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  • 1.
    Aasa, Björn
    et al.
    Umeå universitet.
    Sandlund, Jonas
    Umeå universitet.
    Rudolfsson, Thomas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    Umeå universitet.
    Acuity of goal-directed arm movements and movement control; evaluation of differences between patients with persistent neck/shoulder pain and healthy controls2022In: European Journal of Physiotherapy, ISSN 2167-9169, E-ISSN 2167-9177, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 47-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The main aim was to examine whether patients with persistent upper quadrant pain have higher end-point variability in goal directed pointing movements than pain-free controls when the pointing task is performed in total darkness and under full vision. An additional aim was to study associations between the magnitude of end-point variability and a clinical movement control test battery and self-rated functioning among patients.

    Methods

    Seventeen patients and 17 age- and gender-matched pain-free controls performed a pointing task that evaluated end-point variability of repetitive shoulder movements in horizontal adduction and abduction with full vision, and abduction with no visual information, completed a movement control test battery of neck and shoulder control tests and answered questionnaires.

    Results

    Patients had higher end point variability for horizontal abduction when performed with no visual information. For horizontal adduction the variability was higher, but only when it was controlled for movement time. No significant correlations were found between end-point variability and self-rated functioning, nor between end-point variability and neuromuscular control of the glenohumeral joint.

    Conclusions

    This study provides preliminary evidence that patients with persistent neck/shoulder pain can partly compensate proprioceptive deficits in goal-directed arm movement when visual feedback is present.

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  • 2.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Jensen, B R
    Sandfeld, J
    Lyskov, Eugene
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Richter, Hans O
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Crenshaw, Albert G.
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    The impact of computer mouse work with different size objects on subjective perception of fatigue and performance2007In: 39th Annual Congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society, 2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Belastningsskadecentrum.
    Kalezic, Nebojsa
    University of Gävle, Belastningsskadecentrum.
    Lyskov, Eugene
    University of Gävle, Belastningsskadecentrum.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    University of Gävle, Belastningsskadecentrum.
    Samband mellan självrapporterad stress, salivkortisol och muskuloskeletala besvär: Självrapporteringsmetoder i stressforskning2004In: Stress-conference, 2004Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 4.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Kalezic, Nebojsa
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Lyskov, Eugene
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Ängquist, Karl-Axel
    Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Stress monitoring of ambulance personnel during work and leisure time2006In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, ISSN 0340-0131, E-ISSN 1432-1246, Vol. 80, no 1, p. 51-59Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess physiological and subjective stress markers during a 24-h ambulance work shift and during the next two work-free days, and relate these parameters to self-reported health complaints. Methods: Twenty-six ambulance personnel were followed during a 24-h work shift and during the next two work-free days with electrocardiogram, cortisol assessments and diary notes. The ambulance personnel also performed tests of autonomic reactivity before and at the end of the work shift. The subjects were categorized into two groups according to their number of health complaints. Results: In general, stress markers did not show differences between the work shift and leisure time. However, a modest deviation in heart rate variability pattern and higher morning cortisol values during work in comparison with work-free days were observed in personnel with many health complaints. Conclusions: Subjective and physiological characteristics of ambulance personnel did not indicate distinctive stress during the 24-h work shift. Relationships between frequent health complaints and specific work-related factors require further prospective studies.

  • 5.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, physiotherapy, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
    Ängquist, Karl-Axel
    Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, University of Umea ̊ , Sweden.
    Barnekow-Bergkvist, Margareta
    University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    The effects of a 1-year physical exercise programme on development of fatigue during a simulated ambulance work task2008In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Ergonomics, Vol. 51, no 8, p. 1179-1194Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of individually prescribed physical exercise programmes on development of fatigue during the carrying of a loaded stretcher up and down the stairs. Nineteen ambulance personnel performed the training for 1 year. Testing occurred before and after 1 year of the training. Both the training group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 15) were assessed for physical capacity and lactate concentration in blood and ratings of perceived exertion during carrying a stretcher on the stairs. When comparisons were made between those who had been training three times/week for 1 year and the control group, lactate concentration was significantly decreased. In conclusion, markers of fatigue during stretcher carrying can be reduced by the use of individually prescribed physical exercise programmes.

  • 6.
    Aasum Hultberg, Rosanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Det är väl på sätt och vis det heteronormativa samhället som har gjort mig till transperson […]”: En enkätstudie med transpersoner2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim was to study transgender persons’ experiences of, and reactions upon, attitudes and social norms in relation to their gender identity. Another question that was relevant to answer was how transgender persons are affected by the hetero norm. The method used to collect data was through questionnaires published on the internet. The only requirement to participate was to be a transgender over 18 years old, and when the survey closed, 35 respondents had answered it. The questionnaire consisted of both quantitative and qualitative questions. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

    The results indicate that transgender persons living conditions are largely affected by norms, and that they encounter a considerable amount of negative attitudes due to their gender identity. To "pass" as either man or woman turned out to be something that made it easier for transgender people to evade negative attitudes.

    One hope is that this study can provide knowledge to different instances in the community to open up to be more open to critical thinking around norms.

    The conclusion was that persons with a transgender identity are affected by societal norms and by heteronormativity. It takes a lot of courage to be able to be one self but everything boils down to how strong a person are and the availability of support and role models in the surrounding society. 

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  • 7.
    Abarghache, Nadia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences.
    Johansson, Ellen
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences.
    Kan en läshund bidra till att positivt påverka barns läsförmåga?: En metainspirerad innehållsannanlys2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att få en djupare förståelse om på vilket sätt läshunden kan bidra till att förbättra barns läsförmåga. Studien använder sig av en metainspirerad innehållsanalys. Metaanalys användes för att samla in information till studien samt att kunna dra slutsatser om tidigare forskning. Innehållsanalys användes för att skapa teman och kodning, med hjälp av innehållsanalys kan man skapa en djupare mening med textens innehåll. Artiklarna från resultatdelen samlades in från vetenskapliga databaser där alla artiklar är peer-reviewe.

     

    Studien undersöker på vilket sätt kan en läshund bidra till att positivt påverka barns läsförmåga? Är det hunden i sig som påverkar barnets läsförmåga eller är det miljön? Resultat visar på att läshunden påverkar barn positivt både psykiskt, fysiskt och socialt. Resultatet visar även på att det är läshunden som påverkar barnen positivt och inte miljön de vistas i under lästiden. Slutsatsen man kan dra av denna studie är att läshunden visar på en positiv påverkan på barn och har givit oss förståelse om på vilket sätt läshunden påverkar barnen.

