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Experimental evaluation of an intermittent air supply system: Part 1: Thermal comfort and ventilation efficiency
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system. Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley, USA. (Energy Systems)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2171-3013
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system. (Energy Systems)
University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system. (Energy Systems)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1121-2394
2016 (English)In: Building and Environment, ISSN 0360-1323, E-ISSN 1873-684X, Vol. 95, p. 240-250, article id 4263Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Spaces with high occupancy density e.g.; classrooms, auditoriums and restaurants, provide challenges to ventilate at a lower energy use due to elevated temperatures. To meet occupants’ thermal comfort requirements traditional systems use a lot of energy. Alternative ventilation strategies that optimize high air movements in the occupied zone allow human activities at elevated temperatures while attaining improve occupants’ perception and acceptance of the indoor climate at a low energy use. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of a novel ventilation strategy for high occupancy spaces that provides fresh air and thermal comfort in the sitting zone through a controlled intermittent air jet system. The strategy uses ceiling mounted high momentum air jet diffusers (AJD) made from ventilation duct fitted with nozzles that generate confluent jets. The jets coalesce into a single two-dimensional jet which is directed downwards in the sitting zone. This paper presents an experimental evaluation/analysis of the proposed system with regard to ventilation efficiency and thermal comfort measurements in a classroom mockup. Results show that the system qualifies to be used as a primary ventilation system and has local air change index > 1 inside the jet, and a ventilation efficiency > 50%. The system also provides better thermal climate than mixing and displacement ventilation at elevated temperatures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2016. Vol. 95, p. 240-250, article id 4263
Keywords [en]
Air jet diffuser, Ventilation strategy, Tracer gas, Ventilation efficiency, Thermal comfort, Occupancy density
National Category
Civil Engineering Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20212DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.09.025ISI: 000367699800022Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84943329317OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-20212DiVA, id: diva2:851628
Available from: 2015-09-07 Created: 2015-09-07 Last updated: 2020-11-16Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental study of an intermittent ventilation system in high occupancy spaces
2017 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Spaces with high occupancy density like classrooms are challenging to ventilate and use a lot of energy to maintain comfort. Usually, a compromise is made between low energy use and good Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), of which poor IEQ has consequences for occupants’ health, productivity and comfort. Alternative strategies that incorporate elevated air speeds can reduce cooling energy demand and provide occupant’s comfort and productivity at higher operative temperatures. A ventilation strategy, Intermittent Air Jet Strategy (IAJS), which optimizes controlled intermittent airflow and creates non-uniform airflow and non-isothermal conditions, critical for sedentary operations at elevated temperatures, is proposed herein.

The primary aim of the work was to investigate the potential of IAJS as a ventilation system in high occupancy spaces. Ventilation parameters such as air distribution, thermal comfort and indoor air quality are evaluated and the system is compared with a traditional system, specifically, mixing ventilation (MV). A 3-part research process was used: (1) Technical (objective) evaluation of IAJS in-comparison to MV and displacement ventilation (DV) systems. (2) An occupant response study to IAJS. (3) Estimation of the cooling effect under IAJS and its implications on energy use. All studies were conducted in controlled chambers.

The results show that while MV and DV creates steady airflow conditions, IAJS has  cyclic airflow profiles which results in a sinusoidal temperature profile around occupants. Air distribution capability of IAJS is similar to MV, both having a generic local air quality index in the occupied zone. On the other hand, the systems overall air change rate was higher than a MV. Thermal comfort results suggest that IAJS generates comfortable thermal climate at higher operative temperatures compared to MV. Occupant responses to IAJS show an improved thermal sensation, air quality perception and acceptability of indoor environment at higher temperatures as compared to MV. A comparative study to estimate the cooling effect of IAJS shows that upper HVAC setpoint can be increased from 2.3 – 4.5 oC for a neutral thermal sensation compared to a MV. This implies a substantial energy saving potential on the ventilation system. In general, IAJS showed a potential for use as a ventilation system in classrooms while promising energy savings.  

Abstract [sv]

Lokaler där många människor vistas, som t.ex. klassrum, är ofta svåra att ventilera. Att upprätthålla en bra termisk komfort kräver en hög energianvändning. Vanligtvis blir det en kompromiss mellan låg energianvändning och bra kvalitet på inomhusmiljön (IEQ). Dålig IEQ får konsekvenser för människors hälsa, produktivitet och komfort. Alternativa ventilationsstrategier, som använder förhöjda lufthastigheter, kan minska kylbehovet och därmed energianvändningen. I denna avhandling utvärderas en ny ventilationsstrategi, Intermittenta luftstrålar (IAJS), där korta perioder med hög lufthastighet genererar en svalkande effekt, när rummets temperatur upplevs som för hög.

Det primära syftet med arbetet var att undersöka potentialen hos IAJS som ett ventilationssystem för klassrum, där den termiska lasten ofta är hög. Strategin jämförs mot traditionella ventilationsprinciper som omblandande ventilation (MV) och deplacerande ventilation (DV). Parametrar som luftdistributionsindex, termisk komfort, luftkvalitet och energibesparing har utvärderats. Alla studier utfördes i klimatkammare.

Resultaten visar att medan MV och DV skapar konstanta luftflödesförhållanden genererar IAJS cykliska hastighetsprofiler samt en sinusformad temperaturvariation i vistelsezonen. IAJS klarar att bibehålla ett bra termiskt klimat vid högre operativa temperaturer jämfört med MV. I en jämförelse med ett traditionellt HVAC-system visar beräkningar  att dess börvärde kan höjas från 2.3 till 4.5 °C med bibehållen termisk komfort. Detta indikerar en avsevärd energibesparingspotential vid användande av IAJS.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2017. p. 74
Series
Studies in the Research Profile Built Environment. Doctoral thesis ; 3
Keywords
Intermittent airflow, Indoor air quality, Perceived air quality, Thermal sensation, thermal comfort, Air movement acceptability, Convective cooling, Cooling effect., Intermittent luftflöde, Luftstrålar, Upplevd luftkvalitet, Termisk komfort, Acceptans av luftrörelser, Konvektiv kylning, Kyleffekt.
National Category
Energy Systems
Research subject
Sustainable Urban Development
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23754 (URN)978-91-88145-11-6 (ISBN)978-91-88145-12-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2017-05-18, 12:108, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2017-04-26 Created: 2017-03-15 Last updated: 2024-08-29Bibliographically approved

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Kabanshi, AlanWigö, HansSandberg, Mats

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