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  • 1.
    Aasum Hultberg, Rosanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Det är väl på sätt och vis det heteronormativa samhället som har gjort mig till transperson […]”: En enkätstudie med transpersoner2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim was to study transgender persons’ experiences of, and reactions upon, attitudes and social norms in relation to their gender identity. Another question that was relevant to answer was how transgender persons are affected by the hetero norm. The method used to collect data was through questionnaires published on the internet. The only requirement to participate was to be a transgender over 18 years old, and when the survey closed, 35 respondents had answered it. The questionnaire consisted of both quantitative and qualitative questions. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

    The results indicate that transgender persons living conditions are largely affected by norms, and that they encounter a considerable amount of negative attitudes due to their gender identity. To "pass" as either man or woman turned out to be something that made it easier for transgender people to evade negative attitudes.

    One hope is that this study can provide knowledge to different instances in the community to open up to be more open to critical thinking around norms.

    The conclusion was that persons with a transgender identity are affected by societal norms and by heteronormativity. It takes a lot of courage to be able to be one self but everything boils down to how strong a person are and the availability of support and role models in the surrounding society. 

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  • 2.
    Abbasi, Seyed Hesameddin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Petroleum Health Research Institute, Tehran, Iran .
    De Leon, Antonio Ponce
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Kassaian, Seyed Ebrahim
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Karimi, Abbasali
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Department of Psychology, Mid-Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Socioeconomic status and in‑hospital mortality of acute coronary syndrome: can education and occupation serve as preventive measures?2015In: International Journal of Preventive Medicine, ISSN 2008-7802, E-ISSN 2008-8213, Vol. 6, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly affect the clinical outcome of medical problems. We sought to assess the in-hospital mortality of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) according to their SES.

    METHODS: All patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center due to 1(st)-time ACS between March 2004 and August 2011 were assessed. The patients who were illiterate/lowly educated (≤5 years attained education) and were unemployed were considered low-SES patients and those who were employed and had high educational levels (>5 years attained education) were regarded as high-SES patients. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and in-hospital medical progress data were recorded. Death during the course of hospitalization was considered the end point, and the impact of SES on in-hospital mortality was evaluated.

    RESULTS: A total of 6246 hospitalized patients (3290 low SES and 2956 high SES) were included (mean age = 60.3 ± 12.1 years, male = 2772 [44.4%]). Among them, 79 (1.26%) patients died. Univariable analysis showed a significantly higher mortality rate in the low-SES group (1.9% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for possible cofounders, SES still showed a significant effect on the in-hospital mortality of the ACS patients in that the high-SES patients had a lower in-hospital mortality rate (odds ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.094-0.980; P = 0.046).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study found that patients with low SES were at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality due to the ACS. Furthermore, the results suggest the need for increased availability of jobs as well as improved levels of education as preventive measures to curb the unfolding deaths owing to coronary artery syndrome.

  • 3.
    Abbasi, Seyed Hesameddin
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Ethnic Differences in the Risk Factors and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: a Patient-Based Study in Iran2018In: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, ISSN 2197-3792, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 623-631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Diverse ethnic groups may differ regarding the risk factors and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study sought to assess the association between ethnicity and CAD risk and severity in six major Iranian ethnic groups.

    Methods

    In this study, 20,165 documented coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary angiography at a tertiary referral heart center were recruited. The demographic, laboratory, clinical, and risk factor data of all the patients were retrieved. The Gensini score (an indicator of CAD severity) was calculated for all, and the risk factors and severity of CAD were compared between the ethnical groups, using adjusted standardized residuals, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multivariable regression analysis.

    Results

    The mean age of the participants (14,131 [70.1%] men and 6034 [29.9%] women) was 60.7 ± 10.8 years. The Fars (8.7%) and Gilak (8.6%) ethnic groups had the highest prevalence of ≥4 simultaneous risk factors. The mean Gensini score was the highest for the Gilaks (77.1 ± 55.9) and the lowest among the Lors (67.5 ± 52.8). The multivariable regression analysis showed that the Gilaks had the worst severity (β 0.056, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.102; P = 0.018), followed by the Torks (β 0.032, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.059; P = 0.020). Meanwhile, the Lors showed the lowest severity (β −0.087, 95% CI −0.146 to −0.027; P = 0.004).

    Conclusions

    This study found that there was heterogeneity in CAD severity and a diverse distribution in its well-known traditional risk factors among major Iranian ethnic groups.

  • 4.
    Abbasi, Seyed
    et al.
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Mid-Sweden University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. Mid-Sweden University.
    Mortality from Acute Coronary Syndrome: Does Place of Residence Matter?2022In: Journal of Teheran University Heart Center, ISSN 1735-8620, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 56-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Current evidence shows inequality in the outcomes of rural and urban patients treated at their place of residence. This study compared in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to find whether there were differences in the outcome and received treatment.

    Methods: Between May 2007 and January 2018, patients admitted with ACS were included. The patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as their in-hospital medical courses, were recorded. The association between place of residence (rural/urban) and in-hospital mortality due to ACS was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

    Results: Of 9088 recruited patients (mean age =61.30±12.25 y; 5557 men [61.1%]), 838 were rural residents. A positive family history of coronary artery disease (P=0.003), smoking (P=0.002), and hyperlipidemia (P=0.026), as well as a higher body mass index (P=0.013), was seen more frequently in the urban patients, while the rural patients had lower education levels (P<0.001) and higher unemployment rates (P=0.009). In-hospital mortality occurred in 135 patients (1.5%): 10 rural (1.2%) and 125 urban (1.5%) patients (P=0.465). The Firth regression model, used to adjust the effects of possible confounders, showed no significant difference concerning in-hospital mortality between the rural and urban patients (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.376 to 7.450; P=0.585).

    Conclusion: This study found no significant differences in receiving proper treatment and in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with ACS.

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  • 5.
    Abbott, Rebecca
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Straker, Leon
    Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Patterning of children's sedentary time at and away from school2013In: Obesity, ISSN 1930-7381, E-ISSN 1930-739X, Vol. 21, p. E131-E133Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective:

    Sedentary behavior in children is positively associated with an increased risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. Children spend a considerable portion of their awake time in sedentary behavior; however, the pattern of accumulation is not known. Thus the objective of this study was to describe the patterning of sedentary behavior of children at and away from school.

    Design and Methods:

    The patterns of sedentary time in a sample of 53 children (28 girls) aged 10-12 years during school-term time were examined. Children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Total sedentary time, prolonged sequences (bouts) of sedentary time, and frequency of active interruptions to sedentary were examined on school days and weekends and within school time and non-school time on school days.