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    Kan en läshund bidra till att positivt påverka barns läsförmåga?
  • 8.
    Abbasi, Seyed Hesameddin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Petroleum Health Research Institute, Tehran, Iran .
    De Leon, Antonio Ponce
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Kassaian, Seyed Ebrahim
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Karimi, Abbasali
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Department of Psychology, Mid-Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Socioeconomic status and in‑hospital mortality of acute coronary syndrome: can education and occupation serve as preventive measures?2015In: International Journal of Preventive Medicine, ISSN 2008-7802, E-ISSN 2008-8213, Vol. 6, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly affect the clinical outcome of medical problems. We sought to assess the in-hospital mortality of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) according to their SES.

    METHODS: All patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center due to 1(st)-time ACS between March 2004 and August 2011 were assessed. The patients who were illiterate/lowly educated (≤5 years attained education) and were unemployed were considered low-SES patients and those who were employed and had high educational levels (>5 years attained education) were regarded as high-SES patients. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and in-hospital medical progress data were recorded. Death during the course of hospitalization was considered the end point, and the impact of SES on in-hospital mortality was evaluated.

    RESULTS: A total of 6246 hospitalized patients (3290 low SES and 2956 high SES) were included (mean age = 60.3 ± 12.1 years, male = 2772 [44.4%]). Among them, 79 (1.26%) patients died. Univariable analysis showed a significantly higher mortality rate in the low-SES group (1.9% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for possible cofounders, SES still showed a significant effect on the in-hospital mortality of the ACS patients in that the high-SES patients had a lower in-hospital mortality rate (odds ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.094-0.980; P = 0.046).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study found that patients with low SES were at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality due to the ACS. Furthermore, the results suggest the need for increased availability of jobs as well as improved levels of education as preventive measures to curb the unfolding deaths owing to coronary artery syndrome.

  • 9.
    Abbasi, Seyed Hesameddin
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Ethnic Differences in the Risk Factors and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: a Patient-Based Study in Iran2018In: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, ISSN 2197-3792, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 623-631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Diverse ethnic groups may differ regarding the risk factors and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study sought to assess the association between ethnicity and CAD risk and severity in six major Iranian ethnic groups.

    Methods

    In this study, 20,165 documented coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary angiography at a tertiary referral heart center were recruited. The demographic, laboratory, clinical, and risk factor data of all the patients were retrieved. The Gensini score (an indicator of CAD severity) was calculated for all, and the risk factors and severity of CAD were compared between the ethnical groups, using adjusted standardized residuals, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multivariable regression analysis.

    Results

    The mean age of the participants (14,131 [70.1%] men and 6034 [29.9%] women) was 60.7 ± 10.8 years. The Fars (8.7%) and Gilak (8.6%) ethnic groups had the highest prevalence of ≥4 simultaneous risk factors. The mean Gensini score was the highest for the Gilaks (77.1 ± 55.9) and the lowest among the Lors (67.5 ± 52.8). The multivariable regression analysis showed that the Gilaks had the worst severity (β 0.056, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.102; P = 0.018), followed by the Torks (β 0.032, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.059; P = 0.020). Meanwhile, the Lors showed the lowest severity (β −0.087, 95% CI −0.146 to −0.027; P = 0.004).

    Conclusions

    This study found that there was heterogeneity in CAD severity and a diverse distribution in its well-known traditional risk factors among major Iranian ethnic groups.

  • 10.
    Abbasi, Seyed
    et al.
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Mid-Sweden University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. Mid-Sweden University.
    Mortality from Acute Coronary Syndrome: Does Place of Residence Matter?2022In: Journal of Teheran University Heart Center, ISSN 1735-8620, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 56-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Current evidence shows inequality in the outcomes of rural and urban patients treated at their place of residence. This study compared in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to find whether there were differences in the outcome and received treatment.

    Methods: Between May 2007 and January 2018, patients admitted with ACS were included. The patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as their in-hospital medical courses, were recorded. The association between place of residence (rural/urban) and in-hospital mortality due to ACS was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

    Results: Of 9088 recruited patients (mean age =61.30±12.25 y; 5557 men [61.1%]), 838 were rural residents. A positive family history of coronary artery disease (P=0.003), smoking (P=0.002), and hyperlipidemia (P=0.026), as well as a higher body mass index (P=0.013), was seen more frequently in the urban patients, while the rural patients had lower education levels (P<0.001) and higher unemployment rates (P=0.009). In-hospital mortality occurred in 135 patients (1.5%): 10 rural (1.2%) and 125 urban (1.5%) patients (P=0.465). The Firth regression model, used to adjust the effects of possible confounders, showed no significant difference concerning in-hospital mortality between the rural and urban patients (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.376 to 7.450; P=0.585).

    Conclusion: This study found no significant differences in receiving proper treatment and in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with ACS.

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  • 11.
    Abbott, Rebecca
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Straker, Leon
    Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Patterning of children's sedentary time at and away from school2013In: Obesity, ISSN 1930-7381, E-ISSN 1930-739X, Vol. 21, p. E131-E133Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective:

    Sedentary behavior in children is positively associated with an increased risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. Children spend a considerable portion of their awake time in sedentary behavior; however, the pattern of accumulation is not known. Thus the objective of this study was to describe the patterning of sedentary behavior of children at and away from school.

    Design and Methods:

    The patterns of sedentary time in a sample of 53 children (28 girls) aged 10-12 years during school-term time were examined. Children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Total sedentary time, prolonged sequences (bouts) of sedentary time, and frequency of active interruptions to sedentary were examined on school days and weekends and within school time and non-school time on school days.

    Results:

    The data did not support our hypothesis that children accumulated more sedentary time on school days when compared with weekend days (mean [SD]: 64.4% [5.3] vs. 64.9% [9.0], P = 0.686). However, when comparing school time with non-school time on school days, children accumulated more sedentary time at school (66.8% [7.3] vs. 62.4% [5.2], P < 0.001) and spent more time at school in sustained sedentary sequences, that is, uninterrupted sedentary time for 30 min or more (75.6 min [45.8] vs. 45.0 min [26.8], P < 0.002). The children also recorded less breaks per sedentary hour within school time when compared with non-school time (8.9 h−1 vs. 10.2 h−1, P < 0.001).

    Conclusion:

    Reducing total sedentary time spent both in and out of school remains an important challenge. Interrupting sedentary time more often in the “working” (school) day could also reap important musculoskeletal and metabolic health rewards for children.

