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A Statistical Approach to Estimate Thermal Performance and Energy Renovation of Multifamily Buildings: Case study on a Swedish city district
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6197-2669
2022 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Several climate and energy goals have been set in the European Union, one of them being to increase energy efficiency. In Sweden, a large potential for increased energy efficiency lies in the residential and service sectors, which account for about 40% of total energy use. A large share of buildings in Sweden were built in the Million Homes Program in the 1960s and ’70s. These buildings are now in need of renovation, which enables renovation with the ambition of reducing energy use. 

In this thesis, the purpose is to develop an energy signature method, a bottom-up statistical method. This method has been validated using a building energy simulation software called IDA ICE, for two kinds of multifamily buildings from the Million Homes Program. The energy signature method has then been applied to a district located in Gävle, Sweden, containing more than 90 multifamily buildings with similar construction. In addition to characterizing current thermal performance of the buildings, the energy signature method is further developed so that potential for energy renovation of the district can be simulated. Simulated energy renovation is developed to comply with building energy use requirements, according to the most recent Swedish building regulations. 

Both on building and district level, sensitivity analysis is performed. In both cases the energy signature method is insensitive to changes in internal heat gains and indoor temperature. To investigate the effects of simulated renovation on a local district heating system, results are visualized in a duration diagram, where energy use reduction in different load periods is displayed. Thus, it is demonstrated how the energy signature method can be used as a rapid way of simulating energy renovation on district level and with readily available data. 

Abstract [sv]

EU har beslutat om flera klimat- och energimål, bland annat att energi ska användas mer effektivt. I Sverige finns en stor potential för ökad energieffektivitet i bostads- och servicesektorn, som står för cirka 40 % av den totala energianvändningen. En stor av del Sveriges byggnadsbestånd består av miljonprogramsbyggnader från 1960- och 1970-talen. Dessa byggnader är i behov av renovering, vilket möjliggör ytterligare renovering med syfte att sänka energianvändningen.

Syftet med denna studie är att utveckla en energisignaturmetod, en ”bottom-up” statistisk metod. Metoden har validerats med byggnadsenergisimuleringsprogrammet, IDA ICE, för två typer av flerbostadshus från miljonprogrammet. Energisignaturmetoden har sedan applicerats på ett distrikt i Gävle som innehåller fler än 90 flerbostadshus med liknande konstruktion. Förutom att karakterisera byggnadernas nuvarande termiska prestanda, vidareutvecklas energisignaturmetoden så att även energirenovering kan simuleras. Denna metod utvecklas för att uppfylla Boverkets krav på byggnaders energianvändning, enligt gällande svenska byggnadsreglerna. 

Känslighetsanalys utförs både på byggnads- och distriktsnivå. I båda fallen visar sig energisignaturmetoden vara okänslig för förändringar i intern värmegenerering och inomhustemperatur. Effekterna av den simulerade renoveringen presenteras i ett varaktighetsdiagram, som visar de möjliga effekterna på ett lokalt fjärrvärmesystem. På detta sätt demonstreras hur energisignaturmetoden kan användas för att snabbt simulera energirenovering på distriktsnivå och med lättillgänglig data. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2022. , p. 46
Series
Licentiate thesis ; 14
Keywords [en]
energy signature, multifamily building, district heating, energy renovation, simulation, heat loss coefficient, balance temperature, base load
Keywords [sv]
energisignatur, flerbostadshus, fjärrvärme, energirenovering, simulering, värmeförlustkoefficient, balanstemperatur, baslast
National Category
Energy Systems
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-37490ISBN: 978-91-88145-85-7 (print)ISBN: 978-91-88145-86-4 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-37490DiVA, id: diva2:1625194
Presentation
2022-03-21, 13111, Högskolan i Gävle 801 76 Gävle, Gävle, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-02-24 Created: 2022-01-06 Last updated: 2022-02-24Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Development and validation of energy signature method – Case study on a multi-family building in Sweden before and after deep renovation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development and validation of energy signature method – Case study on a multi-family building in Sweden before and after deep renovation
2020 (English)In: Energy and Buildings, ISSN 0378-7788, E-ISSN 1872-6178, Vol. 210, article id 109756Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Building energy use constitutes a large part of total energy use, both in the European Union and Sweden. Due to this energy use, and the resulting emissions, several goals for energy efficiency and emissions have been set. In Sweden, a large portion of multi-family buildings were built between 1960 and 1980, which have major energy savings potential. The purpose of this paper is further development and validation of previously introduced energy signature method and its inherent parameters. The method was applied on a multi-family building where thermal energy data supplied by the district heating company was available before and after deep renovation. Using IDA ICE, a building energy simulation (BES) software model was created of the building, to aid in validation of the energy signature method. The paper highlighted the accuracy of the proposed energy signature (PES) method and a sensitivity analysis on the inherent parameters have been performed. The results showed new ways of treatment of the thermal energy data and revealed how more information can be extracted from this data.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020
Keywords
Energy signature method, Building energy simulation, Validation, Renovation, Multi-family building
National Category
Civil Engineering
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-31615 (URN)10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109756 (DOI)000517915800014 ()2-s2.0-85078159553 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-02-03 Created: 2020-02-03 Last updated: 2022-01-06Bibliographically approved
2. Investigating energy use in a city district in nordic climate using energy signature
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigating energy use in a city district in nordic climate using energy signature
2022 (English)In: Energies, E-ISSN 1996-1073, Vol. 15, no 5, article id 1907Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper focuses on multi-family buildings in a Swedish city district, erected between 1965 and 1973, which are now in need of renovation. For the two types of multi-family buildings in the district, tower buildings and low-rise buildings, dynamic energy use is predicted by using an energy signature method. The energy signature is then used to calculate the primary energy use number of the building stock, according to calculations methods dictated by Swedish building regulations. These regulations are also used to assess which multi-family buildings are in need of renovation, based on the buildings’ primary energy use. For buildings that need energy renovations, it is simulated so that the energy use of each multi-family building complies with these same building regulations. The proposed methodology for simulating energy renovation also determines new energy signature parameters, related to building heat loss coefficient, balance temperature and domestic hot water usage. The effects of simulated renovation are displayed in a duration diagram, revealing how a large-scale renovation affects the district’s heat load in different annual periods, which affects the local district heating system. Sensitivity analysis is also performed before and after simulated energy renovation. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
Energy signature method; district heating, district energy use; multi-family buildings; building stock; energy renovation
National Category
Energy Systems
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-37582 (URN)10.3390/en15051907 (DOI)000768471700001 ()2-s2.0-85128952183 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-01-06 Created: 2022-01-06 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved

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