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  • 1.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för socialt arbete.
    Asylsökande barn med uppgivenhetssymtom: kunskapsöversikt och kartläggning2005Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    En studie om situationen för sylsökande barn med uppgivenhetssymtom genomförd i två delar: en kunskapsöversikt och en kartläggning.

    Syftet har varit att ge en bild av såväl den internationella och nationella kunskapsnivån som problematikens omfattning och de drabbde barnens psykosociala tillstånd.

  • 2.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för socialt arbete.
    Asylsökande barn med uppgivenhetssymtom: trauma, kultur, asylprocess2006Report (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för socialt arbete.
    Hessle, Marie
    Mannikoff, Anna
    Asylsökande barn med uppgivenhetssymtom: ett svenskt fenomen åren 2001-20062006Report (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Christensen, Karin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Holmstedt, Rebecca
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Metabolt syndrom hos neuroleptikabehandlade patienter inom rättspsykiatrisk vård 2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
  • 5.
    Eriksson, Britt-Mari
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Tinnerholm, Camilla
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Samsjuklighet med missbruk/beroende inom rättspsykiatrisk vård: en intervjustudie om vårdares erfarenheter2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Many psychiatric patients with comorbidity of addiction /dependence are treating in forensic mental health. The patient group is heterogenic with complex and specific health needs. Nursing care staffs are those who spent the most time with these patients. The aim of this study was to describe caregivers' experiences of caring for patients suffering from severe mental disorder with comorbidity of addiction /dependence, in psychiatric care. Ten registered nurses and ten licensed mental nurses who worked at a forensic psychiatric clinic were interviewed, and the material was processed with content analysis. Interviews were conducted with support of a semi-structured interview guide. From the analysis revealed 14 subcategories to form four categories: collaboration, create functional everyday life, persist over time and knowledge / skills. The results showed that nursing care staff´s interaction with patients and other health care professionals gave a holistic approach. Good health care relationships could help patients to break the denial of substance abuse problems. Individualized activities and practical skill training was important in patients' rehabilitation. Nursing process could not be rushed and motivational work was crucial. Clinical experience, life experience, theoretical knowledge combined with a secure and stable personality, were the skills as nursing care staff´s needed to care for these patients. In the area of knowledge abuse/dependence experienced nurses need theoretical completion.

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  • 6.
    Ineland, Lisa
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Jacobsson, Lars
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Salander Renberg, Ellinor
    Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Sjölander, Per
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Södra Lapplands Forskningsenhet, Vilhelmina, Sweden.
    Attitudes towards mental disorders and psychiatric treatment: changes over time in a Swedish population2008In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 0803-9488, E-ISSN 1502-4725, Vol. 62, no 3, p. 192-197Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the years a lot of research of attitudes towards mental disorders, towards people with mental illness and towards psychiatric services and treatment have shown a persistent negative attitude. There are, however, few studies on changes over time. The aim of this study was to compare responses to a questionnaire on attitudes towards mental disorders and psychiatric patients and the perception of psychiatric treatment in a community in northern Sweden in 1976 and 2003. In 1976 a random sample of 391 persons 18-70 years of age were asked and in 2003 a new sample of 500 persons from the same community were approached with the same questions. There are considerable changes over time. In 2003, almost 90% agree to the statement that mental illness harms the reputation more than physical illness, compared with 50% in 1976. In 2003, 51% agreed to the statement "Most people with mental disorders commit violent acts more than others" compared with 24% in 1976. There is an apparent ambivalence towards psychiatric treatment. Whilst 88% would advice a person with mental problems to contact a psychiatrist, still 26% would not like themselves to be referred to a psychiatrist. We argue that improving treatment methods is as important as changing attitudes through accurate information.