    Results:

    The data did not support our hypothesis that children accumulated more sedentary time on school days when compared with weekend days (mean [SD]: 64.4% [5.3] vs. 64.9% [9.0], P = 0.686). However, when comparing school time with non-school time on school days, children accumulated more sedentary time at school (66.8% [7.3] vs. 62.4% [5.2], P < 0.001) and spent more time at school in sustained sedentary sequences, that is, uninterrupted sedentary time for 30 min or more (75.6 min [45.8] vs. 45.0 min [26.8], P < 0.002). The children also recorded less breaks per sedentary hour within school time when compared with non-school time (8.9 h−1 vs. 10.2 h−1, P < 0.001).

    Conclusion:

    Reducing total sedentary time spent both in and out of school remains an important challenge. Interrupting sedentary time more often in the “working” (school) day could also reap important musculoskeletal and metabolic health rewards for children.

  • 6.
    Abdi, Parvin Monika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Har elever tillräckligt med tid för att äta?: En undersökning på högstadieelevers upplevelser av skolmåltiden2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Meal at school is a part of the school studies and it is important for health, but is also a prerequisite for both learning and enjoyment.  The school meal can provide students an opportunity to recover from their studies but sometimes students perceive the meal situation as stressful. It is important that the food environment at school works well for school children, so they do not have to rush during the meal and they can get the opportunity to eat in peace. The purpose of this study was to investigate how students perceive lunch break at school. If they feel they get enough time to eat and how they feel during the meal situation in the school restaurant. The research approach of this study was qualitative and the method of data collection was focus groups. Data were analyzed as a content analysis. The aim of the study were secondary school students in grade 7 and 9, one class from each grade was selected. The study was conducted at a secondary school in a municipality in Sweden with approximately 210 000 inhabitants. The results of the study show that students at secondary school feel they have enough time to eat lunch, but the lunch break is too short. The meal environment in the school restaurant is perceived as very messy and stressful. The meal situation was experienced as more stressful at grade 7 students than 9th grade students.  The conclusion was that students need longer lunch break and meal environment is perceived as stressful.

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  • 7.
    Ahlstedt, Jenny Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Naturbaserade interventioner som ett komplement till traditionell terapi för att främja psykisk hälsa: En kvalitativ studie om användning av både djur och natur för att främja psykisk hälsa2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate how professionals in nature-based interventions work to promote mental health. The study focused on how professionals find that nature-based interventions are a complement to the traditional therapy for preventing mental illness and promoting mental health. It also addresses what challenges exist in maintaining   of nature-based interventions. Methods: This is a qualitative, inductive study where semi-structured interviews were used. The interviews with five professionals were recorded to facilitate transcription and after that a systematic thematic analysis was started to find patterns and codes in the respondents' answers. The results from this study showed the importance of having both preventive and promotional interventions and that the activities performed are meaningful. Gardening, nature and animalassisted therapy were central activities. It is a stress-free environment, focusing on the  individual in the group. The challenges for the businesses are lack of support from society and traditional health care. Many people have been helped by nature-based interventions as a  complement to traditional therapy.  Conclusion: Mental health is an important issue to tackle and therefore supplementary treatment is needed. Nature-based interventions are needed as a complement to traditional therapy to prevent mental illness and promote mental health. 

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  • 8.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science.
    Larsson, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Managers’ working hours and time allocation in effective SMEs – an organizational health perspective2018In: FALF KONFERENS 2018 Arbetet – problem eller potential för en hållbar livsmiljö?   10-12 juni 2018 Gävle: Program och abstracts / [ed] Per Lindberg, Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2018, p. 118-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    There is an increased global interest in occupational health across small businesses as they represent a large share of employers in many societies. In the model of healthy work organisations, employee health is a prerequisite for higher productivity and profitability and management practices are considered as determinants of organisational health. A better understanding of how managers in effective companies use their time can offer a better understanding of how this can affect employees’ well-being and business effect-iveness. Managers’ long working hours and share of time spent on Management by Walking Around (MBWA) are considered important characteristics of managers’ work that might have consequences for employees’ and managers’ own health outcomes, as well as for organisational effectiveness. MBWA is a management technique common for successful companies in regard to their effectiveness; providing an opportunity for a spontaneous manager-subordinate interaction that might be important for employee health and wellbeing. Studies of managerial work have to some extent not clearly placed managers’ time use in the broad context of leadership, often missing to link it with leadership behaviour theories, health and effectiveness.

    Objective

    The objective of this study was to explore, on the one hand, the total amount of working hours that managers spent, and on the other, their patterns of time allocation to different activities in effective SMEs. Research questions were: 1) What patterns regarding managers’ working hours can be identified across socio-demographic variables, leader-ship experience factors and leadership profiles in effective SMEs? 2) What patterns regarding proportions of total working hours spent on MBWA can be identified across socio-demographic variables, leadership experience factors and leadership profiles in effective SMEs?

    Method

    The study used data collected within the project, “Successful Companies in Gästrikland”. Annually the project nominates 120 companies for the award based on companies’ financial indicators. The study employed a cross-sectional design and analysed responses to questionnaires collected within the project during years 2014-2018. The inclusion criteria were small and medium sized companies (more than four and less than 250 subordinates), high-level managers having subordinates. Data analysis were carried out using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

    Results

    The results section is being processed and will be reported on the conference.

  • 9.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för socialt arbete.
    Culture, Religion and Spirituality in Coping: The Example of Cancer Patients in Sweden2006Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Recent research has shown significant associations (negative and positive) between religious and spiritual factors and mental health. Much of this research, however, has been conducted in the US, where religion is an integrated part of most people’s lives. Other studies on religious and spiritually oriented coping conducted outside the US have also focused on religious people. Yet many are non-believers, and many believers do not consider themselves religious, i.e. religion is not an important part of their life. There are also societies in which the dominant culture and ways of thinking dismiss the role of religion in people’s lives. Research on religious coping rarely takes these people into consideration. Thus, the following questions arise: How are religion and spirituality involved in coping when non-believers or non-religious people face difficult events? How do culture and ways of thinking affect people’s choice of religious and spiritual coping methods? Proceeding from a cultural approach to coping and health, this book attempts to address these questions by looking at the coping strategies of Swedish cancer patients.

  • 10.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology, Ämnesavdelningen för socialt arbete.
    Hard and Heavy Music: Can It Make a Difference in the Young Cancer Patients' Life?2009In: Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, E-ISSN 1504-1611, Vol. 9, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study on the basis of which this article is written was to examine, from the patients’ perspective, the role music plays as a coping method when facing cancer. Here, using music as a coping method refers to using music (listening to and/or playing music individually or participating in a music therapy program) frequently in order to deal with the significant demands presented by cancer. A semi-structured interview with 17 cancer patients who have used music (listened to or played music) in order to cope with their illness was applied. Five of interviewees were men and twelve women. The youngest informant was 24 and the oldest 73 years old. In the paper presented in this conference I will discuss the result of my study concerning the effects of hard and heavy music in coping with cancer. The result of study shows that hard and heavy music as a coping method:

    - by calling in question the cultural demands of having control over their feelings, helps the young cancer patients to obtain their control,

    - by questioning what are conventionally defined as meaning of life, helps the young cancer patients to find a meaning,

    - by calling in question  the cultural requests of being calm and collected helps the young cancer patients to get their tranquility,  

    - by cheering unhealthy behaviors like using drug and having violent sex helps the young cancer patients to recover their mental health.

