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Investigation in the near-field of a row of interacting jets
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system. Division of Energy Systems, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system. Division of Energy Systems, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3472-4210
2015 (English)In: Journal of Fluids Engineering, ISSN 0098-2202, E-ISSN 1528-901X, Vol. 137, no 12, article id 121202Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Multiple interacting jets (confluent jets) are employed in many engineering applications, and the significant design factors must be investigated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to numerically predict the flow field in the proximal region of a single row of round jets. The numerical results that are obtained when using the low Reynolds k-∈ are validated with the experimental data that are acquired by particle image velocimetry (PIV). PIV was used to measure mean velocity and turbulence properties in the proximal region of a row of six parallel coplanar round air jets with equidistant spacing at low Reynolds number (Re = 3290). The low Reynolds k-∈ underpredicts the streamwise velocity in the onset of the jets' decay. The characteristic points are determined for various regions between two neighboring jets. The comparison of the merging point (MP) and the combined point (CP) computed from measurements and simulations shows good agreement in the different regions between the jets. In this study, a computational parametric study is also conducted to determine the main effects of three design factors and the interactions between them on the flow field development using response surface method (RSM). The influences of the inlet velocity, the spacing between the nozzles, and the diameter of the nozzles on the locations of the characteristic points are presented in the form of correlations (regression equations). CFD is used to numerically predict the characteristic points for a set of required studies, for which the design values of the simulation cases are determined by the Box-Behnken method. The results indicate that the spacing between the nozzles has a major impact on the flow characteristics in the near-field region of multiple interacting jets. The RSM shows that the inlet velocity has a marginal effect on the merging and CPs. All of the square terms are removed from the response equations of MP, and only one two-way interaction term between inlet velocity and spacing remains in the regression model with a marginal effect. The square of the nozzle diameter contributes in the regression equations of CP in some regions between the jets.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2015. Vol. 137, no 12, article id 121202
Keywords [en]
Multiple interacting jets, confluent jets, axisymmetric jet, Low Reynolds number jet, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Low Reynolds k — ε, Response Surface Method
National Category
Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18838DOI: 10.1115/1.4031014ISI: 000364791500010Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84939818106OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-18838DiVA, id: diva2:782952
Available from: 2015-01-13 Created: 2015-01-23 Last updated: 2022-02-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Near-Field Study of Multiple Interacting Jets: Confluent Jets
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Near-Field Study of Multiple Interacting Jets: Confluent Jets
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis deals with the near-field of confluent jets, which can be of interest in many engineering applications such as design of a ventilation supply device. The physical effect of interaction between multiple closely spaced jets is studied using experimental and numerical methods. The primary aim of this study is to explore a better understanding of flow and turbulence behavior of multiple interacting jets. The main goal is to gain an insight into the confluence of jets occurring in the near-field of multiple interacting jets.

The array of multiple interacting jets is studied when they are placed on a flat and a curved surface. To obtain the boundary conditions at the nozzle exits of the confluent jets on a curved surface, the results of numerical prediction of a cylindrical air supply device using two turbulence models (realizable  and Reynolds stress model) are validated with hot-wire anemometry (HWA) near different nozzles discharge in the array. A single round jet is then studied to find the appropriate turbulence models for the prediction of the three-dimensional flow field and to gain an understanding of the effect of the boundary conditions predicted at the nozzle inlet. In comparison with HWA measurements, the turbulence models with low Reynolds correction ( −  and shear stress transport [SST]  − ) give reasonable flow predictions for the single round jet with the prescribed inlet boundary conditions, while the transition models ( −  and transition SST ) are unable to predict the flow in the turbulent region. The results of numerical prediction (low Reynolds SST model) using the prescribed inlet boundary conditions agree well with the HWA measurement in the nearfield of confluent jets on a curved surface, except in the merging region.

Instantaneous velocity measurements are performed by laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) in two different configurations, a single row of parallel coplanar jets and an inline array of jets on a flat surface. The results of LDA and PIV are compared, which exhibit good agreement except near the nozzle exits.

The streamwise velocity profile of the jets in the initial region shows a saddle back shape with attenuated turbulence in the core region and two off-centered narrow peaks. When confluent jets issue from an array of closely spaced nozzles, they may converge, merge, and combine after a certain distance downstream of the nozzle edge. The deflection plays a salient role for the multiple interacting jets (except in the single row configuration), where all the jets are converged towards the center of the array. The jet position, such as central, side and corner jets, significantly influences the development features of the jets, such as velocity decay and lateral displacement. The flow field of confluent jets exhibits asymmetrical distributions of Reynolds stresses around the axis of the jets and highly anisotropic turbulence. The velocity decays slower in the combined regio  of confluent jets than a single jet. Using the response surface methodology, the correlations between characteristic points (merging and combined points) and the statistically significant terms of the three design factors (inlet velocity, spacing between the nozzles and diameter of the nozzles) are determined for the single row of coplanar parallel jets. The computational parametric study of the single row configuration shows that spacing has the greatest impact on the near-field characteristics.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2015. p. 125
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1639
Keywords
Multiple interacting jets, confluent jets, axisymmetric/round jet, Low Reynolds number jet, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), Hot-Wire anemometry (HWA), RANS turbulence models, SST −, Low Reynolds −, Response Surface Method
National Category
Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18837 (URN)978-91-7519-161-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-02-06, C3, C-huset, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Supervisors
Available from: 2015-01-23 Created: 2015-01-23 Last updated: 2018-03-13Bibliographically approved

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Ghahremanian, ShahriarMoshfegh, Bahram

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