  • 12.
    Abdelrazek, Fathya
    et al.
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Skytt, Bernice
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Aly, Magda
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    El-Sabour, Mona Abd
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Ibrahim, Naglaa
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Engström, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Leadership and management skills of first-line managers of elderly care and their work environment2010In: Journal of Nursing Management, ISSN 0966-0429, E-ISSN 1365-2834, Vol. 18, no 6, p. 736-745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim To study the leadership and management skills of first-line managers (FLMs) of elderly care and their work environment in Egypt and Sweden. Background FLMs in Egypt and Sweden are directly responsible for staff and quality of care. However, FLMs in Sweden, in elderly care, have smaller units/organizations to manage than do their colleagues in Egypt. Furthermore, family care of the elderly has been the norm in Egypt, but in recent years institutional care has increased, whereas in Sweden, residential living homes have existed for a longer period. Methods A convenience sample of FLMs, 49 from Egypt and 49 from Sweden, answered a questionnaire measuring leadership and management skills, structural and psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and psychosomatic health. Results In both countries, FLMs' perceptions of their leadership and management skills and psychological empowerment were quite high, whereas scores for job satisfaction and psychosomatic health were lower. FLMs had higher values in several factors/study variables in Egypt compared with in Sweden. Conclusion and implications The work environment, both in Egypt and Sweden, needs to be improved to increase FLMs' job satisfaction and decrease stress. The cultural differences and levels of management have an effect on the differences between the two countries.

  • 13.
    Abdi, Parvin Monika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Har elever tillräckligt med tid för att äta?: En undersökning på högstadieelevers upplevelser av skolmåltiden2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Meal at school is a part of the school studies and it is important for health, but is also a prerequisite for both learning and enjoyment.  The school meal can provide students an opportunity to recover from their studies but sometimes students perceive the meal situation as stressful. It is important that the food environment at school works well for school children, so they do not have to rush during the meal and they can get the opportunity to eat in peace. The purpose of this study was to investigate how students perceive lunch break at school. If they feel they get enough time to eat and how they feel during the meal situation in the school restaurant. The research approach of this study was qualitative and the method of data collection was focus groups. Data were analyzed as a content analysis. The aim of the study were secondary school students in grade 7 and 9, one class from each grade was selected. The study was conducted at a secondary school in a municipality in Sweden with approximately 210 000 inhabitants. The results of the study show that students at secondary school feel they have enough time to eat lunch, but the lunch break is too short. The meal environment in the school restaurant is perceived as very messy and stressful. The meal situation was experienced as more stressful at grade 7 students than 9th grade students.  The conclusion was that students need longer lunch break and meal environment is perceived as stressful.

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  • 14.
    Abines Klang, Memme
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Vedin, Kajsa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Transpersoners upplevelse av inkludering inom idrotten2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom en litteraturstudie undersöka hur transpersoner upplever inkludering inom fysisk aktivitet och idrott.  Metod: Litteratursökning i databasen Discovery och manuella sökningar av valda källors referenslista resulterade i tio artiklar som publicerats inom de senaste elva åren. Alla artiklar har analyserats, kvalitetsgranskats och sedan sammanställts.   Resultat: De mest framträdande resultatet för fysiska hinder angående transpersoners upplevelse av inkludering var; svårigheterna med offentliga rum och omklädningsrum samt problematiken med träningskläder. De vanligaste psykosociala hindren för transpersoner inom inkludering i fysisk aktivitet och idrott var; förnekad identitet, missnöje med kroppen, diskriminering, mobbning och utanförskap vilket ledde till depression, ångest och rädslor. De främsta fysiska möjligheterna som framkom i resultatet var fördelen med individuella idrotter och könskorrigerande behandling i kombination med fysisk aktivitet. Det centrala resultatet för psykosociala möjligheter påvisades vara socialt stöd och att fysisk aktivitet och idrott bidrog till minskad ångest och ökad glädje hos transpersonerna.   Slutsats: Det går att konstatera att många transpersoner blir diskriminerade på grund av sin sexuella läggning, köns uttryck och könsidentitet. Detta medför att många transpersoner lämnar idrotten och slutar vara fysisk aktiva. Denna studie kom fram till att många av de problem som presenterades i artiklarna grundar sig i idrottens men framförallt samhällets okunskap. Det framkom även att utvecklingen av transpersoners inklusion och deltagande inom fysisk aktivitet och idrott är ett växande område för idrottsrörelsen att ta i tu med. Riksidrottsförbundet bör arbeta mer aktivt med hbtq- frågor för att öka kunskapen och för att få en djupare förståelse för dagens problematik. Detta skulle kunna bidra till att fler transpersoner kan känna trygghet i idrotten, vilket i sin tur skulle medföra att idrottens värdegrund uppfylls.

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  • 15.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björklund, Christina
    Gustafsson, Klas
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .
    Hagberg, Jan
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    Department of Psychology, Stockholm University.
    Marklund, Staffan
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet.
    Exhaustion and impaired work performance in the workplace: Associations with presenteeism and absenteeism2019In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 1076-2752, E-ISSN 1536-5948, Vol. 61, no 11, p. e438-e444Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting.

    METHODS: In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively.

    RESULTS: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for.

    CONCLUSIONS: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.

  • 16.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. Karolinska institutet.
    Gustafsson, Klas
    Karolinska institutet.
    Jensen, Irene
    Karolinska institutet.
    Hagberg, Jan
    Karolinska institutet.
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    Stockholms universitet.
    Marklund, Staffan
    Karolinska institutet.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    What is number of days in number of times? Associations between, and responsiveness of, two sickness presenteeism measures.2020In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 1076-2752, E-ISSN 1536-5948, Vol. 62, no 5, p. 180-185Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between SP reported as number of days with SP reported as number of times and to evaluate their responsiveness.

    METHODS: The study population (n = 454) consisted of employed individuals, at risk of long-term sickness absence. Correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the two SP measures and external constructs such as work performance, general health and registered sick leave. Both SP constructs were measured several times to examine responsiveness.

    RESULTS: The SP measures are moderately correlated. They moderately correlated with work performance and health status measures. SP reported as number of times seem to be more sensitive than number of days in detecting changes after rehabilitation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Numerical or categorical constructs are valid sources of data on SP. However, categorized SP seem to be more responsive.

  • 17.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Jensen, Irene
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    Björk Brämberg, Elisabeth
    Karolinska institutet.
    Pico-Espinosa, Oscar Javier
    Karolinska institutet.
    Björklund, Christina
    Karolinska institutet.
    Investigating the association between publication performance and the work environment of university research academics: a systematic review2021In: Scientometrics, ISSN 0138-9130, E-ISSN 1588-2861, Vol. 126, no 4, p. 3283-3301Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this review was to investigate the association between publication performance and the organizational and psychosocial work environment of academics in a university setting. In 2018 we conducted database searches in Web of Science, Medline and other key journals (hand-searched) from 1990 to 2017 based on population, exposure and outcome framework. We examined reference lists, and after a title and abstract scan and full-text reading we identified studies that were original research and fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Articles were evaluated as having a low, moderate or high risk of bias using a quality assessment form. From the studies (n = 32) identified and synthesized, work-environment characteristics could explain the quality and quantity aspects of publication performance of academics. Management practices, leadership and psychosocial characteristics are influential factors that affect academics’ publication productivity. Most of the reviewed studies were judged to be of moderate quality because of issues of bias, related to the measuring of publication outcome. The findings in the studies reviewed suggest that highly productive research academics and departments significantly tend to be influenced by the organizational and psychosocial characteristics of their working environment. The practical relevance of this review is that it highlights where academics’ performance needs support and how the work environment can be improved to bolster publication productivity.

