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The significance of employee behaviours and soft management practices to avoid digital waste during a digital transformation
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
2023 (English)In: International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, ISSN 2040-4166, E-ISSN 2040-4174, Vol. 14, no 1, p. 1-32Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived effects between soft management practices, employee behaviours and the implementation of digital technologies in manufacturing plants, as well as how these relate to the emergence of digital waste.

Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses case-based research. Data was collected in two large manufacturing companies based in Norway and Sweden through semi-structured interviews with two management representatives and four shop-floor employees. The data was used to evaluate 29 variables describing lean- and total quality management (TQM)-associated employee behaviours and soft management practices, in light of digital transformation.

Findings: The results suggest that several variables were positively influenced by the digital transformation process. These were top management leadership, middle management involvement, employee education, corporate social responsibility focus, innovation, knowledge sharing, work-family balance, psychological capital, job satisfaction and career commitment. Training employees, creativity, discretionary effort, turnover intention and proactivity appear to be negatively influenced by digital transformation The findings also indicate that several soft management practices and employee behaviours were not only influenced by manufacturing digitalization but also themselves influenced the process. The potential for digital waste creation was also detected in several variables, including reward and recognition and training employees.

Practical implications: Managers, practitioners and academics may learn about the importance of certain managerial practices and employees’ behavioural needs during the digital transformation process. The findings may help in prioritizing TQM and soft lean management practices and certain employee behaviours during the digital transformation and in creating awareness of digital waste.

Originality/value: This study builds on several existing studies discussing the impact of digital transformation on soft management practices and employee behaviours. It provides insights from a lean and TQM angle and offers a means of prioritizing certain practices and behaviours during a digital transformation. This study also highlights the significance of digital waste. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Emerald , 2023. Vol. 14, no 1, p. 1-32
Keywords [en]
Digital transformation; Digital waste; Digitalization; Employee behavior; Lean management; Non-utilized talent; TQM
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-38198DOI: 10.1108/ijlss-07-2021-0127ISI: 000766095200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85125963032OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-38198DiVA, id: diva2:1645916
Available from: 2022-03-21 Created: 2022-03-21 Last updated: 2024-06-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Digital Waste – misjudged element of value stream in lean manufacturing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital Waste – misjudged element of value stream in lean manufacturing
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The increasing prevalence of digital technologies in manufacturing is aimed at enhancing and streamlining traditional lean processes. However, the rapid automation of manufacturing brings about challenges due to a limited understanding of production waste mechanisms by practitioners. There is growing concern about the potential emergence of digital waste as a result of the influence of digital technologies on lean manufacturing. This thesis aims to examine the role of digital waste within the overall waste in digitalized lean manufacturing, as well as the impact of technologies on lean waste and practices.

The thesis is driven by three research questions and comprises five papers that stem from five individual studies. The initial study explores the potential classification of uncollected and unprocessed data as a novel manifestation of Muda, or digital waste. The subsequent study seeks to assess the capability of implementing ERP at a supply chain level to amplify latent lean efficiencies within entities. Lastly, the third study delves into the perceived impacts of soft management practices, employee behaviors, the integration of digital technologies in manufacturing facilities, and their connection to the emergence of digital waste. The fourth study delves into the digital waste generated by companies with automated lean practices, while the fifth study explores the factors contributing to digital waste within the European manufacturing sector.

The findings uncover the existence of a novel type of waste, known as digital waste, which may originate from either the product itself or the production process. The findings reveal that the use of ERP technology has a significant impact on identifying hidden lean potential across three categories: unlocked hidden lean potential in an unconnected ERP system, unlocked hidden lean potential in a connected ERP system, and hidden lean potential in a shared ERP system. Furthermore, the study indicates that various aspects such as top management leadership, middle management involvement, employee education, corporate social responsibility focus, innovation, knowledge sharing, work-family balance, psychological capital, job satisfaction, and career commitment, which fall under soft lean management practices, are positively influenced by the digital transformation process. Conversely, soft lean management practices, such as employee training, creativity, discretionary effort, turnover intention, and proactivity, appear to be negatively impacted by digital transformation. Additionally, the final results suggest the existence of digital waste in supplier-related lean practices (specifically, automated JIT delivery) within product-oriented and service-oriented technologies, as well as in internally related lean practices (specifically, automated set-up) within process-oriented technologies. Furthermore, evidence of digital waste is observed in customer-related lean practices, particularly those involving digitally engaged customers, across product-, service-, and process-oriented technologies. Finally, the study reveals that a majority of European manufacturers collect and process data for multiple purposes.