    All this due to the possibility the heavy and hard music provides for the young cancer patients to get self-confidence by putting away the false mask one wear and be who she/he really is.

  • 11.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Ljungqvist, ArneSvedsäter, GöranUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Sports science.
    Doping and public health2016Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Doping – the use of performance-enhancing substances and methods – has long been a high-profile issue in sport but in recent years it has also become an issue in wider society. This important new book examines doping as a public health issue, drawing on a multi-disciplinary set of perspectives to explore the prevalence, significance and consequences of doping in wider society. It introduces the epidemiology of doping, examines the historical context, and explores the social, behavioural, legal, ethical and political aspects of doping. The book also discusses possible interventions for addressing the problem on organisational and societal levels.

  • 12.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Ljungqvist, Arne
    Svedsäter, Göran
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Sports science.
    Introduction: Doping and Public Health2016In: Doping and Public Health / [ed] Nader Ahmadi, Arne Ljungqvist, Göran Svedsäter, Abingdon: Routledge, 2016, 1, , p. 151p. 1-10Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of “doping” is usually associated with sport, particularly elite sport. In fact, doping means the use of substances or methods that are banned in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) because of their potentially performance-enhancing effects. Their use is, therefore, considered to be against the fair play spirit of sport and can also include significant health risks for the user. However, the use of many doping substances is no longer limited to the world of sport. Doping substances such as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are nowadays used also by people who are not competitive athletes but who want to make use of the effects of AAS in making their bodies more muscular, stronger and impressive in conformity with the current masculine body ideal. The use of AAS and similar substances appears to be growing and has been found in a range of countries previously not researched. At least, recent data obtained from customs seizures, court cases and some surveys suggest that the extent of AAS use outside sport has been underestimated, some reasons probably being an underground circulation of such drugs in the gym and fitness culture and the easy availability of them on the internet. One particular concern is the increasing use of nutritional supplements by growing segments of society. A significant percentage of these products have been shown to contain prohibited substances such as steroids that are not listed on the label. This shows that the nutritional supplement industry needs to be more strictly regulated. Until that happens, supplements of dubious value, content and quality will continue to be easily available around the world. What, then, are the possible reasons that active and health-conscious individuals are willing to take the risk to use preparations such as AAS? A review of the research shows that the most important motive behind the use of AAS outside the elite sports environment, i.e., in a fitness context, is to improve physical appearance. Although most users are boys and young and middle-aged men, also women of various ages use doping substances. Different types of slimming pills are popular among women (including hormone preparations), but possibly even more interesting are the new female fitness and appearance ideals that are connected to muscles and strength. The body has become increasingly important for saying something about who we are. The hunt for the perfect appearance creates a situation where denial instead of acceptance of one’s own body influences the individual’s self-image.

  • 13.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Svedsäter, Göran
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Sports science.
    "The winner takes it all": Individualization and Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Methods in Sport and in Society2016In: Doping and Public Health / [ed] Nader Ahmadi, Arne Ljungqvist, Göran Svedsäter, Abingdon: Routledge, 2016, 1, , p. 151p. 38-48Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A common misconception in today's society is that everything is (or should be) rational and goal-oriented, which we summarized earlier as pragmatic rationalism. We call this pragmatic rationalism a misconception because it misses a historical fact that individuals' actions are and have never been governed entirely by rational motives. Emotional, ethical and existential considerations influence human actions extensively. Solidarity, willingness to share and even self-sacrifice and prioritizing the good of others before one's own are values that have survived many different economic cultures. Even today's extremely individualized society with its focus on reaching success and winning at any price cannot completely suppress these values. There is an inherent contradiction between the crude egoism of modern individualism and its historical development that largely has its origin in the care of humans.

  • 14.
    Aktas, Nazda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Rektorers uppfattningar om trygghet och elevernas psykosociala välbefinnande i grundskolan: En kvalitativ intervjustudie2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka rektorers uppfattningar gällande trygghet och elevers psykosociala välbefinnande i grundskolor belägna i utsatta områden runt om i Sverige. En kvalitativ induktiv metod användes baserad på fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer för att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Två kvinnor och två män – som var rektorer i grundskolor, deltog i denna studie. En kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys genomfördes. Resultaten av studien identifierade fem huvudkategorier och tolv underkategorier: trygghet, med underkategorierna ; kränkning och diskriminering samt fysisk och psykisk trygghet. Trygghetsarbete med underkategorierna; rutiner med kränkningar, trygghetsenkäter/samtal, förebyggande språkbruk och raster, värdegrundsarbete. Huvudkategorin relationer med underkategorierna; relation mellan elever och skolpersonal, relation mellan eleverna. Struktur har underkategorierna; regler och tydlighet i skolan och adaptiv skola. För huvudkategorin välbefinnande identifierades underkategorierna; psykisk hälsa , självförtroende och självkänsla.

     Slutsats: Studien tyder på att trygghet var en viktig indikator som kunde ha en inverkan på det psykosociala välbefinnandet i skolan. Utsatta områden har en lägre socioekonomisk status vilket gör att man bör arbeta för att främja tryggheten i dessa områden. Relationer och struktur i skolan spelade också en viktig roll för elevernas välmående. Trygghetsundersökningar är en utrustning som användes för att arbeta mot kränkning och diskriminering, vilket är två faktorer som kan påverka det psykosociala välbefinnandet. Det fanns också värdegrundsarbete som ingick i trygghetsarbetet. Värdegrundsarbete var också ett pågående arbete på några av skolorna, värdegrundsarbete kan ha en positiv effekt på välbefinnandet. Det visades också att hälsa och välbefinnande kunde påverkas beroende på den upplevda tryggheten.

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  • 15.
    Al-Fayadh Mean, Sophada
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Hur motiverar Studenthälsan universitetsstudenter till minskad alkoholkonsumtion?: - En kvalitativ intervjuundersökning2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

     

    Mean, A.F. S. (2019). How Student Health Center motivate university students to reduce alcohol consumption? A qualitative interview study was carried out at three selected Swedish universities and four professionals employed were included in this empirical study. Bachelor thesis in Public Health Science. Department of Occupational and Public Health Science. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. University of Gävle, Sweden.

     

    Background: Universities and Student Health Centers are arenas that works with motivation methods to reduce student’s alcohol consumption during studies. Previous studies have discussed social norms, alcohol culture and pointed out that nearly half of all Swedes between 18-25 years are university students. Over the years, this age group has had a higher alcohol intake compared to other periods in life. High alcohol consumption can affect health and all three sustainable aspects: social, economic and environmental sustainability that according to SDGs is to be achieved at year end 2030.