  • 7.
    Johansson, Therese
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Bjur, Jenny
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Hur sjuksköterskor kan uppmärksamma barns vars föräldrar är alkoholmissbrukare: Litteraturstudie2010Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur sjuksköterskor kan upptäcka och identifiera signaler hos barn som växer upp i en destruktiv miljö av alkoholmissbruk. Metod som användes för att belysa syftet var beskrivande litteraturstudie. Databaser som användes vid sökningen av valda källor var Medline(PubMed) och Cinahl. Andra sökstrategier var manuellsökning i valda källor. Huvudresultatet visade att barn till föräldrar med tungt alkoholmissbruk framförallt mådde psykiskt dåligt, det tog sig uttryck som depression och utåtagerande beteende. Barns ohälsa i samband med att växa upp i dysfunktionella miljöer relaterat till alkoholmissbruk tog även sig uttryck i återkommande psykosomatiska symtom samt kognitiva brister. Risken för att barn skulle fara illa kopplades även till den känslomässiga miljön som rådde i hemmet. Tecken på ohälsa behövde dock inte vara en följd av en ogynnsam uppväxtmiljö utan kunde härledas till genetiska faktorer. Slutsatsen är, för att kunna identifiera barn som befaras fara illa i sitt hem krävs goda kunskaper om problemets komplexitet. För att utgöra en viktig länk i detta arbete som sjuksköterska krävs förutom kunskap även utarbetade riktlinjer. Virginia Hendersons omvårdnadsteori kan enligt författarna utgöra ett gott stöd i att bedöma varje enskild situation, utifrån dess orsak och verkan baserade tänkande.

     

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  • 8.
    Livheim, Fredrik
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Sweden Norra Stationsgatan 69,Floor 7, S-11364 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Tengström, Anders
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Sweden Norra Stationsgatan 69,Floor 7, S-11364 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Andersson, Gerhard
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Sweden Norra Stationsgatan 69,Floor 7, S-11364 Stockholm, Sweden.;Linköping Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Learning, Linköping, Sweden..
    Dahl, JoAnne
    Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi.
    Björck, Caroline
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Sweden Norra Stationsgatan 69,Floor 7, S-11364 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rosendahl, Ingvar
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Sweden Norra Stationsgatan 69,Floor 7, S-11364 Stockholm, Sweden..
    A quasi-experimental, multicenter study of acceptance and commitment therapy for antisocial youth in residential care2020In: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, ISSN 2212-1447, Vol. 16, p. 119-127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Treatment of youth in residential care may be a challenging task for most providers because comorbid problems are common and general psychosocial functioning is low. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is found to be the most effective treatment but results in only rather small improvements. Hence, there is potential to improve treatment approaches. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could be one such approach. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness and feasibility of a brief trans diagnostic ACT group intervention for youth with comorbid problems in residential care. We also wanted to see whether increased psychological flexibility (PF) mediated potential positive outcomes, and to test the intervention under real-world conditions in residential care when delivered by less-specialized staff. With a quasi-experimental design, 69 youth (mean age 17.3 years) received Treatment-As-Usual (TAU), and 91 youth received TAU with an additional 12 h of ACT in a group setting (TAU + ACT). Follow-ups were conducted two weeks, 1 month, 6 months and 18 months after baseline. Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analyses showed statistically significant improvements 18 months after baseline, measured by the interaction of treatment and time for the primary outcomes of, anxiety [ACT * Months = -0.885 (0.445), p < 0.05, d = 0.34], depression [ACT * Months = -1.058 (0.526), p < 0.05, d = 0.39] and psychological flexibility [ACT * Months = -0.970 (0.413), p < 0.05; ACT * Months(2) = 0.053 (0.023), p < 0.05; d = 0.44] in TAU + ACT youth compared to TAU alone. Regarding secondary outcomes 6 months after baseline, the TAU + ACT group showed a significant decrease in anger, disruptive behavior, and increased self-concept, with small to medium effect sizes. We also observed that psychological flexibility mediated the decrease in the primary outcome of decreased anxiety. ACT in group format may be of help in promoting various positive outcomes for youth in residential care when added to treatment as usual. Increasing PF is a promising process variable that can be targeted to increase the effectiveness of interventions for this population.

