In China, the energy technology is the fundamental technology which plays a significant role in China’s boost. Currently, China’s energy technology is in a high-speed development and transformation period when great opportunities and challenges are existing in optimization of energy structure and new energy technology development. In this paper, the achievement the China has obtained in recent years in this area as well as the forthcoming challenges are expounded in four aspects—the basic environment of China’s energy development, development of China’s energy technology, challenges encountered by China’s energy technology development and the system innovation in the energy technology development.