    The Aim of study: was to investigate how Student Health Centers motivate students to reduce alcohol consumption. Method: A qualitative interview study was carried out at three selected Swedish universities and four professionals’ employees at Student health centers were included in this investigation. Result: The Student Health Centers used a number of different evidence-based methods and strategies with motivational interview to motivate university students to reduce their alcohol consumption. Motivational work was focused on both individuals and groups. Motivational work based on personal experiences and the implementation of motivational conversations with students were accordance with students´ health status and their alcohol issues.

    Discussion: Students search motivational counseling not because of perceived alcohol problem, but due to stress factors and similar problems. A change in attitudes towards less alcohol intake among young adults could be reached due to increased awareness and knowledge of alcohol harm and alcohol-free drinks alternatives.

    Conclusion: The main task of the student Health Service is to try to reach all university students by using different motivational methods and tools. The main goal is to increase health promotion, reduce alcohol risk, prevent alcohol abuse and injuries at universities and colleges. Further qualitative research is needed to be able to identify patterns of underlying stress factors and alcohol-related ill-health among university students on a larger number of Universities and Student Health Centers.

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    Examensarbete VT19 Sophada Mean
  • 16.
    Alfredsson, Elin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Kulturella aktiviteters betydelse för äldres känsla av sammanhang: En enkätundersökning på två äldreboenden i Mellansverige2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was any association between participation in cultural activities and sense of coherence among seniors living in two nursing homes.

    Methods: A questionnaire based on Antonovskys SOC-13-questionaire was used, with added self-formulated questions including gender, age, level of physical function and participation in cultural activities. The questionnaire was distributed to 76 people 65 years and older without dementia at two nursing homes in central Sweden and 40 respondents answered the questionnaire. The material was processed and analyzed in the statistic computer program SPSS, where descriptive statistics were prepared and a chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis was performed.

    Results: No statistically significant relationship between participation in cultural activities and sense of coherence could be seen. However, there was a correlation between the level of function and SOC scores. The lower level of function, i.e. the more help the respondent needed in everyday life, the lower sense of coherence.

    Conclusion: Functional level seems to have greater impact on an individual's sense of coherence than participation in cultural activities in the given study population.

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  • 17.
    Andersson, Ellinor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Har ett idrottsmedlemskap som barn någon betydelse för den fysiska aktiviteten som vuxen?2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine whether students' memberships in sports clubs has affected their attitudes towards physical activity and physical activity level. It was a qualitative descriptive survey based on individual interviews. Results showed that there was a pattern between the former sports membership and current patterns of physical activity.  For instance, those who liked playing football at a young age, continue to adopt the same type of exercise today. This pattern applies to other types of physical activity, with or without club membership. In addition, many respondents thought that a club membership at a young age could have an impact on their physical activity as adults. This was mainly due to the positive feeling that sportsmen perception, that physical activity was something good and fun. Social cohesion in sport was the one thing that many of those interviewed believed was a major reason why sports, was perceived as positive.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 18.
    Andersson, Helena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Äldre motionärers upplevelser av motionsträning: en beskrivande intervjuundersökning2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Title: Older people's experiences of exercise training: a survey based on a descriptive design.

    Course: Public Health: Theory and method of application and degree, 30 credits. University of Gävle, health education program.

    Author: Helena Andersson

    Purpose: According to earlier research the western population is aging. This may affect, the older peoples`s physical disability in one form or another. The consequences may be that the need off care can increase. However elderly can prevent a variety of age-related diseases by being physically active. The study will examine how older people view physical activity and participation of other social activities. This is to improve understanding of older people's health and what can be done in the future.

    Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, in which four semi-structured interviews were conducted with older adults who exercise regularly. The interviews were based on a thematic interview guide with specific themes that gave informants space to talk freely about the issues raised. The sample consisted of three women and one man where the youngest was 63 and the oldest 74 years old.

    Results: Exercise was the highest priority of this group of people. It was in the connection with social interaction that the exercise became complete according to the informants. The place for exercise was found to be important; to train with others, seemed to generate joy, power, energy and motivation. This meant that all informants were rarely sick, which also was something that was pointed out. They exercise to obtain more healthy years.

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    Helena Andersson folkhälsa
  • 19.
    Andersson, Izabelle
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Är Instagram en pådrivande faktor till utvecklande av Ortorexi?: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys om hur flödet av bilder på Instagram påverkar unga kvinnors kroppsuppfattning, fysiska aktivitet och matvanor i relation till fenomenet ortorexi.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to explore if young women aged 18-20 years experienced that Instagram affected their body image, their physical activity and their eating habits in relation to the phenomenon orthorexia. The method for the study was a qualitative content analysis based on semi-structured interviews with four young women with the age of 18-20 years old. The results showed that Instagram affected young women's body image, their physical activity and their eating habits. Primarily body image and physical activity were most affected, eating habits were less affected. The results showed that there were both a positive and a negative impact, but by far a negative impact. Respondents experienced feelings like anxiety and guilt when, for example, a training session did not go as planned or after they had eaten an unhealthy meal. Their mindset and emotions that came forward in the results were partly linked to the phenomenon of orthorexia. The young women were adversely affected by the pictures and videos on Instagram and also by other social media. They exposed themselves to develop mental and physical ill health. Society should consider prioritizing the young women to prevent them from falling into the mindset that is similar to the phenomenon of orthorexia. 

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  • 20.
    Andersson, Johanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Att arbeta som jourtjej: krav och rekrytering2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Tjejjourer: krav och rekrytering
  • 21.
    Andersson, Karin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Arbetsrelaterad stress och dess inverkan på möjligheten till att vara fysiskt aktiv, hos ett urval av grundskolelärare: Intervjuundersökning2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Arbetsrelaterad stress och dess inverkan på möjligheten till att vara fysiskt aktiv, hos ett urval av grundskolelärare
  • 22.
    Andersson, Malin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Matvanor och sömn hos vårdpersonal vid nattarbete2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 23.
    Andersson, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Öga-nacke/skuldra problem hos en grupp synskadade män och kvinnor i åldrarna 17-92 år: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of self-reported visual and neck/shoulder complaints among individuals with a low vision diagnosis. The study also aimed to examine whether there was an association between the degree of self-rated visual and the neck/shoulder complaints. There was a questionnaire survey that was conducted on patients that visits an eye center in a county in central Sweden. There were a total of 18 people participated in the survey, between 17-92 years old. The questionnaire contained 22 questions and was analyzed with SPSS. The results showed how the distributions of answers were to the questions about the respondents’ vision respectively of respondents’ musculoskeletal problems. Results also showed that there was an association between the degree of self- rated visual difficulties and the degree of self- rated neck/shoulder disorder. The results in this study support the hypothesis that a relationship exists between visual and musculoskeletal problems.

