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The Significance of Digital Waste in the Automation of Lean Practices
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
SINTEF Manufacturing AS, Horten, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7224-2306
2023 (English)In: Quality Management Journal, ISSN 1068-6967, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 121-134Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Lean manufacturing has experienced massive changes under the influence of Industry 4.0 as the automation of lean practices has become common among manufacturing companies in many countries and across different industries. Automating lean practices promises several opportunities for growth and competitiveness. One of the acknowledged key advantages of lean automation has been the significant reduction of waste. Meanwhile, there is also discussion of a new form of waste: digital waste. However, do companies consider digital waste a part of production waste? It is also unclear if the automation of lean practices is a trigger for digital waste with a negative impact on value creation. This paper aims to investigate companies with automated lean practices and the digital waste generated by these practices. The research is based on three case studies of manufacturing companies based in Sweden. The originality of the study identifies and highlights the significance of various forms of digital waste, which is of academic and practical relevance. The study indicates that there is digital waste in supplier-related lean practice—automated JIT delivery—specifically in product-oriented and service-oriented technologies. There is digital waste in internally related lean practice—automated set-up—specifically in process-oriented technologies. Finally, there is digital waste in customer-related lean practice—digitally involved customers—in product-, service-, and process-oriented technologies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis , 2023. Vol. 30, no 2, p. 121-134
Keywords [en]
automation; digital waste; digitalization; lean
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-41131DOI: 10.1080/10686967.2023.2171323ISI: 001293022300004Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85148371646OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-41131DiVA, id: diva2:1741506
Available from: 2023-03-06 Created: 2023-03-06 Last updated: 2024-09-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Digital Waste – misjudged element of value stream in lean manufacturing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital Waste – misjudged element of value stream in lean manufacturing
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The increasing prevalence of digital technologies in manufacturing is aimed at enhancing and streamlining traditional lean processes. However, the rapid automation of manufacturing brings about challenges due to a limited understanding of production waste mechanisms by practitioners. There is growing concern about the potential emergence of digital waste as a result of the influence of digital technologies on lean manufacturing. This thesis aims to examine the role of digital waste within the overall waste in digitalized lean manufacturing, as well as the impact of technologies on lean waste and practices.

The thesis is driven by three research questions and comprises five papers that stem from five individual studies. The initial study explores the potential classification of uncollected and unprocessed data as a novel manifestation of Muda, or digital waste. The subsequent study seeks to assess the capability of implementing ERP at a supply chain level to amplify latent lean efficiencies within entities. Lastly, the third study delves into the perceived impacts of soft management practices, employee behaviors, the integration of digital technologies in manufacturing facilities, and their connection to the emergence of digital waste. The fourth study delves into the digital waste generated by companies with automated lean practices, while the fifth study explores the factors contributing to digital waste within the European manufacturing sector.

The findings uncover the existence of a novel type of waste, known as digital waste, which may originate from either the product itself or the production process. The findings reveal that the use of ERP technology has a significant impact on identifying hidden lean potential across three categories: unlocked hidden lean potential in an unconnected ERP system, unlocked hidden lean potential in a connected ERP system, and hidden lean potential in a shared ERP system. Furthermore, the study indicates that various aspects such as top management leadership, middle management involvement, employee education, corporate social responsibility focus, innovation, knowledge sharing, work-family balance, psychological capital, job satisfaction, and career commitment, which fall under soft lean management practices, are positively influenced by the digital transformation process. Conversely, soft lean management practices, such as employee training, creativity, discretionary effort, turnover intention, and proactivity, appear to be negatively impacted by digital transformation. Additionally, the final results suggest the existence of digital waste in supplier-related lean practices (specifically, automated JIT delivery) within product-oriented and service-oriented technologies, as well as in internally related lean practices (specifically, automated set-up) within process-oriented technologies. Furthermore, evidence of digital waste is observed in customer-related lean practices, particularly those involving digitally engaged customers, across product-, service-, and process-oriented technologies. Finally, the study reveals that a majority of European manufacturers collect and process data for multiple purposes.

The research presented in this thesis adds significant value to the ongoing discourse surrounding lean waste by engaging in a theoretical discussion of both physical and digital waste in the context of technological advancements. This thesis contributes to the discourse surrounding the automation of lean methodologies across product, process, and system domains, while also examining the influence of digital transformation on lean management practices. Furthermore, it investigates the role and consequences of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in lean production. In practical terms, the thesis validates the presence of a novel type of waste that can impact the cost management of manufactured products, fosters transparency for digital collaboration, and advocates for increased investment in technologies and specialized personnel to offer analytical services in conjunction with manufacturing products.

