Shake-up studies of model systems for adsorbates are presented. The molecule CO adsorbed on transition metal surfaces belong to one of the most studied systems in surface science. The interest is motivated by fundamental questions about the adsorbate-substrate interaction as well as technical applications, such as catalysis. A good starting point in order to get more detailed understanding of the CO-metal interaction is to study the transition metal carbonyls, where CO is coordinated to metal atoms. It has been found that many aspects of the adsorbate systems can be modelled by these molecules. These are the main reasons for studying the molecules Mo(CO)6 and Cr(CO)6, for which results are reported in this thesis.
The aim of this study is to characterize the compounds grown on copper during the oxidation at low temperature (T < 523 K) by optical methods: photoluminescence and UV‐Visible‐NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Two cuprous oxides Cu2O and Cu3O2 have been studied. The absorption of Cu2O films in the range 450–630 nm is mainly due to non‐stoichiometry bands associated with copper and oxygen vacancies. Cu3O2 is characterized by an optical band gap greater than that of Cu2O (respectively 2.25 and 1.95 eV) and by an intense luminescence emission at 760–780 nm. Cu3O2 may be considered as a gross defect structure of Cu2O (a Cu 2O = 0.427 nm, a Cu 3O 2 = 0.431 nm). The experimental approach of the oxidation mechanism reveals that at 423 K Cu2O is the primary product which later on is transformed into Cu3O2. Experimental and calculated optical absorption curves disclose the nucleation of CuO inside the cuprous oxides layer for oxidation in the range 473–523 K.
Föreliggande uppfinning avser en metod att producera ett material som innefattar agglomererade partiklar av utfälld kiseldioxid, innefattande framställning av en lösning av åtminstone ett metallsalt (M), där metalljonen/-jonerna är tvåvärd(a) eller flervärd(a). En lösning av alkalimetall (M) silikat med ett molförhållande SiO2/M2O om 0.5 - 100 framställs. Lösningarna blandas och blandningen omrörs, och ett koagel tillåts bildas. Koaglet uppsamlas och behandlas för att tillhandahålla ett material som har en torrsubstans om >15, företrädesvis >97%. Ett material som kan erhållas med processen tillhandahålles också.