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  • 24.
    Andreassen Devik, Siri
    et al.
    Centre of Care Research, Mid-Norway, Steinkjer, Norway; Department of Nursing, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Hellzén, Ove
    Department of Nursing, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Enmarker, Ingela
    Centre of Care Research, Mid-Norway, Steinkjer, Norway; Department of Nursing, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Nord-Trøndelag University College, Stjørdal, Norway.
    "Picking up the pieces" - Meanings of receiving home nursing care when being old and living with advanced cancer in a rural area2015In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 10, no 1, article id 28382Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rural home nursing care is a neglected area in the research of palliative care offered to older cancer patients. Because access to specialized services is hampered by long distances and fragmented infrastructure, palliative care is often provided through standard home nursing services and delivered by general district nurses. This study aimed to illuminate the lived experience and to interpret the meaning of receiving home nursing care when being old and living with advanced cancer in a rural area in Norway. Narrative interviews were conducted with nine older persons, and a phenomenological hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the meaning of the lived experience. The analysis revealed three themes, each with subthemes: being content with what one gets, falling into place, and losing one's place. The phrase picking up the pieces was found useful to sum up the meaning of this lived experience. The three respective themes refer to how the pieces symbolize the remaining parts of life or available services in their environment, and how the older persons may see themselves as pieces or bricks in a puzzle. A strong place attachment (physical insideness, social insideness, and autobiographical insideness) is demonstrated by the informants in this study and suggests that the rural context may provide an advantageous healthcare environment. Its potential to be a source of comfort, security, and identity concurs with cancer patients’ strong desire for being seen as unique persons. The study shows that district nurses play an essential role in the provision of palliative care for older rural patients. However, the therapeutic value of being in one's familiar landscape seems to depend on how homecare nurses manage to locate it and use it in a more or less person-centred manner. Communication skills and attentiveness to psychosocial aspects of patient care stand out as important attributes for nursing in this context.

  • 25.
    Annerquist, Jessica
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Plastens påverkan på folkhälsan: En kvalitativ studie om återvinning och reducering av plast2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to examine different local actors and workplaces to find out what they are doing to reduce the use of plastic. Four interviews were conducted to find out how they are working to reduce plastic in their workplaces and if the informants were aware of the impact that plastic has on the environment and on human health. The results show that the awareness of the informants has increased, and they are acting to reduce plastic at the workplace. The customers are informed by the informants at the workplace of the actors work to reduce their use of plastic. The public can participate in events hosted by the county where they can come and see what is being done for the environment, human health and the reducing of plastic in nature. Therefor it is very important that the county, local shops and the population are cooperating to ensure a plastic free environment and better health for the people.

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  • 26.
    Arakelian, Erebouni
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård.
    Hellman, Therese
    Uppsala universitet, Arbets- och miljömedicin.
    Svartengren, Magnus
    Uppsala universitet, Arbets- och miljömedicin.
    Experiences of the initial phase implementation of the STAMINA-model in perioperative context addressing environmental issues systematically: A qualitative study2020In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 17, no 9, article id 3037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    (1) Background: Challenges in perioperative settings put demands on staff working with systematic work environment management. A support model, STAMINA (Structured and Time-effective Approach through Methods for an Inclusive and Active working life), was implemented in a hospital in Sweden, to help staff address environmental issues systematically. The aim was to describe the experiences of the initial phase of implementation of the adapted STAMINA model in perioperative context. (2) Methods: Qualitative individual interviews were held with 14 managers and employees (three men and 11 women). Data were analysed by systematic text condensation. (3) Results: Five themes were identified: Limited knowledge of the model and the implementation process; scepticism, lack of confidence in the model and a passive attitude; the model offered increased participation; the culture in the organization-to understand one's role as employees and managers; and endurance and feedback are key factors for success in the implementation process. (4) Conclusions: Scepticism turned to positive attitude by recognising that the STAMINA model offered increased participation. In order to have successful implementation, the organisational culture must be taken into consideration by giving the employees increased responsibilities and timely feedbacks. Role description, goal definition, feedback, and sticking to one model are key factors for success.

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  • 27.
    Aspelin, Johanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Employment status, gender and self-reported health2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Employment status, gender and self-reported health
  • 28.
    Astner, Amanda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science.
    Fritidsgårdars arbete med ungdomars upplevda trygghet – en kvalitativ intervjustudie i en svensk storstad2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med den här studien var att i en svensk storstad undersöka fritidsgårdars arbete med ungdomars upplevda trygghet i samhället. En induktiv kvalitativ metod med fyra individuella intervjuer användes för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar genom semistrukturerade frågor. Tre kvinnor och en man deltog i studien och representerade fyra olika fritidsgårdar i den svenska storstaden. Genom en konventionell kvalitativ innehållsanalys kunde insamlat material analyseras och resultatet utmynnade i fem kategorier; Trygghet beskrivs på olika sätt, Trygghetsskapande arbete på fritidsgårdarna, Trygga vuxna, Fritidsgården som en trygg plats och Samverkan för trygghet. Resultatetvisade att fritidsgårdarna i dagsläget inte har ett strukturerat trygghetsarbete men att de arbetar med trygghet på andra sätt, bland annat genom att inkludera ungdomarna på fritidsgårdarna via trygghetsundersökningar och att lyssna till ungdomarnas intressen för att ge möjlighet att kunna vara delaktig i verksamheten. Slutligen visade resultatet att fritidsgården har en stor betydelse för ungdomarna och att den kan vara ett alternativ för ungdomar som väljer mellan att ta den kriminella banan eller inte.

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  • 29.
    Awuba, Jude
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden.
    HIV/AIDS in Cameroon: Rising gender issues in policy-making matters2007In: African Journal of Health Sciences, ISSN 1022-9272, E-ISSN 2306-1987, Vol. 14, no 3-4, p. 118-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This literature review investigated gender differentials in HIV/AIDS in Cameroon and to which extent gender was taken into account in the country’s current policy on HIV/AIDS. The review found that in Cameroon women were at increased risk of being infected with HIV/AIDS compared to men and that apart from biological vulnerability, socio-cultural as well as economic factors accounted for those differences. In addition, the review found that at the policy level, the government has drawn up plans to reduce the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS among women. However, although the current policy acknowledged the need for tackling gender differentials in HIV/AIDS transmission; little has been done at the level of implementation. The current policy needs to be implemented in a more effective manner and a multisectorial approach should be explored in order to curb the current trend of the feminization of HIV/AIDS in Cameroon.

  • 30.
    Aziz, Bahoz
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Erfarenhter och uppfattningar kring arbete med hälsofrämjande kulturinsatser för asylsökande och nyanlända barn och ungdomar: En intervjustudie2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to describe experiences and perceptions of ongoing work with health promotion cultural inserts in four different associations in Gavle municipallity for asylum seekers and newly arrived children and adolescents. The method used was a descriptive empirical qualitative interview with a phenomenological research effort. Five interviews were conducted with four women and one man, from four associations in Gavle municipality. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with a thematic analysis. The result showed that the staff's perceptions about their work were that the work being conducted was a good method of promoting well-being and contributing to a sense of context for remedying mental ill health. Cooperation with community actors was also a key in their work and made it possible to reach the children and adolescents who were the target group for health-promoting cultural activities. The difficulties perceived were lack of economics, information and structural changes, which made it difficult to implement, follow up and continue their work. The conclusion was that the work with health promoting activities was perceived as a method of integration as well as promoting health. There was also a consensus that the work performed had a good effect in bringing children and young people's families closer to the Swedish society. The obstacles discovered were structural changes, lack of information and too little of economy. One key to success was the cooperation in the local community which made it possible to reach the group.