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  • 18.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    Lilje, Stina
    Karolinska institutet; Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Bengtsson, Camilla
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Peterson, Anna
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Persson, Ulf
    The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund.
    Skillgate, Eva
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm; Karolinska institutet.
    Manual therapy versus advice to stay active for nonspecific back and/or neck pain: a cost-effectiveness analysis2022In: Chiropractic and Manual Therapies, E-ISSN 2045-709X, Vol. 30, no 1, article id 27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Low back and neck pain are the most common musculoskeletal disorders worldwide, and imply suffering and substantial societal costs, hence effective interventions are crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of manual therapy compared with advice to stay active for working age persons with nonspecific back and/or neck pain.

    Methods

    The two interventions were: a maximum of 6 manual therapy sessions within 6 weeks, including spinal manipulation/mobilization, massage and stretching, performed by a naprapath (index group), respectively information from a physician on the importance to stay active and on how to cope with pain, according to evidence-based advice, at 2 occasions within 3 weeks (control group). A cost-effectiveness analysis with a societal perspective was performed alongside a randomized controlled trial including 409 persons followed for one year, in 2005. The outcomes were health-related Quality of Life (QoL) encoded from the SF-36 and pain intensity. Direct and indirect costs were calculated based on intervention and medication costs and sickness absence data. An incremental cost per health related QoL was calculated, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

    Results

    The difference in QoL gains was 0.007 (95% CI − 0.010 to 0.023) and the mean improvement in pain intensity was 0.6 (95% CI 0.068–1.065) in favor of manual therapy after one year. Concerning the QoL outcome, the differences in mean cost per person was estimated at − 437 EUR (95% CI − 1302 to 371) and for the pain outcome the difference was − 635 EUR (95% CI − 1587 to 246) in favor of manual therapy. The results indicate that manual therapy achieves better outcomes at lower costs compared with advice to stay active. The sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main results.

    Conclusions

    Our results indicate that manual therapy for nonspecific back and/or neck pain is slightly less costly and more beneficial than advice to stay active for this sample of working age persons. Since manual therapy treatment is at least as cost-effective as evidence-based advice from a physician, it may be recommended for neck and low back pain. Further health economic studies that may confirm those findings are warranted.

    Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN56954776. Retrospectively registered 12 September 2006, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN56954776.

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  • 19.
    Abou-Soultan, Nariman
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Abujazar, Ahmed
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Hur personer med schizofreni upplever sin livskvalité: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Schizophrenia is a form of psychosis, it is rare but a very serious disease and the lifetime risk of becoming sick is 0.8% in Sweden. People with schizophrenia experience altered perception of reality because of symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Many relatives of people with schizophrenia argue that there is a lack of knowledge that leads to distorted view of themselves and the environment. The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on symptoms, which consequently means that nurses have an important role which should include plenty hospitality, communication and understanding of patients' quality of life.

     

    Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how people with schizophrenia experience their quality of life and to describe the method of selection of the articles included.

     

    Method: The present study has a descriptive design and contains a total of 12 articles with qualitative and quantitative effort. The majority of the articles that have been used has the qualitative approach. Data collection has been conducted via PsycINFO.

     

    Main Results: The diagnosis of schizophrenia contributed to confusion and difficulties to accept their disease. Symptoms and side effects of the medicine were the most conspicuous factors that resulted in the loss. Experiences of stigmatization and rejection by the environment were also a contributing factor for a poorer quality of life. The 12 included articles have mainly used the interviews to reach people's subjective experiences of living with schizophrenia.

     

    Conclusion: Schizophrenia affects people's daily lives and relationships with other people negatively which led to the suffering and poorer quality of life. Knowledge of how people with schizophrenia experience their quality of life is important information for nurses that can lead to greater understanding, better reception, care and treatment.

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  • 20.
    Abrahamsen, Håkon B
    et al.
    Norwegian Air Ambulance Fdn, Drobak, Norway; Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Natl Ctr Emergency Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway; Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway .
    Sollid, Stephen J M
    Norwegian Air Ambulance Fdn, Drobak, Norway; Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Öhlund, Lennart S.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science.
    Røislien, Jo
    Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Bondevik, Gunnar Tschudi
    Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Natl Ctr Emergency Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway.
    Simulation-based training and assessment of non-technical skills in the Norwegian Helicopter Emergency Medical Services: a cross-sectional survey2015In: Emergency Medicine Journal, ISSN 1472-0205, E-ISSN 1472-0213, Vol. 32, no 8, p. 647-653Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Human error and deficient non-technical skills (NTSs) among providers of ALS in helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) is a threat to patient and operational safety. Skills can be improved through simulation-based training and assessment. Objective: To document the current level of simulation-based training and assessment of seven generic NTSs in crew members in the Norwegian HEMS. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, either electronic or paper-based, of all 207 physicians, HEMS crew members (HCMs) and pilots working in the civilian Norwegian HEMS (11 bases), between 8 May and 25 July 2012. Results: The response rate was 82% (n=193). A large proportion of each of the professional groups lacked simulation-based training and assessment of their NTSs. Compared with pilots and HCMs, physicians undergo statistically significantly less frequent simulation-based training and assessment of their NTSs. Fifty out of 82 (61%) physicians were on call for more than 72 consecutive hours on a regular basis. Of these, 79% did not have any training in coping with fatigue. In contrast, 72 out of 73 (99%) pilots and HCMs were on call for more than 3 days in a row. Of these, 54% did not have any training in coping with fatigue. Conclusions: Our study indicates a lack of simulation-based training and assessment. Pilots and HCMs train and are assessed more frequently than physicians. All professional groups are on call for extended hours, but receive limited training in how to cope with fatigue.

  • 21.
    Abrahamsson, Angela
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Hansson, Eva-Lena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Att beskriva personers upplevelse av sin livssituation efter att ha genomgått en gastric bypass operation ur ett fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt perspektiv: Litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Obesity is now a growing problem in the world and as a result, several do gastric bypass surgery for weight loss. It is important that the experiences from a physical, mental and social approach is illuminated to provide a better understanding and to help them to right direction.

    Aim: To describe the experience situation of life a one person after doing a gastric bypass surgery from a physical, psychological and social perspective.

    Method: A descriptive study of eleven scientific articles.

    Results: After a gastric bypass, the people have a more positive attitude towards life according the three perspectives. They experienced that they fit into society and could participate in the social and physical context in a better way than before. Sometime after the surgery, the participants experienced that they were back into the old habits which gave them a worse quality of life. They ment that the operation was a tool but the hard part remained and they expected a challenge, as some managed better than others.

