna avhandling handlar om energieffektivisering av flerfamiljshus inom fjärrvärmeuppvärmda områden och hur växthusgasutsläpp och primärenergianvändning påverkas. Både energibehov och temperaturnivåer beaktas. En simulerad byggnad används för att utvärdera energieffektiviserings-paket. Resultaten används sedan som indata för modeller av fjärrvärmesy-stem där fjärrvärmeproduktionen kostnadsoptimeras. En fjärrvärme-systemsmodell används också för att utvärdera effekterna av sänkta fram-ledningstemperaturer. Resultaten från kostnadsoptimeringarna används för att sedan utvärdera effekterna på växthusgasutsläpp och primärenergian-vändning. Enligt resultaten bidrar alla energieffektiviseringspaket med att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser och primärenergianvändning, dock i olika utsträckning. Beroende på vilka bränsletyper som används och i vilken utsträckning som el produceras i fjärrvärmesystemet varierar resultaten för implementering av energieffektiviseringspaketen. Den största minskningen av växthusgasutsläpp och primärenergianvändning sker i ett fjärrvärmesystem med en hög andel biobränsle och ingen elproduktion. Ett annat resultat är att temperaturnivåerna i en byggnads värmesystem kan sänkas när den renoveras vilket främjar lågtemperaturfjärrvärme. Resultaten tyder också på att växthusgasutsläpp och primärenergianvändning kan minskas ur ett kort- och medellångt perspektiv om framledningstemperaturen för ett fjärrvärme-system sänks. Ur ett långsiktigt perspektiv minskar fortfarande primärenergi-användningen medan växthusgasutsläppen ökar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2020. p. 51
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 16
Keywords
building simulation, combined heat and power, district heating, domestic hot water, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emission, low-temperature, multi-family building, primary energy, refurbishment, byggnadsimulering, energieffektivitet, flerfamiljshus, fjärrvärme, kraftvärme, lågtemperatur, primärenergi, renovering, tappvarmvatten, växthusgas
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33940 (URN)978-91-88145-52-9 (ISBN)978-91-88145-53-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-11-06, 322, Röda vägen 3, Borlänge, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Knowledge Foundation, 20120273
Available from: 2020-10-19 Created: 2020-09-13 Last updated: 2021-02-17Bibliographically approved

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Lidberg, Tina

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