  • 9.
    Olsson, Madeleine
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology.
    Persson, Marita
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology.
    Erfarenhet av omvårdnad för patienter med psykossjukdom utifrån sjuksköterskans perspektiv2009Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

     

    Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av omvårdnaden av patienter med psykossjukdom. Kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer genomfördes med arton sjuksköterskor. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att bearbeta intervjumaterialet. Fem kategorier framkom i resultatet, i den första kategorin som benämns; bemötande, berättar sjuksköterskorna vad som är viktigt i relationen, bekräftelse och förhållningssätt. Den andra kategorin benämns vårdmiljö; betydelsen av struktur, regler, skärmning framkommer under denna kategori. I den tredje kategorin basal omvårdnad omnämns; vikten av sömn, mat, dryck och hygien. Den fjärde kategorin specifikt omhändertagande handlar om tvångsåtgärder, vanföreställningar och krishantering. I den femte och sista kategorin; familjekontakt, beskrivs vikten av att ha med sig anhöriga i vården. Denna studie kan ha bidragit till att synliggöra vad som är viktigt i omvårdnaden av patienter med psykossjukdom. Informanterna som deltog i studien visade alla ett tydligt engagemang för sina patienter och stor kunnighet inom området. En fortsättning på föreliggande studie skulle kunna vara att belysa patienters erfarenheter av omvårdnad vid psykossjukdom. Detta skulle kunna förbättra omvårdnaden för patienter med psykossjukdom om både personal och patienter får uttrycka vad som kan förbättras samt vad som inte fungerar.

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  • 10.
    Rehnstedt, Anna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för vårdvetenskap.
    Säll, Britt-Marie
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för vårdvetenskap.
    Livskvalitet hos personer efter behandling med KBT: En litteraturstudie2009Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 11.
    Salzmann-Erikson, Martin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Rydlo, Cecilia
    School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, University of Mälardalen, Västerås, Sweden.
    Wiklund Gustin, Lena
    School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, University of Mälardalen, Västerås, Sweden; Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Campus Narvik, Norway.
    Getting to know the person behind the illness: the significance of interacting with patients hospitalised in forensic psychiatric settings2016In: Journal of Clinical Nursing, ISSN 0962-1067, E-ISSN 1365-2702, Vol. 25, no 9-10, p. 1426-1434Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe what nurses want to accomplish in relationships with patients who are hospitalised in forensic psychiatric settings.

    BACKGROUND: Relationships between staff and patients in forensic psychiatric settings should be grounded in trust and confidence, and the patients need opportunities for emotional reconciliation. However, relationships can be challenging for nurses, who sometimes distance themselves from patients' expressions of suffering. The role of forensic mental health nurses is nebulous, as are the prescriptives and the implementation of nursing practices.

    DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive design.

    METHODS: In-depth interviews with five nurses who all work in forensic psychiatric settings.

    RESULTS: We present a descriptive analysis of what nurses want to accomplish in relationships with patients who are hospitalised in forensic psychiatric settings. The results are presented in two main categories: (1) getting to know the person behind the illness and (2) making a difference.

    CONCLUSION: Care in forensic psychiatry needs to shift towards a more long-term view of the role of nursing, focusing less on the traditional and stereotypical identity of the productive nurse and more on the care given when nurses slow down and take the time to see the patients as individuals. Establishing trusting relationships with patients in forensic psychiatric settings is viewed as a less oppressive way to control patients and guide them in directions that are preferable for the nurses and for the society.

    RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurses may use simple strategies in their daily practice such as sitting on the sofa with patients to establish trust. We stress that nurses should abandon policing roles and custodial activities in favour of guiding principles that promote individual recovery, treatment and health-promoting care.