    Conclusions: It is important to give people good support, and information to enable them to preserve their new lifestyle. They are making a great mental effort, therefore they are indeed of psychotherapy and guidence to find a suitable copingstrategy to handle different situations.

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  • 22.
    Abrahimi, Roqaya
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Chekomasova, Anastasiia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Personernas upplevelser av att leva med diabetes mellitus2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that has risen from 108 million to 422 million between 1980 and 2014. The disease is caused by elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream related to insulin deficiency or insulin-resistant tissue cells. The disease requires lifelong medical treatment and adherence to healthy lifestyles. Health professionals have an important role in the development of the person's ability to coexist with the disease.

    Purpose: to describe person's experiences of living with diabetes mellitus. 

    Method: a descriptive literature review based on 15 qualitative studies relevant to the purpose of the study. Databases PubMed and CINAHL were used when searching for relevant scientific studies. 

    Main result: Coexistence with diabetes mellitus requires an approach to healthy lifestyles and follow-up of medical recommendations, which affects the person's quality of life and well-being in different ways. Person with diabetes saw health professionals and family have a supporting role in managing diabetes. 

    Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects a person's state of health and quality of life. Person`s experience a lack of knowledge related to lack of information and guidance from caregivers. In order to achieve good quality of life and well-being in patients, it is important that nurses carry out their work based on person-centered nursing.

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  • 23.
    Ackelman, Birgitta Helmerson
    et al.
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Area Occupat Therapy & Phys Therapy, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Sundholm, Anna
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kierkegaard, Marie
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Funct Area Occupat Therapy & Phys Therapy, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hedborg, Kerstin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Waldenlind, Elisabet
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Ingela, A.
    Remahl, M. Nilsson
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Migraine patient school (MPS) - A structured multimodal educational programme for patients with high frequency and chronic migraine2019In: Cephalalgia, ISSN 0333-1024, E-ISSN 1468-2982, Vol. 39, p. 332-332Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Adolfsson, Jenny
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Philipsson, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Faktorer som kan påverka sjuksköterskans följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Health-related infections (HRI) are the most frequent occurring care damages in inpatient care. HRI’s does not only impact the individual patient, but it also creates high costs and causes high levels of stress at the organization, as well as the community level. Nurses’ application of and compliance with evidence-based guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines is the most effective way to prevent HRI. An examination of the various factors that contributes to the lack of compliance with the different guidelines are crucial in order to increase the theoretical and practical knowledge amongst nurses. This automatically leads to the performing of a safer patient care.

    Aim: The purpose of this literature study was to identify and describe the various factors that may impact the nurse's compliance with basic hygiene routines in the prevention of healthcare related infections and to describe the data collection methods in the academic literature.

    Method: A descriptive literature study with results from 12 scientific articles. The literature research was performed in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The articles were also reviewed based on their data collection method.

    Main results: Several factors contributed to how the nurses followed evidence-based guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines. The accessibility that nurses had to hygiene products was a primary cause. Lack of knowledge, time shortage, and high workload were additional causes as to why the basic hygiene routines were not properly performed. Contrary to this, good colleagues, good communication, and a safe workplace proved to be factors with a positive impact on preventive work. Surveys, observations and combined data collection methods were used in the included scientific articles.

    Conclusion: There are several factors that affect nurses compliance with guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines. By creating awareness among nurses regarding these factors, they are given the possibility of improving the preventive work against HRI.

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  • 25.
    Agebro, Olivia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Nilsson, Märtha
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Skattningen och sambanden mellan psykosocial arbetsmiljö och välbefinnande hos primärvårdssköterskor: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv och korrelativ design2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Statistics show that 8% of all licensed nurses do not work in healthcare. Causes are high workload and work-related stress. Previous research presents that workplaces proactively work for the well-being of staff have more prosperous employees. Without the feeling of well-being of the nurse, patient safety and the quality of care will be worse.

    Aim: Aim to describe the primary care nurse’s assessment of the psychosocial work environment and well-being and study the relationship between these variables.

    Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study with descriptive and correlational design. A total of 170 questionnaires were sent out to nurses and district nurses working in regionally managed and privately owned primary care in Central Sweden. Response rate: 58%. Instrument used; Factors perceived stress symptoms, Thriving Scale, Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire Version III.

    Result: Strong correlation between high work-privacy conflicts and higher stress symptoms were seen, this means the variables co-vary negatively. High work pace correlates negatively with stress symptoms. Positive correlation was seen between feeling pride in the organization and well-being, vitality, learning and thriving at the workplace. Vitality and learning were rated high, which indicates high levels of thriving.

    Conclusion: Several statistically significant relationships between psychosocial work environments and well-being were found. This implies that psychosocial work environment affects primary care nurse’s well-being. It underlines the importance of organizations prioritizing creating a sustainable work environment for the well-being to be preserved and improved.

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    Skattningen och sambanden mellan psykosocial arbetsmiljö och välbefinnande hos primärvårdssköterskor
  • 26.
    Aggarwal, Felicia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Landström, Sofia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Effekten av olika typer av fysisk aktivitet för patienter med diabetes typ 22020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a condition that is increasing in the world and targets the youth. There is much that the patients can do themselves to influence the disease in form of self-care, for example through physical activity. Aim The aim was to describe the effect of physical activity on adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method This was a literature study in which 11 original articles with a quantitative approach had been reviewed and analyzed. Results Physical activity improved both bodily functions, biomedical markers and patients’ quality of life. The results were influenced by the type of exercise and intensity of physical activity they practiced. Hypoglycemic drug inhibited the good results of physical activity. Conclusion Physical activity was a effective form of treatment where the most favorable results were shown. The effect depended on the form of exercise, intensity and the patients’ compliance. As a nurse it can be important to motivate, inform and support the patients towards a healthier lifestyle.

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  • 27.
    Aghayari, Ana
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Upplevelser vid måltidssituationer som de beskrivs av strokepatienter med dysfagi: En litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Stroke is an endemic disease, which in Sweden approximately 30 000 persons yearly are taken by and is estimated to cost society around 18 billion Swedish kronor (SEK). Dysphagia (eating difficulty in swallowing) is a common and known disorder in stroke patients. Dysphagia is not a disease itself, but rather a symptom of something underlying for example stroke. Dysphagia can lead to malnutrition and the risk of increased mortality.

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  • 28.
    Agic, Alma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Skogsfjord, Rebecka
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter samt följder av trakassering på arbetsplatsen2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 29.
    Ahlgren, Linda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology.
    Hedlund-Ekström, Annika
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology.
    Barns rätt och behov av kunskap om sitt ursprung. Attityder hos par som tar emot donerade ägg eller spermier samt de som donerar.2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to describe what attitudes there were among recipients and donors about the guiding principles that should comply with oocyte- and sperm donation. The purpose was also to investigate if there were any differences within the groups of recipient women and men and the donor group considering disclosure to the child about their origin.

