The purpose of this study was to examine leadership in the public sector based on leadership models, organizational factors, conditions and health of employees. The study was divided into sub-study one and two. In sub-study one the design was an observational study using cross sectional design in which 67 first line managers in the public sector answered a survey about conditions and leadership models. Sub-study two was an observational study using case-control design focusing on a health promoting leadership intervention in the municipal sector. Two semi-structured interviews and 41 surveys were collected. The first-line managers in each group were interviewed and their employees had to answer a questionnaire. The results showed that there is a difference between first line managers’ conditions in the public sector. Further, the result showed that there is a significant difference in how intervention group and control group estimate demand, control and structure-oriented leadership. But it is difficult to say if the differences only depend on the intervention or other factors.