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Radio Channel Measurement in Industrial Indoor Environments at the 24 GHz ISM band: Path loss and Channel Fading
KTH, Teknisk informationsvetenskap.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8387-3779
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Electronics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5429-7223
KTH, Signaler, sensorer och system.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3599-5584
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands, ranging from 24 GHz to 100 GHz, are one of the candidate features of fifth generation mobile technology (5G). This article investigates the channel fading and path loss modeling in indoor industrial environments at the 24 GHz ISM band. The radio channel measurements were carried out to study the narrowband channel characteristics in three different industrial environments in Sweden. The measurements were conducted using an affordable but highly competent in-house assembled mmWavetestbed, reusing several radio instruments available in our lab. A comprehensive study is performed to investigate various radio channel propagation aspects, like the large scale fading, and the small scale fading. We examine the large scale fading with three different path loss models. The impact of the transmitter and receiver separation distance on the small scale fading is also investigated.

Keywords [en]
5G mobile communication, Millimeter wave propagation, 24 GHz, Industrial radio channel model, path loss, Rayleigh fading channel, Rician fading channel
National Category
Signal Processing Telecommunications Communication Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35232OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-35232DiVA, id: diva2:1526550
Available from: 2021-02-01 Created: 2021-02-08 Last updated: 2023-02-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Unraveling the potential of Wireless Sensors in the age of Industry 4.0
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unraveling the potential of Wireless Sensors in the age of Industry 4.0
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Human civilization is now staring at the fourth industrial revolution, where wireless technologies will play a pivotal role in its success. Wireless sensors’ role is also becoming more significant in the present day to facilitate industrial automation and manufacturing processes and address health, safety, and environmental concerns. However, wireless communication is primarily unreliable due to noise, interference, and channel fading. Several factors, like hardware quality of the sensors, imperfect calibration, harsh environment, and deployment locations, can also affect the sensors’ observation, which throws further challenges for information reliability and latency. These challenges must be addressed urgently for the success of Industry 4.0.

The scope of this Ph.D. research works is broadly divided into two research problems. The first research problem, this dissertation investigates, is how to retrieve and process the local detection of wireless sensors in critical industrial applications. Diversity techniques are known to improve the reliability of wireless communication. Therefore, various spatial diversity techniques using an antenna array with a large number of elements at the receiver are investigated first to find out the suitability of wireless communication for critical industrial applications. Moreover, in order to improve sensors’ detection performance, distributed detection methods are popularly used. This Ph.D.thesis proposes techniques and algorithms to transmit and fuse local decisions from non-identical wireless sensors, e.g., sensors with different detection capabilities. The fusion center utilizes the spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing based scheme to retrieve the sensors’ local decisions.

In order to design a reliable wireless communication system, it is highly desirable to understand the channel characteristics of the wireless medium. The second research problem this dissertation address is to characterize the radio propagation channel in one of the millimeter wave frequency bands. Millimeter wave wireless technologies bring several benefits, which can further revolutionize the industrial manufacturing and automation processes. In this.D. research work, the radio channel measurements were carried out at the24 GHz ISM band in various industrial environments within Gävle, Sweden, with the help of highly competent in-house assembled affordable testbeds. Several radio propagation aspects, like, the large scale fading, small scale fading, multipath propagation, and Doppler effect, are studied.

Abstract [sv]

Mänskligheten ser nu med tillförsikt fram emot den fjärde industriella revolutionen, där trådlös teknik kommer att spela en central roll i dess framgång. Trådlösa sensorer blir också allt viktigare för att underlätta industriell automatisering och tillverkningsprocesser men även hälsa, säkerhet och miljö. Tillförlitligheten hos trådlös kommunikation påverkas dock av brus, störningar och kanalfädning. Ytterligare faktorer, som sensorns hårdvarumässiga kvalitet, ofullständig kalibrering, tuff omgivande miljö och begränsade placeringsmöjligheter, kan också påverka sensorernas observation, vilket ger ytterligare utmaningar för latens och tillförlitlighet i informationsflödet. Dessa utmaningar måste hanteras snarast för att Industry 4.0 ska lyckas.

Innehållet i denna doktorsavhandling är generellt sett uppdelat i två forskningsfrågor. Den första forskningsfrågan som denna avhandling undersöker, är hur man kan hämta och bearbeta information från fristående lokala sensorer i kritiska industriella applikationer. Diversitetstekniker är kända för att förbättra tillförlitligheten hos trådlös kommunikation. Därför undersöks inledningsvis olika spatiella divsersitetstekniker med ett stort antal antennelement vid mottagaren för att ta reda på lämpligheten för trådlös kommunikation för kritiska industriella applikationer. För att förbättra sensorernas detekteringsprestanda används dessutom distribuerade detekteringsmetoder. Denna doktorsavhandling föreslår metoder och algoritmer för att överföra och kombinera lokala beslut från icke-identiska trådlösa sensorer, t.ex. sensorer med olika detekteringsfunktioner. Sensorernas lokala beslut samlas ihop med hjälp av spatiell diversitet eller multiplexering till ett centralt detektionsbeslutet

För att utforma ett pålitligt trådlöst kommunikationssystem är det nödvändigt att förstå kanalegenskaperna för den trådlösa miljön. Den andra forskningsfrågan, som denna avhandling behandlar, är att karakterisera radioutbredningskanaler i ett av frekvensbanden för millimetervågor. Trådlös kommunikation med millimetervågor ger flera fördelar, vilket kan revolutionera industriella tillverknings- och automatiseringsprocesser ytterligare. I denna doktorsavhandling utfördes radiokanalmätningarna vid 24 GHz i ISM-bandet vid olika industriella miljöer i Gävle, Sverige, med hjälp av prisvärda, internt designade, testbäddar baserade på högprestandainstrument. Flera radioutbredningsaspekter har studerats, så som flervägsutbredning, dopplereffekt samt storskalig och småskalig fädning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021
National Category
Signal Processing Telecommunications Communication Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35230 (URN)978-91-7873-775-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-02-26, 12:108 (Lilla Jadwigasalen), Högskolan i Gävle, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-02-15 Created: 2021-02-08 Last updated: 2023-02-17Bibliographically approved

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Panigrahi, Smruti RanjanBjörsell, Niclas

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