These two booklets are structured as Volumes 1 & 2. The working team responsible for researching and writing them come from five member states within the European Union: Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, Spain & Sweden. This book explores which specific competencies in Citizenship Education and Identity might be included in 1st & 2nd cycle courses that educate/train professionals who will work with children/young people. A secondary aspect of the booklets was to show how the ‘Tuning Principles’1 could be applied to develop Specific Competencies for undergraduate and graduate cycle programmes that relate to Citizenship Education & Identity with respect to young people. Volume One takes a wider, theoretical and more sociological perspective primarily relating to the Bologna Process and the Tuning Principles in a European and National context. It also examines the broader concepts of Teacher Education relating to Citizenship and Identity.