     

     

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  • 31.
    Back, Madeleine
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Kunskap och rutiner kring hedersvåld och förtryck inom socialtjänsten - en intervjustudie i en medelstor svensk kommun2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Back, M. (2019). Knowledge and routines about honor violence and oppression in the social services - an interview study in a medium-sized Swedish city. University of Gävle, Sweden. Bachelor thesis in Public Health Science. Department of Sports and Public Health Science. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. Sweden, Gävle: University of Gävle.    The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge and routines about honor related violence in social services in a medium-sized Swedish city. A qualitative method with four individual semi-structured interviews was used to answer to the purpose and research questions. A thematic analysis was conducted to find patterns in the respondents' answers. The result is presented in five main themes; Collectively practiced violence, Extinguishing fires, Knowledge and competence and Lack of prerequisites. Results showed that there are no specific routines regarding honor issues and that the knowledge and competence varies depending on occupational position and department. The most notable theme was Lack of conditions, which established that the girl usually goes back home, which was considered to be due to inadequate systems and insufficient routines. Honor violence and oppression is considered an important and current issue among professionals, although there seems to be difficulties and uncertainties about how the cases should be handled and the knowledge applied. In order to meet these challenges, a shared understanding is needed, regarding routines and working methods, as well as an improved knowledge among professionals. Priority and improved conditions are also needed to develop the work regarding honor-related violence and oppression.   

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  • 32.
    Bamzar, Roya
    et al.
    KTH, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    Ceccato, Vania
    KTH, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    The nature and the geography of elderly injuries in Sweden2015In: GeoJournal, ISSN 0343-2521, E-ISSN 1572-9893, Vol. 80, no 2, p. 279-299Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study assesses the nature and the geography of elderly injuries in Sweden. The most dominant types of accidents affecting the elderly in their homes and near environments are identified by using county-specific data from 2001 to 2010 followed by a correlation analysis of possible environmental factors underlying patterns of falls among the elderly. Geographical information systems are used to map rates by type. Slipping, tripping and stumbling are the causes of more than half of cases of elderly falls in Sweden, and is more typical in the Northern counties. Findings also show there has been a rise in rates of elderly falls since 2001 in most of the Southern counties, especially in Östergötland and Skåne Counties. Population age and gender affect the ecology of geography of fall rates and counties experiencing long cold winters tend to show higher rates of indoor falls than those with warmer temperature across the year. The article finalizes with a discussion of the results and implication for future research.

  • 33.
    Begum, Afroza
    et al.
    Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Rahman, A. F.
    Center for Injury Prevention and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Rahman, A.
    Center for Injury Prevention and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Reza Khankeh, H.
    Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Prevalence of suicide ideation among adolescents and young adults in rural Bangladesh2017In: International Journal of Mental Health, ISSN 0020-7411, E-ISSN 1557-9328, Vol. 46, no 3, p. 177-187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Suicide is a leading cause of death world-wide. However, adolescent suicidal behavior is a neglected public health issue, especially in low-income countries such as Bangladesh. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents in a rural community and to examine factors associated with suicidal ideation. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2013 among 2,476 adolescents aged 14–19 years, selected randomly from a rural community of Bangladesh. An adapted version of the WHO/SUPRE-MISS questionnaire was used to collect data in the Raiganj sub-district. A two stage screening was performed to identify the suicidal ideation cases. It was found that the life-time prevalence for suicidal ideation was 5 percent among adolescents. The majority of the adolescents with suicidal ideation were females 66 (52.8%), unmarried 103 (82.4%), and students 92 (73%). Suicidal ideation was statistically significantly associated with age, education, occupation, living with parents or others, and house ownership. Respondents who were aged 18–19 years, had secondary school certificate (SSC) and secondary school certificate (HSC) or higher education, were day laborers, had own house, and do not lived with parents had odds ratios of 2.31 (CI 1.46–3.65), 2.38 (CI 1.51–3.77), 4.15 (CI 2.41–7.14), 0.28 (CI 0.13–0.60), 0.14(CI 0.05–0.35), and 1.80 (CI 1.07–3.03), respectively. Among adolescents, the prevalence of life-time suicidal ideation was moderately high. Age, education, occupation, house ownership, and living with parents were statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation. It is important to design and implement effective community based suicide prevention programs for adolescents in Bangladesh.

  • 34.
    Begun, Afroza
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Viitasara, Eija
    Department of Health Sciences, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Department of Health Sciences, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Rahman, AKM Fazlur
    Department of Epidemiology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Department of Health Sciences, Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Parental socio-economic position and suicidal ideation among adolescents in rural Bangladesh2018In: Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, ISSN 2637-8027, Vol. 4, article id 1018Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death world-wide and becoming a public health concern among adolescents. However, adolescent suicidal behaviour is a neglected public health issue, especially in low-income countries such as Bangladesh. Of great importance is the understanding of which factors might be related to this growing public problem.

    Objective: To examine the relationship between parental socio-economic position and suicide ideation among adolescents in rural Bangladesh

    Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2013 among 2,476 adolescents, aged 14-19 years, selected randomly from a rural community of Bangladesh. An adapted version of the WHO/SUPRE-MISS questionnaire was used to collect data in the Raiganj sub-district, which is a surveillance area of the Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB).

    Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Comparisons of proportions between groups were carried out using the χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parental co-variants and suicidal thoughts among adolescents. The significance level was set atp <0.05. All analyses were performed using SPSS 20.

    Results: The majority of parents had education only up to primary school (mothers 58.7% and fathers 49.5%). Most of them were farmers (53.3% of fathers) and housewives (96.5% of mothers). Monthly income and expenditure of the adolescent’s parents were mainly upto 10,000 taka only. Suicidal ideation is more common among adolescents of low income group parents 104 (5.5%) and who were not living with their parents 18 (8.2%). Adolescent’s suicidal ideation was found to be significantly associated with education, marital status and house ownership of their parents. Not being able to live with their parents was also a significant factor. Parents who received education up to SSC had odds ratio of 2.10 (1.21,3.64) and 1.92 (1.15, 3.23) for mothers and fathers respectively. Parent’s income or expenditure was not associated with adolescent’s suicidal ideation. Adolescent’s suicidal ideation of single parents had higher odds (OR 3.00, CI 1.75-5.19) in comparison to adolescents who had both parents. Adolescents whose parents owned a house and who weren’t living withtheir parents had odds ratios of 0.14 (0.05,0.35), and 1.80 (1.07,3.03) respectively. After adjusting for other covariates parents’ marital status and house ownership significantly associated with the adolescent suicide ideation.