    The study became a part of a national project. Data were collected with questionnaire that included earlier described aspects. It was formed with statements to take stands towards in form of “agree” or “disagree”. Number of participants were 333 and data were collected from April 2005 until spring 2008.

    The main results found that among donors and the attitudes toward the child’s right to get knowledge about their origin showed that women was significantly more positive in several aspects then the men. The results also showed that considering the guiding principles that should comply with gametes donation the recipients and donors had just about similar attitudes. For the recipients there was only the women who had a significant difference in one of the statements, otherwise there was no difference in either of both groups for the attitudes about disclosure to the child.

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  • 30.
    Ahlin, Catharina
    et al.
    karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
    Löfmark, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science.
    Klang, Birgitta
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
    Johansson, Eva
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
    Development of instruments for assessment of nursing students’ knowledge and skills in performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 31.
    Ahlin, Catharina
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Löfmark, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science.
    Klang Söderkvist, Birgitta
    Karolinska instituet.
    Johansson, Eva
    Karolinska Instituet.
    Development of instruments for assessment of knowledge and skills in performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters2013In: Journal of Vascular Access, ISSN 1129-7298, E-ISSN 1724-6032, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 364-372Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Performing venepuncture is one of the most routinely performed invasive procedures in nursing care. The aim of this study was to develop instruments for the assessment of nursing students' knowledge and skills when performing venepuncture and inserting a peripheral venous catheter. 
Methods: Two instruments were developed using the following steps. 1) Assessment items of importance for the procedures (venepuncture 48 items and peripheral venous catheter 51 items) were collected from focus groups including nurses, lecturers and patients. 2) The number of items was reduced using a method based on the Delphi method. Experts (n=51) reviewed the instruments in two rounds. The revised versions included 31 items for venepuncture and 33 items for peripheral venous catheter insertion. 3) Usability tests were conducted by nurses who tested the instruments to confirm that items were possible to assess. 4) Inter-rater reliability was assessed by twelve lecturers who in pairs, but independently of each other, used the instruments to assess 50 nursing students. 
Results: Proportion of agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient were calculated for each item to determine inter-rater reliability. Among the tested items for both instruments, the median proportion of agreement was 1 (range 0.66-1) and the median kappa was 0.52 (range 0.22-1). 
Conclusions: The instruments developed for assessing nursing students' knowledge and skills of venepuncture and peripheral venous catheter insertion showed satisfactory inter-rater reliability.

  • 32.
    Ahlstedt, Jenny Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Naturbaserade interventioner som ett komplement till traditionell terapi för att främja psykisk hälsa: En kvalitativ studie om användning av både djur och natur för att främja psykisk hälsa2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate how professionals in nature-based interventions work to promote mental health. The study focused on how professionals find that nature-based interventions are a complement to the traditional therapy for preventing mental illness and promoting mental health. It also addresses what challenges exist in maintaining   of nature-based interventions. Methods: This is a qualitative, inductive study where semi-structured interviews were used. The interviews with five professionals were recorded to facilitate transcription and after that a systematic thematic analysis was started to find patterns and codes in the respondents' answers. The results from this study showed the importance of having both preventive and promotional interventions and that the activities performed are meaningful. Gardening, nature and animalassisted therapy were central activities. It is a stress-free environment, focusing on the  individual in the group. The challenges for the businesses are lack of support from society and traditional health care. Many people have been helped by nature-based interventions as a  complement to traditional therapy.  Conclusion: Mental health is an important issue to tackle and therefore supplementary treatment is needed. Nature-based interventions are needed as a complement to traditional therapy to prevent mental illness and promote mental health. 

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  • 33.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Managers’ Work, Working Conditions and Wellbeing in Small Companies with Profitable Growth2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing are important determinants of occupational health in organizations. Nevertheless, little research has investigated these factors in the context of small growing businesses, which are known to contribute to employment, economic growth and social stability. The aim of this thesis was to explore managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing in the context of small businesses with profitable growth. 

    Methods Study I used a cross-sectional design to assess patterns in managerial work activities and leadership behaviours. Studies II–IV used qualitative interviews with managers (II–IV) and employees (II) to explore the effects of managers’ wellbeing on their leadership (II), their working conditions (III), and changes in their working conditions and wellbeing in the context of growing small businesses (IV).

    Results Managers worked long hours, posing risks for occupational health, but also adopted work practices that bolster occupational health. Firm size matters for managerial work. Managers’ wellbeing reflected in their mood and energy levels and influenced their leadership behaviours and performance, and the company’s work environment. Managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when they felt unwell. Certain factors mitigated the consequences of their negative behaviours in the organization. Five types of managers’ demands and resources (daily managerial work; achievement of results; and social; organizational; and individual factors) were identified, where the specificity of the small business context revealed unique characteristics. Company growth changed managers’ experiences of working conditions and wellbeing.

    Conclusions The specific context of small growing businesses shaped managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing and the interplay between them. Dynamism in the organizational context due to growth had implications for managers’ work, working conditions and wellbeing.

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  • 34.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Lundqvist, Daniel
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Education and Sociology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science.
    A qualitative study of factors that managers in small companies consider important for their wellbeing2023In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 2286669Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    Given the importance of small businesses for society, and the significance of managers’ wellbeing for employee health, leadership, and business performance, more knowledge is needed on the sources of managers’ wellbeing. This study explored factors within the small business context that were perceived by managers to hinder or enable their wellbeing.

    Methods

    Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with 20 managers from 12 small companies, and analysed with content analysis.

    Results

    The factors that these managers in small businesses experienced as enhancing or hindering their personal wellbeing covered five categories: demands and resources in the daily managerial work, achievement of results, social factors, organizational factors, and individual factors.

    Conclusions

    The specific context of managerial work in small companies encompasses unique factors. For instance, the small company managers’ wellbeing was affected by vulnerability due to the smallness of the business and the absence of available resources. Simultaneously, a small company context provided a strong social climate and close relationships with employees and customers that strengthened the managers’ wellbeing. The findings suggest that the availability of financial, personnel, and organizational resources varies between small companies of different size, which may have implications for small business managers’ work and wellbeing.

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  • 35.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Lundqvist, Daniel
    Linköpings universitet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. EPIUnit–Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
    Managers’ and employees’ experiences of how managers’ wellbeing impacts their leadership behaviours in Swedish small businesses2023In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 75, no 1, p. 97-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:There is a growing interest in managers’ wellbeing due to the observed associations between their wellbeing and leadership behaviours, and between leadership behaviours and employees’ wellbeing. However, it is still unclear how managers’ wellbeing influences their practiced leadership across different workplace contexts, which specific behaviours are affected, and how this varies across time.

    OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was therefore to explore managers’ and employees’ experiences and perceptions regarding the consequences of managers’ wellbeing for their leadership behaviours in small businesses.

    METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 participants (19 managers and 18 employees) working at 12 Swedish small firms, and analysed using content analysis.

    RESULTS:The findings show that managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when unwell. Variations in managers’ wellbeing influenced their mood, energy level, and performance, as well as the company’s working climate. However, these destructive leadership variations did not have a substantial impact, because several protective factors were present.

    CONCLUSION:This study shows that the wellbeing of managers in small businesses has perceptible consequences for their leadership behaviours. The study also shows that sustained leadership behaviours may coexist with temporary variations of these behaviours on a constructive-destructive continuum depending on the leader’s wellbeing. Overall, the findings contribute to a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of how the interaction between managers’ wellbeing and their behaviours unfolds in the particular context of small companies.

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  • 36.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Psychology, Sports Science and Occupational Health Sciences, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Lundqvist, Daniel
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Psychology, Sports Science and Occupational Health Sciences, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work, Criminology and Public Health Sciences, Public Health Science.
    Managers in the context of small business growth: a qualitative study of working conditions and wellbeingManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. University of Porto.
    Larsson, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. LKAB.
    Managers’ work and behaviour patterns in profitable growth SMEs2021In: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913, Vol. 57, p. 849-863Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigated managers’ work and behaviour patterns in profitable growth small- and medium-sized Swedish companies, and considered how these patterns might be associated with good health outcomes. Specifically, we looked at hours worked by managers, proportion of time spent on working activities, and leadership behaviour orientation. We used a quantitative cross-sectional design and collected data via a standardized questionnaire that was answered by 133 top managers. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, linear regression, and compositional data analysis. Our results indicate that the managers worked long hours, which is a health risk both for them as individuals and for their organizations, but also that they engaged in work practices and leadership behaviours that were favourable for organizational health and for their employees. The managers spent a high proportion of their time in touring, which could be beneficial to organizational health, and exercised active leadership through behaviours that contribute to both employee health and company effectiveness. Comparing our results to other studies, we can observe that patterns of managers’ time use differ between small and large companies, confirming that the size of the firm is an important determinant of managerial work.

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  • 38.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science.
    Larsson, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Managers’ working hours and time allocation in effective SMEs – an organizational health perspective2018In: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet – problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö?   10-12 juni 2018 Gävle: Program och abstracts / [ed] Per Lindberg, Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2018, p. 118-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    There is an increased global interest in occupational health across small businesses as they represent a large share of employers in many societies. In the model of healthy work organisations, employee health is a prerequisite for higher productivity and profitability and management practices are considered as determinants of organisational health. A better understanding of how managers in effective companies use their time can offer a better understanding of how this can affect employees’ well-being and business effect-iveness. Managers’ long working hours and share of time spent on Management by Walking Around (MBWA) are considered important characteristics of managers’ work that might have consequences for employees’ and managers’ own health outcomes, as well as for organisational effectiveness. MBWA is a management technique common for successful companies in regard to their effectiveness; providing an opportunity for a spontaneous manager-subordinate interaction that might be important for employee health and wellbeing. Studies of managerial work have to some extent not clearly placed managers’ time use in the broad context of leadership, often missing to link it with leadership behaviour theories, health and effectiveness.

    Objective

    The objective of this study was to explore, on the one hand, the total amount of working hours that managers spent, and on the other, their patterns of time allocation to different activities in effective SMEs. Research questions were: 1) What patterns regarding managers’ working hours can be identified across socio-demographic variables, leader-ship experience factors and leadership profiles in effective SMEs? 2) What patterns regarding proportions of total working hours spent on MBWA can be identified across socio-demographic variables, leadership experience factors and leadership profiles in effective SMEs?

    Method

    The study used data collected within the project, “Successful Companies in Gästrikland”. Annually the project nominates 120 companies for the award based on companies’ financial indicators. The study employed a cross-sectional design and analysed responses to questionnaires collected within the project during years 2014-2018. The inclusion criteria were small and medium sized companies (more than four and less than 250 subordinates), high-level managers having subordinates. Data analysis were carried out using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

    Results

    The results section is being processed and will be reported on the conference.

  • 39.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för socialt arbete.
    Culture, Religion and Spirituality in Coping: The Example of Cancer Patients in Sweden2006Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Recent research has shown significant associations (negative and positive) between religious and spiritual factors and mental health. Much of this research, however, has been conducted in the US, where religion is an integrated part of most people’s lives. Other studies on religious and spiritually oriented coping conducted outside the US have also focused on religious people. Yet many are non-believers, and many believers do not consider themselves religious, i.e. religion is not an important part of their life. There are also societies in which the dominant culture and ways of thinking dismiss the role of religion in people’s lives. Research on religious coping rarely takes these people into consideration. Thus, the following questions arise: How are religion and spirituality involved in coping when non-believers or non-religious people face difficult events? How do culture and ways of thinking affect people’s choice of religious and spiritual coping methods? Proceeding from a cultural approach to coping and health, this book attempts to address these questions by looking at the coping strategies of Swedish cancer patients.

  • 40.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för socialt arbete.
    Hard and Heavy Music: Can It Make a Difference in the Young Cancer Patients' Life?2009In: Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, E-ISSN 1504-1611, Vol. 9, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study on the basis of which this article is written was to examine, from the patients’ perspective, the role music plays as a coping method when facing cancer. Here, using music as a coping method refers to using music (listening to and/or playing music individually or participating in a music therapy program) frequently in order to deal with the significant demands presented by cancer. A semi-structured interview with 17 cancer patients who have used music (listened to or played music) in order to cope with their illness was applied. Five of interviewees were men and twelve women. The youngest informant was 24 and the oldest 73 years old. In the paper presented in this conference I will discuss the result of my study concerning the effects of hard and heavy music in coping with cancer. The result of study shows that hard and heavy music as a coping method:

    - by calling in question the cultural demands of having control over their feelings, helps the young cancer patients to obtain their control,

    - by questioning what are conventionally defined as meaning of life, helps the young cancer patients to find a meaning,

    - by calling in question  the cultural requests of being calm and collected helps the young cancer patients to get their tranquility,  

    - by cheering unhealthy behaviors like using drug and having violent sex helps the young cancer patients to recover their mental health.

    All this due to the possibility the heavy and hard music provides for the young cancer patients to get self-confidence by putting away the false mask one wear and be who she/he really is.

