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Managers’ and employees’ experiences of how managers’ wellbeing impacts their leadership behaviours in Swedish small businesses
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6897-1194
Linköpings universitet.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9722-178X
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0161-160x
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. EPIUnit–Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4415-7942
2023 (English)In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 75, no 1, p. 97-112Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND:There is a growing interest in managers’ wellbeing due to the observed associations between their wellbeing and leadership behaviours, and between leadership behaviours and employees’ wellbeing. However, it is still unclear how managers’ wellbeing influences their practiced leadership across different workplace contexts, which specific behaviours are affected, and how this varies across time.

OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was therefore to explore managers’ and employees’ experiences and perceptions regarding the consequences of managers’ wellbeing for their leadership behaviours in small businesses.

METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 participants (19 managers and 18 employees) working at 12 Swedish small firms, and analysed using content analysis.

RESULTS:The findings show that managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when unwell. Variations in managers’ wellbeing influenced their mood, energy level, and performance, as well as the company’s working climate. However, these destructive leadership variations did not have a substantial impact, because several protective factors were present.

CONCLUSION:This study shows that the wellbeing of managers in small businesses has perceptible consequences for their leadership behaviours. The study also shows that sustained leadership behaviours may coexist with temporary variations of these behaviours on a constructive-destructive continuum depending on the leader’s wellbeing. Overall, the findings contribute to a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of how the interaction between managers’ wellbeing and their behaviours unfolds in the particular context of small companies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press , 2023. Vol. 75, no 1, p. 97-112
Keywords [en]
SME; health; managerial behaviours; wellbeing
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-40705DOI: 10.3233/wor-220159ISI: 000989666900010PubMedID: 36591688Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85159784840OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-40705DiVA, id: diva2:1724293
Available from: 2023-01-05 Created: 2023-01-05 Last updated: 2024-01-31Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Managers’ Work, Working Conditions and Wellbeing in Small Companies with Profitable Growth
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Managers’ Work, Working Conditions and Wellbeing in Small Companies with Profitable Growth
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background Managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing are important determinants of occupational health in organizations. Nevertheless, little research has investigated these factors in the context of small growing businesses, which are known to contribute to employment, economic growth and social stability. The aim of this thesis was to explore managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing in the context of small businesses with profitable growth. 

Methods Study I used a cross-sectional design to assess patterns in managerial work activities and leadership behaviours. Studies II–IV used qualitative interviews with managers (II–IV) and employees (II) to explore the effects of managers’ wellbeing on their leadership (II), their working conditions (III), and changes in their working conditions and wellbeing in the context of growing small businesses (IV).

Results Managers worked long hours, posing risks for occupational health, but also adopted work practices that bolster occupational health. Firm size matters for managerial work. Managers’ wellbeing reflected in their mood and energy levels and influenced their leadership behaviours and performance, and the company’s work environment. Managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when they felt unwell. Certain factors mitigated the consequences of their negative behaviours in the organization. Five types of managers’ demands and resources (daily managerial work; achievement of results; and social; organizational; and individual factors) were identified, where the specificity of the small business context revealed unique characteristics. Company growth changed managers’ experiences of working conditions and wellbeing.

Conclusions The specific context of small growing businesses shaped managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing and the interplay between them. Dynamism in the organizational context due to growth had implications for managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing.

Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund Chefers arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande är viktiga faktorer som påverkar arbetshälsan inom organisationer. Trots detta finns det begränsad forskning om dessa faktorer hos små växande företag. Denna kontext är viktig eftersom dessa företag bidrar till sysselsättning, ekonomisk tillväxt och social stabilitet. Syftet med denna avhandling var att utforska chefers arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande i kontexten av små företag med lönsam tillväxt.

Metod Studie I var en tvärsnittsundersökning för att utforska mönster i chefsarbete och ledarbeteende. Studie II–IV hade en kvalitativ design och baserades på semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer (II–IV) och anställda (II) för att undersöka konsekvenserna av chefers välbefinnande för ledarskap (II), chefernas arbetsvillkor (III) och förändringar i chefers arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande i växande små företag (IV).

Resultat Chefer arbetar långa timmar, vilket innebär risker för arbetshälsa, men de använder också arbetsmetoder som främjar arbetshälsa. Företagsstorlek spelar roll för chefsarbetet. Chefers välbefinnande återspeglades i deras humör och energinivåer och påverkade deras ledarbeteende, prestation och företagets sociala klimat. Chefer var mer konstruktiva när de mådde bra och mer passivt destruktiva när de mådde sämre. Vissa faktorer kunde mildra konsekvenserna av negativa beteenden inom organisationen. Fem grupper av krav och resurser för chefer (dagligt chefsarbete, måluppfyllelse, sociala, organisatoriska och individuella faktorer) identifierades, där småföretagskontextens specificitet visade unika drag. Chefer upplevde förändringar i sina arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande över tid på grund av företagstillväxt.

Slutsats Den specifika kontexten av små växande företag formade chefernas arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande samt också samspelet mellan dessa. Dynamiken i organisationskontexten på grund av företagstillväxt hade konsekvenser för chefernas arbete, arbetsvillkor och välbefinnande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2024. p. 71
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 43
Keywords
small businesses, business growth, managers, wellbeing, psychosocial working conditions, managerial work activities, leadership behaviours, job demands, job resources, occupational health, små företag, företagstillväxt, chefer, välbefinnande, psykosociala arbetsvillkor, chefsarbetsaktiviteter, ledarbeteende, arbetskrav, arbetsresurser, arbetsmiljö
National Category
Business Administration Health Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-43706 (URN)978-91-89593-25-1 (ISBN)978-91-89593-26-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-03-27, 23:213, Högskolan i Gävle, Gävle, 10:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-03-06 Created: 2024-01-31 Last updated: 2024-03-06Bibliographically approved

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Ahmadi, ElenaBergström, GunnarMacassa, Gloria

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