    Conclusion: Parental socio-economic position was asso-ciated with suicidal ideation. Adolescent with single parents were more likely to report suicidal ideation. Low parental education and socio-economic status, marital status, house ownership, not living with parents at home as well as adolescent loneliness were the important factors for suicidal ideation.

  • 35.
    Bengtson, Hannah
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Det var kul att se klassen samarbeta: En kvalitativ fokusgruppstudie om högstadieelevers upplevelser av ett hälsoprojekt2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate high school students' experiences of a health project. A high school class in Uppsala participated in a health project during the spring of 2015. 19 of 22 students agreed to participate in this study and the qualitative method used for data collection was focus group interviews. Students were asked to discuss their experiences, thoughts and feelings about the health project and whether they have experienced their own influence on the content of the project. Using content analysis nine themes were found that formed four categories. Knowledge, cooperation and cohesion, conception of identity, influence and participation.

    The results showed that the majority of students do not feel they have markedly increased health knowledge. In contrast, the main results of the project seemed to consist of improved cooperation and shared stance in the class. The students expressed their need for further work of cooperation, in the form of collaborative exercises. One important thing that came up during the interviews was whether the class understood their identity and status of the school. Students' perception as to why their class was selected for the project was based on the class's bad reputation in the school and among teachers.

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  • 36.
    Berglund, Tina
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Krav-, kontroll- och stöd i arbetslivet: En intervjustudie om chefsstödets roll för mellan- och första linjens chefer inom kommunal verksamhet2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur chefsstödets roll påverkar upplevda krav och kontroll i arbetet, samt om chefsstöd har en stressreducerande effekt hos mellan- och första linjens chefer inom kommunal verksamhet. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer där fem stycken mellan- och första linjens chefer valdes ut för studien. Resultatet visade på att chefsstödet roll gällande krav och kontroll inte har så stor inverkan på de intervjuade mellan- och första linjens chefer men att chefstödet roll gällande stressreduktion var väldigt viktig. I resultatet framkom dock en uppfattning om att ifall chefsstödet inte funnits så hade kraven ökat och kontrollen minskat som ett resultat. Slutsatserna som dragits är att såväl mellan- som första linjens chefer anser att chefsstödet har en betydande roll för dem i den valda kommunen.

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  • 37.
    Bergsman, Ann-Christin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Karlsson, Camilla
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    En empirisk tvärsnittsstudie om snabbmatskonsumtion och medieanvändande hos ungdomar i nionde klass – en kvantitativ studie2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background; The purpose was to investigate BMI, fast-food consumption, soft drink intake, media use among adolescent in ninth grade and if there was a correlation between fast-food consumption and media use. Method; The present study was a part of the project "Food and Health 2007".  Through a quantitative method 359 adolescents in ninth grade (182 boys, 177 girls) in ten random selected schools in a county in central Sweden answered questions through surveys. Result; The boys' BMI was on average 21 and for girls 20.4 and the majority of the youths were of normal weight. Just over a third of young people ate fast food and french fries more than two to three times a month. About a third of young people drank soda once a week and a fifth reported that they drank soft drinks two to three times per week. The majority of young people watched TV between one to three hours per day and a majority declared they never used video games. More than half spend two to three hours or more per day at the computer. A correlation was found between fast food consumption and media usage. Conclusion; Youth of this study had a normal BMI and a relatively good diet, but a higher soft drink consumption. The group of overweight/obese drank soft drinks more than those who were underweight but both groups consumed fast food less often. Computer use was relatively high among young people but they almost never played video games. A positive significant correlation was found between fast food consumption and media usage.

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    Examensarbete - Annki och Camilla
  • 38.
    Bergsten, Eva L.
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Kjeldgård, Linnea
    Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet.
    Stigson, Helena
    Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet.
    Farrants, Kristin
    Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet.
    Friberg, Emilie
    Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet.
    Fall and collision related injuries among pedestrians, sickness absence and associations with accident type and occupation2023In: Journal of Safety Research, ISSN 0022-4375, E-ISSN 1879-1247, Vol. 86, p. 357-363Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: This study explores pedestrian fall accidents and collisions with other road users in the Swedish road transport system, and sickness absence (SA) in relation to accident type, injury, and occupation. Further, it studies the associations between accident type, occupation, and duration of SA. Methods: Data from several national registers were used that included 15,359 working age pedestrians (20–64 years) receiving healthcare after a fall or collision throughout 2014–2016. Individual characteristics, accident type, injury, and occupation were presented and related to SA. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals, for associations between accident type, occupation, and SA duration. Results: About 11,000 pedestrians (72%) were involved in fall accidents in the road traffic environment and well over 4,000 in collisions with another road user; 22% of all injured pedestrians had a new SA. The population had a higher proportion of women and individuals in older age groups (≥45). Of the falls, 31% were due to snow or ice, and these were associated with a higher OR for both short SA (<90 days) 1.76 (95% CI 1.56–1.98) and long SA (≥90 days) 1.81 (95% CI 1.51–2.18), compared to the group slipping, tripping, and stumbling. The working sectors health & social care, and construction had the highest ORs for SA. A higher OR was found for health & social care, short SA 1.58 (95% CI 1.38–1.81), long SA 1.79 (95% CI 1.45–2.20) and for construction, short SA 1.56 (95% CI 1.24–1.96), long SA 1.75 (95% CI 1.26–2.44), compared to the sector finance, communication, & cultural service. Conclusions: The OR for having short and long SA was higher in falls due to snow or ice and differed between occupational sectors. Practical implications: This information contributes to the knowledge base for planning a safe road transport system for pedestrians.

  • 39.
    Berlin, Hanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Uppfattningar om hur miljö, klimat och hälsa är länkade till varandra: En kvalitativ intervjustudie i en mellanstor kommun i Sverige2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to investigate how residents in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden perceive how the environment, climate and health are linked. To investigate this, a qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews. Five respondents, three women and two men, were selected through a purposive sampling and the interviews varied in time and place. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. 

    Four categories emerged from the results: Perceptions of health at the individual and community level, perceptions about the link between climate, environment and health, attitudes regarding global environmental change and environmentally friendly behavior.

    The respondents in the study perceived that there is a link between environment, climate and human health, but that the link is both vague and difficult to describe. The respondents perceived that the consequences of climate change are unclear. None of the people in the study felt threatened by the climate change. All respondents were able to account for their awareness and desire to be environmentally conscious. In addition, respondents had a notion that awareness did not immediately turn into an environmentally friendly behavior. 

    A major obstacle to environmentally friendly behavior was, according to the respondents, the economic system. They wished that environmental measures would go from individual to the community level.