  • 12.
    Skotte, Ingalill
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för vårdvetenskap.
    Nilsson, Sofia
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för vårdvetenskap.
    Erfarenheter av psykopedagogisk intervention2009Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As a result of the psychiatric reform a great number of patients with psychiatric diseases have become more dependent on their relatives. This has led to the fact that relatives have to take great responsibility which has caused an additional burden “Burden of care”. This increased burden also influenced the emotional climate within the family “Expressed emotion”. The Psychosis Unit in Norrköping offered the families psycho pedagogic intervention to lower the “Expressed emotion”, to lighten the burden and to give them new knowledge. The purpose of the paper was to examine if the participation in the training program for patients and relatives has given the participants new knowledge about psychosis illnesses and also to see in which way the new knowledge has changed the relation between patient and relative. The reports design was a combination of quantitative and qualitative approach was combined with method of triangulation. Surveys from previous training sessions within the Psychosis Unit have been used as part of the study. Via a random selection eight persons out of the participants were then interviewed. The analysis of the interviews was worked up with the method of analysis of content. The result showed that relatives experience that the increased knowledge gained from the training for the patients has led to the fact that the relation between the person stricken by a psychosis illness has ameliorated through increased understanding and security. The role of the psychiatry is to actively ask for the participation of the relatives and invite to cooperation. Despite the existing empiric knowledge about the advantages of psycho pedagogic intervention it is still a great challenge to change the attitude to complete the traditional treatment with psycho pedagogic intervention.

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  • 13. Stensdotter, Ann-Katrin
    et al.
    Lorås, Håvard W.
    Fløvig, John Christian
    Djupsjöbacka, Mats
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Postural control in quiet standing in patients with psychotic disorders2013In: Gait & Posture, ISSN 0966-6362, E-ISSN 1879-2219, Vol. 38, no 4, p. 918-922Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is evidence that patients with psychotic conditions display greater center of pressure (CoP) displacement during quite standing than healthy subjects, but the underlying impairments in the control mechanisms are uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify the nature of possible impairments in the control of posture by modulation of visual and kinesthetic information during quiet standing. Center of pressure (CoP) data and whole-body kinematics of the center of mass (CoM) were recorded during quite standing on a firm surface with eyes open and with eyes closed, and standing with eyes open on a yielding surface. During all three conditions, patients displayed greater migration of CoM and CoP-CoM, a measure related to ankle joint torque, whereas CoP-frequency (MPF) was similar in patients and healthy subjects. Our results suggested that greater postural sway in patients may depend on disproportionally large ankle joint torque without corresponding increase in frequency. Furthermore, interactions between groups and conditions suggested that the patients made less use of visual information for postural control than the healthy subjects.

  • 14.
    Thunander Sundbom, Lena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science. Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Bingefors, Kerstin
    Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hedborg, Kerstin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Isacson, Dag
    Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Are men under-treated and women over-treated with antidepressants?: Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden2017In: BJPsych bulletin, ISSN 2056-4694, E-ISSN 2056-4708, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 145-150Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aims and method To examine gender differences in self-reported depression and prescribed antidepressants (ADs). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess depression, and information on prescribed ADs was obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.

    Results Depression was reported by 11.7% of the participants (12.3% men and 11.2% women). ADs were prescribed for 7.6% of the participants (5.3% men, 9.8% women). Among men, 1.8% reported depression and used ADs, 10.5% reported depression but did not use ADs, and 3.6% used ADs but did not report depression. The corresponding figures for women were 2.6%, 8.6% and 7.2%.

    Clinical implications Men report depression to a greater extent than women but are prescribed ADs to a lesser extent, possibly a sign of under-treatment. Women are prescribed ADs without reporting depression more often than men, possibly a sign of over-treatment. Although the causes remain unclear, diagnostic and treatment guidelines should benefit from considering gender differences in these respects.