Abstract [sv]

Den ökande förekomsten av digital teknik inom tillverkningsindustrin avser att för-bättra och effektivisera traditionella leanprocesser. Den snabba automatiseringen av tillverkningsprocesserna medför utmaningar beroende på användarnas begränsade förståelse för mekanismerna bakom produktionsslöseriet. Det finns en växande oro för en potentiell uppkomst av digitalt slöseri som resultat av digital teknik i lean tillverkning. Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka förekomsten av digitalt slöseri i digitaliserad lean tillverkning, och teknikens inverkan på slöseri och metoder.

Avhandlingen omfattar tre forskningsfrågor och består av fem vetenskapliga artiklar, baserade på fem separata studier. Den första studien undersöker huruvida insamlade och obearbetade data kan betraktas som en ny form av slöseri kallad muda, eller digitalt spill eller slöseri. Den andra studien syftar till att utvärdera Enterprise Resource Planning System, (ERP). Det vill säga, implementeringsförmågan på försörjningskedjenivå för att kunna förbättra den dolda leanpotentialen hos olika enheter. Slutligen fördjupar den tredje studien de upplevda effekterna av mjuka ledningsmetoder, de anställdas beteende, integrationen av digital teknik i tillverkningsanläggningar och deras koppling till uppkomsten av digitalt slöseri. Den fjärde studien fördjupar sig i det digitala slöseri som genereras av företag med automatiserade lean-metoder, medan den femte studien utforskar de faktorer som bidrar till digitalt slöseri inom den europeiska tillverkningssektorn.

Resultaten avslöjar förekomsten av en ny typ av avfall, känd som digitalt avfall eller spill, som kan härröra antingen från själva produkten eller från produktionsprocessen. Resultaten visar att användningen av ERP-teknik har en betydande möjlighet att identifiera en dold lean potential i tre kategorier: olåst, dold lean potential i ett icke-uppkopplat affärssystem, olåst, dold lean potential i ett anslutet ERP-system och dold lean potential i ett delat ERP-system. Studien pekar vidare på att olika aspekter såsom ledarskapet i högsta ledningen, engagemanget från mellanchefer, medarbetarutbildning, fokus på företagens sociala ansvar, innovation, kunskapsdelning, balans mellan arbete och familj, psykologiskt kapital, arbetstillfredsställelse och karriärengagemang, som faller under mjukt lean ledarskapspraxis, påverkas positivt av den digitala transformationsprocessen. Omvänt tycks mjuk lean ledarskapspraxis, såsom utbildning av anställda, kreativitet, individuell prestation, ansträngning, personalomsättning och proaktivitet, påverkas negativt av digital transformation. Förutom detta tyder de slutliga resultaten på förekomsten av digitalt slöseri i leverantörsrelaterad lean praxis - särskilt automatiserad Just-In-Timeleverans - inom produkt- och tjänsteorienterade tekniker, såväl som i internt relaterad lean praxis, särskilt automatiserad installation inom processorienterade teknologier. Det finns också bevis på digitalt slöseri i kundrelaterad lean praxis, speciellt den som omfattar digitalt engagerade kunder, med produkt-, tjänste- och processorienterade tekniker.

Den forskning som presenteras i denna avhandling tillför viktig kunskap om leanslöseri genom sitt engagemang i en teoretisk diskussion om fysiskt och digitalt slöseri i samband med tekniska framsteg. Avhandlingen bidrar till diskursen kring automatisering av lean-metoder inom produkt-, process- och systemdomäner, samtidigt som inflytandet av digital transformation på lean managementpraxis behandlas. Dessutom undersöks rollen och konsekvenserna av ERP-system i lean produktion. Rent praktiskt validerar avhandlingen förekomsten av en ny typ av slöseri, som påverkar kostnadshanteringen för nytillverkade produkter.  Avhandlingen främjar också transparens för digitalt samarbete och ökade investeringar i teknik och specialiserad personal för att erbjuda analytiska tjänster i samband med tillverkning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2024. p. 94
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 49
Keywords
lean waste, Muda, digital waste, digital lean manufacturing, digital transfor-mation, lean automation, lean slöseri, muda, digitalt slöseri, digital lean tillverkning, digital transformation, lean automation
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-44392 (URN)978-91-89593-38-1 (ISBN)978-91-89593-39-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-09-03, 12:108, University of Gävle, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-08-09 Created: 2024-06-05 Last updated: 2024-08-09Bibliographically approved

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