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Sällskapsdjurs påverkan av barn med autismspektrumtillstånd: En litteraturstudie
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
2015 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: I Sverige har cirka 95000 människor någon form av autismspektrumtillstånd. Autismspektrumtillstånd är en kognitiv funktionsnedsättning där problem som kommunikation, sociala samspel och föreställningsförmåga kan uppstå. Djur i vården påverkar positivt på människans hälsa. Djurunderstödda interventioner är aktiviteter eller terapiformer som sjuksköterskan kan använda vid omvårdnad av barn med autismspektrumtillstånd. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sällskapsdjur påverkar samt upplevs påverka barn med autismspektrumtillstånd. Dessutom var syftet att beskriva hur barnets familj upplever påverkan av sällskapsdjur. Vidare var syftet att beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas datainsamlingsmetod. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar varav två med kvalitativ ansats och åtta med kvantitativ ansats. Huvudresultat: Sammanställning av artiklarna resulterade i fyra teman: social funktion, inlärning och kommunikation, psykisk hälsa samt fysisk hälsa. Förbättringar kunde ses vid djurunderstödda interventioner som hästterapi eller kontakt med hund. Hundar upplevdes kunna fungera som en distraktion samt inge lugn till barnen, liksom upplevdes öka trygghet för familjen. Autistiska symtom minskade signifikant, liksom antalet vredesutbrott, ilska och ångest upplevdes minska. Uppmärksamhet, social funktion, motorik, samt social och fysisk motivation förbättrades. Ridterapi ökade även den sociala interaktionen mellan förälder och barn. Enkäter och beteendeskalor var de mest framträdande datainsamlingsmetoderna i artiklarna. Slutsats: Djurunderstödda interventioner har visat ge positiv påverkan hos barn med autismspektrumtillstånd, liksom hjälpt familjen till en mer hållbar vardag. Antalet vetenskapliga studier är begränsat, varav ytterligare forskning krävs för en god evidens inom området.

Abstract [en]

Background: In Sweden there are around 95,000 people who have some form of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Autism Spectrum Disorder itself, is a cognitive disability where problems can occur in such areas as communication, social interactions and detached imaginations. Animal assisted therapy has shown positive effects in human health care. Animal assisted treatments, in the form of an activity or therapy is a way for nurses to treat children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Aim: First to describe both the perceived and measured affects of animal assisted therapy on children with Austism Spectrum Disorder. Secondly, to describe how the childrens' families perceive the affects of animal assisted therapy. The aim was also to describe the method used to gather data for the article. Methods: A literature study was conducted using ten scientific articles, of which two were qualitative and eight were quantitative. Results: A summary of the articles resulted in four themes; social functions, learning and communication, physical health and psychological health. Improvements could be seen when in contact with horses or dogs. The family perceived the dog as both a distraction and a calming effect on the child, as well as giving the family a sense of security. Autistic symptoms were significantly reduced, as well as a perceived reduction of anger, frequency of tantrums and anxiety. Awareness, social functioning, motor skills, and physical motivation were improved. The social connection between child and parents improved with equine assisted therapy. Questionnaires and behavior measures were the most prominent methods used to gather data. Conclusions: Animal assisted therapy has proven beneficial amongst children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and also contributed to parents having a more sustainable living situation. The amount of scientific studies are limited within this field. More research is necessary in order to show convincing evidence.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2015. , p. 38
Keywords [en]
Autism, autistic disorder, animal assisted therapy, horseback riding, service dog.
Keywords [sv]
Autism, autistisk funktionsnedsättning, djurassisterad terapi, hästridning, servicehund.
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19422Archive number: SSKVT15-37OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-19422DiVA, id: diva2:815776
Subject / course
Nursing
Educational program
Nursing
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2015-06-03 Created: 2015-06-01 Last updated: 2015-06-03Bibliographically approved

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Sällskapsdjurs påverkan av barn med autismspektrumtillstånd(895 kB)1047 downloads
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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
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