The research presented in this thesis adds significant value to the ongoing discourse surrounding lean waste by engaging in a theoretical discussion of both physical and digital waste in the context of technological advancements. This thesis contributes to the discourse surrounding the automation of lean methodologies across product, process, and system domains, while also examining the influence of digital transformation on lean management practices. Furthermore, it investigates the role and consequences of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in lean production. In practical terms, the thesis validates the presence of a novel type of waste that can impact the cost management of manufactured products, fosters transparency for digital collaboration, and advocates for increased investment in technologies and specialized personnel to offer analytical services in conjunction with manufacturing products.

Abstract [sv]

Den ökande förekomsten av digital teknik inom tillverkningsindustrin avser att för-bättra och effektivisera traditionella leanprocesser. Den snabba automatiseringen av tillverkningsprocesserna medför utmaningar beroende på användarnas begränsade förståelse för mekanismerna bakom produktionsslöseriet. Det finns en växande oro för en potentiell uppkomst av digitalt slöseri som resultat av digital teknik i lean tillverkning. Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka förekomsten av digitalt slöseri i digitaliserad lean tillverkning, och teknikens inverkan på slöseri och metoder.

Avhandlingen omfattar tre forskningsfrågor och består av fem vetenskapliga artiklar, baserade på fem separata studier. Den första studien undersöker huruvida insamlade och obearbetade data kan betraktas som en ny form av slöseri kallad muda, eller digitalt spill eller slöseri. Den andra studien syftar till att utvärdera Enterprise Resource Planning System, (ERP). Det vill säga, implementeringsförmågan på försörjningskedjenivå för att kunna förbättra den dolda leanpotentialen hos olika enheter. Slutligen fördjupar den tredje studien de upplevda effekterna av mjuka ledningsmetoder, de anställdas beteende, integrationen av digital teknik i tillverkningsanläggningar och deras koppling till uppkomsten av digitalt slöseri. Den fjärde studien fördjupar sig i det digitala slöseri som genereras av företag med automatiserade lean-metoder, medan den femte studien utforskar de faktorer som bidrar till digitalt slöseri inom den europeiska tillverkningssektorn.

Resultaten avslöjar förekomsten av en ny typ av avfall, känd som digitalt avfall eller spill, som kan härröra antingen från själva produkten eller från produktionsprocessen. Resultaten visar att användningen av ERP-teknik har en betydande möjlighet att identifiera en dold lean potential i tre kategorier: olåst, dold lean potential i ett icke-uppkopplat affärssystem, olåst, dold lean potential i ett anslutet ERP-system och dold lean potential i ett delat ERP-system. Studien pekar vidare på att olika aspekter såsom ledarskapet i högsta ledningen, engagemanget från mellanchefer, medarbetarutbildning, fokus på företagens sociala ansvar, innovation, kunskapsdelning, balans mellan arbete och familj, psykologiskt kapital, arbetstillfredsställelse och karriärengagemang, som faller under mjukt lean ledarskapspraxis, påverkas positivt av den digitala transformationsprocessen. Omvänt tycks mjuk lean ledarskapspraxis, såsom utbildning av anställda, kreativitet, individuell prestation, ansträngning, personalomsättning och proaktivitet, påverkas negativt av digital transformation. Förutom detta tyder de slutliga resultaten på förekomsten av digitalt slöseri i leverantörsrelaterad lean praxis - särskilt automatiserad Just-In-Timeleverans - inom produkt- och tjänsteorienterade tekniker, såväl som i internt relaterad lean praxis, särskilt automatiserad installation inom processorienterade teknologier. Det finns också bevis på digitalt slöseri i kundrelaterad lean praxis, speciellt den som omfattar digitalt engagerade kunder, med produkt-, tjänste- och processorienterade tekniker.

Den forskning som presenteras i denna avhandling tillför viktig kunskap om leanslöseri genom sitt engagemang i en teoretisk diskussion om fysiskt och digitalt slöseri i samband med tekniska framsteg. Avhandlingen bidrar till diskursen kring automatisering av lean-metoder inom produkt-, process- och systemdomäner, samtidigt som inflytandet av digital transformation på lean managementpraxis behandlas. Dessutom undersöks rollen och konsekvenserna av ERP-system i lean produktion. Rent praktiskt validerar avhandlingen förekomsten av en ny typ av slöseri, som påverkar kostnadshanteringen för nytillverkade produkter.  Avhandlingen främjar också transparens för digitalt samarbete och ökade investeringar i teknik och specialiserad personal för att erbjuda analytiska tjänster i samband med tillverkning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2024. p. 94
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 49
Keywords
lean waste, Muda, digital waste, digital lean manufacturing, digital transfor-mation, lean automation, lean slöseri, muda, digitalt slöseri, digital lean tillverkning, digital transformation, lean automation
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-44392 (URN)978-91-89593-38-1 (ISBN)978-91-89593-39-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-09-03, 12:108, University of Gävle, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-08-09 Created: 2024-06-05 Last updated: 2024-08-09Bibliographically approved

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