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Sustainable Renovation Practices in Decision-Making for Multi-Family Buildings
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4401-6736
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9076-0801
Dalarna University.
2025 (English)In: Smart Cities, E-ISSN 2624-6511, Vol. 8, no 2, article id 63Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Energy-efficient renovation of the existing building stock is essential for achieving the ambitious sustainability goals set by the European Commission for 2030. However, implementing sustainable renovation has proven challenging, as numerous studies have concluded. Multi-family buildings are a significant part of Sweden's building stock and require renovations to meet energy efficiency standards. This study aims to provide an overview of sustainable renovation practices in Sweden's multi-family buildings. A semi-open structured questionnaire was developed to examine the adoption of these practices, with data collected from 11 housing companies. The responses reveal that Swedish housing companies are well aware of the three key aspects of sustainability and actively consider them in their renovation projects. Notably, specific energy use and investment costs are the most commonly used methods for evaluating the environmental and economic aspects, respectively. However, there is a lack of a common method for assessing the social aspects of renovation projects. Additionally, this study highlights the need for standardized decision-making tools in multi-family building renovations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI , 2025. Vol. 8, no 2, article id 63
Keywords [en]
multi-family buildings; renovation projects; sustainable renovation; decision-making tool; social sustainability
National Category
Construction Management
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46783DOI: 10.3390/smartcities8020063ISI: 001475827700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105003475107OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-46783DiVA, id: diva2:1952720
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 40811-2Available from: 2025-04-16 Created: 2025-04-16 Last updated: 2025-05-08Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Enhancing the Decision-Making Process for Sustainable Renovation of Multifamily Buildings
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing the Decision-Making Process for Sustainable Renovation of Multifamily Buildings
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Energy-efficient renovation of existing buildings has become a strategic priority for the European Union (EU) as part of its broader sustainability agenda. A key target is to achieve energy-efficient renovations in at least 3% of the EU building stock annually, with a strong focus on reducing energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and life cycle costs. To meet these goals, renovation efforts must adopt a holistic and integrated design approach that considers economic, social, and ecological dimensions of sustainability.

This work aims to enhance the decision-making process for sustainable renovation of district-heated multifamily buildings, with a focus on evaluating and selecting the most suitable renovation alternatives. This work provides a structured framework for evaluating and selecting the most suitable renovation alternatives. It presents a framework for both economic and environmental assessment of various renovation scenarios, considering the building perspective as well as the broader urban energy system perspective.

As a case study, the research examines a pilot renovation project involving several similar district-heated multifamily buildings, each equipped with different HVAC systems. The systems evaluated include: (1) exhaust ventilation, (2) mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, (3) exhaust ventilation with an exhaust air heat pump, and (4) combinations of exhaust ventilation with an exhaust air heat pump with photovoltaic (PV) panels. The findings indicate that there is no single optimal renovation scenario when viewed from both the building and urban energy system perspectives.

Furthermore, this work introduces a mathematical model based on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), designed to support stakeholders in identifying alternatives aligned with their specific priorities, such as budget limitations, energy performance goals, and sustainability values, by systematically weighing various criteria.

Finally, a survey conducted among Swedish housing companies revealed a high level of awareness and engagement with sustainable renovation practices. While economic and environmental aspects are commonly assessed using specific metrics, the findings highlight a lack of standardized methods for evaluating social impacts, and emphasizes the urgent need for decision-making tools to guide future renovation projects in a sustainable direction.

Abstract [sv]

Energieffektiv renovering av befintliga byggnader har blivit en strategisk prioritet för Europeiska unionen (EU) som en del av dess bredare hållbarhetsagenda. Ett centralt mål är att uppnå energieffektiv renovering av minst 3 % av EU:s byggnadsbestånd årligen, med starkt fokus på att minska energianvändning, växthusgasutsläpp och livscykelkostnader. För att nå dessa mål måste renoveringsinsatser tillämpa en holistisk och integrerad designstrategi som tar hänsyn till ekonomiska, sociala och ekologiska hållbarhetsaspekter.

Detta arbete syftar till att förbättra beslutsprocessen för hållbar renovering av fjärrvärmda flerbostadshus, med fokus på att utvärdera och välja de mest lämpliga renoveringsalternativen. Arbetet presenterar en strukturerad ram för ekonomisk och miljömässig utvärdering av olika renoveringsscenarier, med hänsyn till både byggnadsnivå och det bredare urbana energisystemet.

Som fallstudie undersöks ett pilotprojekt där flera liknande fjärrvärmda flerbostadshus renoverats med olika ventilationssystem. De utvärderade systemen inkluderar: (1) frånluftsventilation med tryckstyrning, (2) mekanisk ventilation med värmeåtervinning, (3) frånluftsvärmepump samt (4) kombinationer av frånluftsvärmepump med solcellspaneler (PV). Resultaten visar att det inte finns något enskilt optimalt renoveringsalternativ som är bäst ur både byggnads- och energisystemperspektiv.

Vidare introducerar arbetet en matematisk modell baserad på Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), utformad för att stödja intressenter i att identifiera renoveringsalternativ som stämmer överens med deras specifika prioriteringar, såsom budgetbegränsningar, energiprestanda och hållbarhetsmål, genom att systematiskt väga olika kriterier mot varandra.

Slutligen visar en enkätundersökning bland svenska bostadsbolag att det finns en hög medvetenhet och ett aktivt engagemang i hållbara renoveringspraxis. Ekonomiska och miljömässiga aspekter utvärderas ofta med hjälp av specifika nyckeltal, men studien pekar på en brist på standardiserade metoder för att bedöma de sociala effekterna av renoveringsprojekt. Detta understryker behovet av heltäckande och enhetliga beslutsstödsverktyg för att vägleda framtida renoveringsprojekt i en hållbar riktning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2025. p. 76
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 62
Keywords
multi-family buildings, renovation projects, sustainable renovation, decision-making tool, social sustainability, life cycle cost, life cycle assessment, flerbostadshus, flerfamiljshus, renoveringsprojekt, hållbar renovering, beslutsstödsverktyg, social hållbarhet, livscykelkostnad, livscykelanalys
National Category
Building Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46738 (URN)978-91-89593-66-4 (ISBN)978-91-89593-67-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-06-10, B101, Borlänge, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2025-05-16 Created: 2025-04-09 Last updated: 2025-05-16

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Khadra, AlaaAkander, Jan

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