  • 15.
    Tysk, Lennart
    et al.
    Department of Psychiatry, Sandviken Hospital, Sandviken, Sweden .
    Wessén, Bernice
    Sandvikens sjukvårdsdisktrikt, Landstiget Gävleborg.
    Allt färre patienter i sluten psykiatrisk vård: Förändringar i Gästrikland 1985-19931994In: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, ISSN 0037-833X, no 10, p. 480-483Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den psykiatriska vården har genomgått genomgripande förändringar på senare år. I Gästrikland genomfördes omorganisationen huvdsakligen under andra hälften av 1980-talet. Då minskades den slutna vården till förmån för en utbyggd och decentraliserad öppen vård. Under 1990-talet förändrades förutsättningarna genom att nya regler får vårdköp mellan sjukvårdsdistrikten infördes. Samtidigt minskade de ekonomiska ramarna. Detta kan ha bidragit till att slutenvården fortsatt att minska. Genom patientinventeringar 1985, innan förändingsarbetet tog fart, 1991, efter sektoriseringens genomförande och 1993, i skedet efter sektoriseringen, kunde förändringar i patientsammansättning och vårdtider avläsas. Drivkraften bakom förändringarna diskuteras.

  • 16.
    Visuri, Ingela
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    James Clark, Kelly
    Autism and the panoply of religious belief, disbelief and experience2020In: The Neurology of Religion / [ed] Alasdais Coles & Joanna Collicutt, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 2020, p. 139-148Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    While the cognitive mechanisms that incline us towards theistic belief in superhuman agents have been well documented over the past twenty-five years, unbelief has not received nearly so much attention. Recent studies however suggest that just as with theistic belief, various psychic mechanisms and processes might incline one toward unbelief, such as a propensity for analytic thinking. It has also been suggested that the connection between atheism and analytic thinking may be mediated by mentalizing constraints in autism. In this essay, we will present and evaluate a few such studies and then consider some additional ideas that we hope will contribute to a fuller understanding of possible approaches to religion and spirituality in autistic individuals.

  • 17.
    Wessén, Bernice
    et al.
    Landstinget Gävleborg, Gävle, Sverige.
    Tysk, Lennart
    Avdelningen för psykiatri, Sandvikens sjukhus, Sandviken, Sverige.
    En uppföljning av långtidsvårdade patienter som skrivits ut från sjukhus i samband med psykiatrins omdaning1991In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, ISSN 0803-9488, E-ISSN 1502-4725, Vol. 45, no 1, p. 41-45Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The so-called sectorization of the psychiatric care system has been connected with deinstitutionalization and possibly also a forced discharge from hospital for some long-term inpatients. In Gävleborg County 96 patients who had been hospitalized for at least 1 year were discharged in the years 1984-88, when the reduction of hospital beds was at its peak. Their situation was investigated in the autumn of 1989, when members of the psychiatric staff evaluated their living conditions and asked the patients to complete a questionnaire. At that time 19 patients had been readmitted to hospital, 4 had moved to other parts of the country, and 3 were dead. Thus at least 70 were still living outside institutions, but 2 of these could not be reached. The material consists of the other 68 patients. Forty of them were diagnosed as being schizophrenic. Twenty-two patients had spent some time in hospital after the index discharge. Forty-three lived in their own lodgings, 14 in group homes, and 11 in homes for the elderly. Forty-one lived alone, and this was more often the case for male patients. Only one had a job and earned his living, but 41 took part in some organized activity like work therapy or study groups. About 50% of the patients had regular contact (at least once a month) with the local psychiatric department, and the same frequency was noted for regular contact with the district nurses. Only seven patients had no such contacts. According to the staffs judgement, about two of three patients had enough psychosocial support and a satisfactory quality of life. Resources for rehabilitation, activation, and social contacts were reported to be inadequate. The patients had a more positive view and were largely satisfied with their living conditions. Only four wanted to return to the hospital. The schizophrenic patients tended to have a more satisfactory life situation according to the staff, and they were also rehospitalized less frequently than other patient categories. There is a notable group of chronically ill patients with other psychiatric diagnoses, which need as much support as the schizophrenic group. When resources are lacking, the need for cooperation with social authorities, primary care, and clients' organizations is apparent.

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