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A Comparison of Pointwise and Levelling Assisted Regional Realisations of IHRS with a Case Study over Sweden
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences. Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantmäteriet, Gävle, Sweden.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences. Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantmäteriet, Gävle, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0602-142X
Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantmäteriet, Gävle, Sweden.
2023 (English)In: International Association of Geodesy Symposia / [ed] Jeffrey T Freymueller, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2023, p. 3-9Chapter in book (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The International Height Reference System (IHRS) was defined by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in 2015. The global International Height Reference Frame (IHRF) should provide access to the IHRS in a broad sense. To provide high accuracy local access, regional (or national) realisations will also be needed. This study aims at evaluating different approaches to compute a denser regional realisation of IHRS in case a high accuracy levelling network is available. Using Sweden as a case study region, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and geoid based pointwise realisation is compared with three types of levelling assisted realisations. The latter are made by applying least squares adjustments of the precise levelling observations with fixed potential value(s) from either the global IHRF station in Sweden or the pointwise potentials of a larger number of stations. It is concluded that making a minimum constraint adjustment with one station fixed is not the best option. It is favourable to fix a reasonable number of pointwise stations at an internal distance over which the relative uncertainty of levelling is significantly lower than the relative uncertainty of the pointwise solution. The investigation is made using levelling data from the third precise levelling of Sweden, the NKG2015 quasigeoid model and the NKG2016LU postglacial land uplift model.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2023. p. 3-9
Series
International Association of Geodesy Symposia, ISSN 0939-9585, E-ISSN 2197-9359
Keywords [en]
GNSS, Height datum unification, IHRF densification, International height reference frame, Precise levelling
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-43346DOI: 10.1007/1345_2023_225Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85200654684OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-43346DiVA, id: diva2:1815669
Conference
International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems 2022, Austin, Texas USA, September 12-14, 2022
Available from: 2023-11-29 Created: 2023-11-29 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Regional realisations of IHRS, the International Height Reference System
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Regional realisations of IHRS, the International Height Reference System
2024 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Regionala realiseringar av IHRS, det internationella höjdsystemet
Abstract [en]

A common global vertical reference frame for physical heights is essential in many applications, but an equivalent to the three-dimensional International Terrestrial Reference System has until recently been lacking for physical heights. The International Height Reference System, IHRS, was defined in 2015. It will be realised by the International Height Reference Frame, IHRF, on the global level by a sparse core reference network. To ensure local access and enable optimum height datum unification, adopted regional or national realisations (or densifications) are required. This thesis explores regional and national realisations of IHRS, employing both the standard pointwise methodology as well as levelling assisted approaches. Levelling observations have the potential to improve pointwise IHRS realisations. The thesis studies a regional levelling network that is adjusted with respect to an initial pointwise IHRS realisation using different approaches. The evaluation of these solutions is based on the resulting geopotential numbers and their estimated standard uncertainties. It is shown that including levelling observations in the IHRS realisation process might lead to significant improvements. It is recommended to employ a weighted adjustment of pointwise geopotential numbers and levelling observations, and to utilise variance component estimation as a tool to estimate a priori uncertainties. With a comparison to the Swedish levelling based realisation of the European Vertical Reference System, RH 2000, differences in the definitions of reference systems are explored. Corrections related to known effects, such as permanent tide concepts, postglacial land uplift epoch and zero level, are here considered. It is shown that the differences in the obtained geopotential numbers can be explained to rather large extent by these corrections. Finally, the thesis discusses how national and regional realisations of IHRS should be interpreted with respect to the global realisation.

Abstract [sv]

Globala referenssystem i höjd är grundläggande för många tillämpningar, dock har det, för fysikaliska höjder, hittills saknats en motsvarighet till det tredimensionella internationella referenssystemet, ITRS. Det internationella höjdsystemet, IHRS (International Height Reference System), som definierades 2015 kommer att realiseras av IHRF (International Height Reference Frame) som på global nivå kommer att bestå av ett glest nätverk av referensstationer. För att tillgodose behovet av lokal tillgänglighet och för att möjliggöra enhetliga höjdsystem krävs komplettering i form av regionala eller nationella realiseringar (eller förtätningar). Denna avhandling undersöker regionala och nationella IHRS-realiseringar både enligt den föreskrivna metodiken, punktvis realisering, och genom att inkludera avvägningsobservationer i realiseringen av IHRS. Avhandlingen studerar, genom olika ansatser, hur ett regionalt nät av avvägningsobservationer kan utjämnas i förhållande till en punktvis IHRS realisering. Utvärderingen av dessa lösningar baseras på de utjämnade geopotentialtalen och deras skattade standardosäkerheter. Resultaten visar att avvägningsobservationerna i IHRS-realiseringen kan bidra till signifikanta förbättringar. Det rekommenderas att använda viktad utjämning av de punktvisa geopotentialtalen och avvägningsobervationerna, samt att nyttja varianskomponentskattning för att uppskatta a priori-osäkerheter. Genom en jämförelse med det svenska höjdsystemet, RH 2000, undersöks definitionsmässiga skillnader mellan referenssystemen. Korrektioner relaterade till kända systemskillnader såsom tidjordssystem, landhöjningsepok och nollnivå beaktas. Resultaten visar att skillnader mellan erhållna geopotentialtal i de olika höjdsystemen till stor del kan hanteras genom att applicera dessa korrektioner. Slutligen behandlar avhandlingen hur regionala och nationella realiseringar av IHRS bör hanteras i förhållande till den globala realiseringen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2024. p. 29
Series
Licentiate thesis ; 19
Keywords
Height datum unification, height reference frame, height reference system, IHRF, IHRS, precise levelling, Enhetliga höjdsystem, IHRS, IHRF, höjdsystem, precisionsavvägning
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-45204 (URN)978-91-89593-42-8 (ISBN)978-91-89593-43-5 (ISBN)
Presentation
2024-09-27, 99:132, Högskolan i Gävle, Gävle, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-09-02 Created: 2024-07-09 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved

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Alfredsson, AndersÅgren, Jonas

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