  • 41.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Meaning-Making Methods for Coping with Serious Illness2018Book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This book provides an alternative, complementary approach to the existing conventional approaches to religious and spiritually oriented coping. By focusing on the role of culture, the authors take into account the methods employed by a vast number of people who do not directly identify themselves as religious. The empirical data used in this book derive from studies conducted in several countries; Sweden, China, South Korea, Turkey and Malaysia, across which religion plays a different role in the social and cultural life of individuals. This approach and these empirical data are unique and allow comparisons to be made between different cultural settings.

    By introducing the concept of meaning-making coping, the authors explore the influence of culture on choice of coping methods, be they purely religious, spiritual or existential. The term "existential meaning-making coping" is used to describe coping methods that are related to existential questions; these methods include religious, spiritual and existential coping methods.

    Meaning-making Methods for Coping with Serious Illness contributes to new approaches and theoretical models of coping. As such it is an invaluable resource for health care, medical, public health and sociology students and researchers. It will also be of interest to educators and policy-makers working in the area of health.

  • 42.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Nature as the most important coping strategy among cancer patients: a Swedish survey2015In: Journal of religion and health, ISSN 0022-4197, E-ISSN 1573-6571, Vol. 54, no 4, p. 1177-1190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The authors have conducted a quantitative survey to examine the extent to which the results obtained in a qualitative study among cancer patients in Sweden (Ahmadi, Culture, religion and spirituality in coping: The example of cancer patients in Sweden, Uppsala, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006) are applicable to a wider population of cancer patients in this country. In addition to questions relating to the former qualitative study, this survey also references the RCOPE questionnaire (designed by Kenneth I Pargament) in the design of the new quantitative study. In this study, questionnaires were distributed among persons diagnosed with cancer; 2,355 people responded. The results show that nature has been the most important coping method among cancer patients in Sweden. The highest mean value (2.9) is the factor ‘nature has been an important resource to you so that you could deal with your illnesses’. Two out of three respondents (68 %) affirm that this method helped them feel significantly better during or after illness. The second highest average (2.8) is the factor ‘listening to ‘natural music’ (birdsong and the wind)’. Two out of three respondents (66 %) answered that this coping method significantly helped them feel better during illness. The third highest average (2.7) is the factor ‘to walk or engage in any activity outdoors gives you a spiritual sense’. This survey concerning the role of nature as the most important coping method for cancer patients confirms the result obtained from the previous qualitative studies. 

  • 43.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge.
    Sanctification in Coping From a Cultural Perspective2022In: Illness, crisis and loss, ISSN 1054-1373, E-ISSN 1552-6968, Vol. 30, no 3, p. 465-488Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sanctification is an important phenomenon and should be of keen interest to those studying religious and spiritually oriented coping. Oddly enough, this phenomenon has not received a great deal of attention. One reason may be that sanctification does not directly apply to institutional religious involvement. Moreover, the sacred cannot easily be discerned in people’s coping experience. On important issue is also the lack of attention to the role of culture in coping. One of the researchers who has paid considerable attention to the concept of sanctification and has developed it from different perspectives is Kenneth Pargament. The aim of this article is give rise to a vital discussion on the role of sanctification in coping from a cultural perspective. In doing this, we will first introduce Pargament’s approach to religion and spirituality and then his view on sanctification and then we will put forward our own critique of some discussions on this subject, concluding with our own view. 

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  • 44.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    The relationship between culture and health2018In: MEANING-MAKING METHODS FOR COPING WITH SERIOUS ILLNESS, ROUTLEDGE , 2018, p. 101-141Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    The study in East Asia2018In: MEANING-MAKING METHODS FOR COPING WITH SERIOUS ILLNESS, ROUTLEDGE , 2018, p. 60-76Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    The study in Muslim countries2018In: MEANING-MAKING METHODS FOR COPING WITH SERIOUS ILLNESS, ROUTLEDGE , 2018, p. 77-100Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Theoretical framework2018In: MEANING-MAKING METHODS FOR COPING WITH SERIOUS ILLNESS, ROUTLEDGE , 2018, p. 8-27Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Western Protestant culture Swedish culture and coping2018In: MEANING-MAKING METHODS FOR COPING WITH SERIOUS ILLNESS, ROUTLEDGE , 2018, p. 28-59Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Erbil, Pelin
    Clinic of Humanite Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Cetrez, Önver A.
    Faculty of Theology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Religion, Culture and Meaning-Making Coping: A Study Among Cancer Patients in Turkey2019In: Journal of religion and health, ISSN 0022-4197, E-ISSN 1573-6571, Vol. 58, no 4, p. 1115-1124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the present project has been to carry out international studies on meaning-making coping among people who have been affected by cancer in a number of societies and, thereby, to try to understand the influence of culture on use of these coping methods. Five countries—Sweden, South Korea, China, Japan, and Turkey—are included in the project. Qualitative semistructured interviews have been conducted with persons with a cancer diagnosis. The research group in each country has used, as a foundation, the interview questions developed for the Swedish study. These questions were, however, modified to better suite the sociocultural context of each participating country. The results presented here concern only Turkey and are restricted to religious coping methods. The study consists of 25 cancer patients (18 females and 7 males) between 20 and 71 years of age. The results of the study in Turkey indicated that the RCOPE (Religious Coping) methods are highly relevant for the interviewees. A sociological analysis of the study made from a cultural perspective showed clearly the importance of the idea of being tolerant (Sabr) for patients when coping with the psychological problems brought about by cancer. The study made it clear that culture plays an essential role in the choice of coping methods.

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  • 50.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Khodayarifard, Mohammad
    University of Tehran.
    Rabbani, Mohammad
    University of Tehran.
    Zandi, Saeid
    Allameh Tabataba’i University, Iran.
    Sabzevari, Mona
    Shahid Beheshti University, Iran.
    Existential Meaning-Making Coping in Iran: A Qualitative Study among Patients with Cancer2022In: Social Sciences, E-ISSN 2076-0760, Vol. 11, no 2, article id 80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article is written on the basis of a study on meaning-making coping in Iran. The study is a part of an international project in 10 countries with different religious and cultural backgrounds. This article aims to discuss the secular existential meaning-making coping methods employed by Iranian cancer patients. Interviews were conducted with 27 participants with various kinds of cancer. Nine secular existential meaning-making coping strategies emerged from the analyses of the qualitative interviews. These coping methods are as follows: Ignoring the illness, Distraction, Altruism, Encounter with others, Nature, Discourse of the self, Visualization, Positive solitude, and Positive thinking and transformational orientation. It seems that, using these strategies, our sample of Iranian cancer patients/survivors have been denying/ignoring their illness, and/or empowering themselves. We discuss the results, considering the potential influence of cultural elements, including Iranian Islam, Persian mysticism, and Persian literature, on the selection of the coping strategies. The study contributes to our understanding of coping via elucidating how seriously ill individuals in Iran try to manage the challenges caused by a health crisis. 

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