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  • 40.
    Berneholt, Emelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science.
    Bara vara mig själv: En intervjustudie om skolmiljö och välbefinnande bland en klass mellanstadieelever i södra Norrland2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper was to explore the students experiences of the school climate and how it affects their well-being. Semi-structured interviews with an interview guide were used as a method. The sample was of six students in the age of 11-13 from one middle school class. The results showed among other things that almost everyone felt safe at school and expressed different definitions of safety such as feeling welcome and feeling like they can be themselves. The students felt supported by the teachers, other students and also their parents. Some things the school should change according to the students were the classrooms which were too small and with inefficient soundproofing, the school yard which was boring, and the fact that the students sometimes wanted more adult supervision during school breaks. The conclusion is that the school climate can affect student’s well-being and that a small school can have both pros and cons regarding the school climate. More qualitative research may result in a better understanding of the way the school climate affects the students.

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    fulltext_emelie-berneholt
  • 41.
    Björklund, Erika
    University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, Ämnesavdelningen för pedagogik.
    Constituting the Healthy Employee?: Governing gendered subjects in workplace health promotion2008Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    With a post-structural approach and an analytical focus on processes of governmentality and biopower, this study is concerned with how discourses of health are contextualized in educational practice and interaction between educators and participants in workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions. Of concern are issues of the discursive production, regulation and representation of power, knowledge and subjects as gendered beings in workplace health promotion interventions. The methods for generating data are participant observation, interviews and gathering of documentation pertaining to four different workplace health promotion interventions. Based on these data, the thesis offers an analysis of the health discourses drawn on in the interventions and the technologies of power and of the self by which the participants are governed and invited to govern themselves in the name of health. It also asks what practices and positions that thus come to be made available or not to the participants. Two health discourses are identified: the biomedical discourse and the wellness discourse. Both discourses are drawn on in all four studied interventions, the biomedical discourse being the dominating discourse drawn on. The biomedical discourse is informed by scientific ‘facts’ and statistics and is underpinned by a notion of risk. The wellness discourse is informed by an understanding of health as a subjective embodied experience and is underpinned by a notion of pleasure. Drawing on these discourses, the responsibility for health is placed with the participants and the healthy participant/employee is constituted as a rationally motivated risk-avoider and disciplined pleasure seeker who is both willing and able to actively make ‘good’ choices regarding their lifestyle. Furthermore, and informed by essentialist and heteronormative ideas about gender, the ideal healthy person is modelled on a male norm, representing women as the deviant Other.

  • 42.
    Björklund, Matilda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science.
    Är användningen av Instagram ett nytt självskadebeteende?: En tvärsnittsstudie om Instagram-användares reflektioner.2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Björklund, M. (2017). Is the use of Instagram a new self-harm behaviour? A cross-sectional study of Instagram users’ reflections. Bachelor thesis in Public Health Science. Department of Occupational and Public Health Science. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. University of Gävle, Sweden.

     

    The aim of the study was to investigate the use of Instagram among Swedish internet users. A further aim was to investigate whether there was an association between the increased use of Instagram and mental health.

    The method used was a cross-sectional study with questionnaires. Both quantitative and qualitative questions were included in the survey, which were presented as descriptive statistics as well as thematic analysis with quotes. The selection was a convenience selection and snowball selection, where the surveys were disseminated via the author Facebook.

    The result showed that the majority used Instagram several times a day and many of them were found to be in the risk group of mental illness. Many users found that the images exposed in Instagram contributed to comparisons between themselves and the photos resulting in body dissatisfaction.

    The conclusion was that the use of Instagram several times a day was associated with a decreased level of well-being. The majority of the Instagram users compared themselves with other people and more thought of their appearance, when they were exposed to the images in Instagram.

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  • 43.
    Björklund, Ove
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science. Åbo Akademi.
    Söderlund, Maud
    Åbo Akademi.
    Nyström, Lisbet
    Åbo Akademi.
    Häggström, Elisabeth
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science. Åbo Akademi.
    Unemployment and Health: Experiences Narrated by Young Finnish Men2015In: American Journal of Men's Health, ISSN 1557-9883, E-ISSN 1557-9891, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 76-85Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies have shown that the experiences and consequences of unemployment can affect people differently depending on, for example, age and gender. The purpose of the present study was to describe young Finnish men's experiences of being unemployed as well as how their experiences of health emerged. Fifteen young unemployed Finnish men in the age range 18 to 27 years were interviewed face to face. Purposive sampling was used to increase the variation among informants. The interview texts were analyzed using both manifest and latent qualitative content analysis. The present results showed that the young men were strongly negatively affected by being unemployed. They described how they had slowly lost their foothold. They also described feelings of shame and guilt as well as a flight from reality. The present results show that even young men who have only experienced shorter periods of unemployment, in this study periods between 2 and 6 months, are negatively affected, for example, with regard to their identity and emotional life. Further research is needed to describe and elucidate in more detail the effects of unemployment on men of different ages and living in different contexts.

  • 44.
    Björn, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Föräldrars kunskap om och attityder till vaccin mot humant papillomvirus: En beskrivande litteraturstudie2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Since of January 2010 vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) is a part of the Swedish child vaccination program. The decision to vaccinate can be difficult for the parents to make. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe parental knowledge and attitude towards vaccine against human papillomavirus and how that influenced their decision to vaccinate their children. Design: Mixed methods research with integrated design. Method: A descriptive literature review. A systematic search was performed in the databases PubMed and CINAHL and 12 studies were identified. The studies had quantitative and qualitative design. Results: Parents were positive towards the HPV-vaccine. Many parents lacked knowledge and felt they didn´t have enough information about the vaccine. There was concern about the safety and side effect. Many got their information from media but the preferred source of information was caregivers. Parents who had gotten information from caregivers were more positive towards the vaccine. The recommended age for vaccination was considered too low and there was concern that a vaccination would have an effect on their daughter’s sexual behavior. Among the parents who had made the choice to vaccinate that concern was lower. Social norms and religion affected the parents in their decision to vaccinate. Lower education was a predictor in the decision to vaccinate. Experience of abnormal pap-smears or cervicularcancer also affected the intention to vaccinate.

     

    Search words: MeSH-therms accept*, attitudes, behavior, beliefs, decision, HPV-vaccine, intent*, knowledge, parents.

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  • 45.
    Blom, Malin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science.
    Hur miljön i hemmet kan påverka elevernas frukostintag: En enkätundersökning bland niondeklassare2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate if the environment at home could affect the pupils breakfast intake; what they choose to eat, if the eat and why they eat breakfast. A quantitative method was used and the data was collected by a questionnaire. In total 64 pupils from ninth grade in public school participated in the study. The result showed that most of the pupils ate breakfast regularly and often ate alone at the kitchen table. Though some of them ate very little and a meager breakfast. Most of the pupils were positive to being served breakfast at school because they often were too tired to eat at home and can eat in the company of friends. The conclusion was that most pupils ate breakfast often and a few ate rarely. The kitchen table was the preferred place to eat breakfast and they often ate alone. Popular choices for breakfast were oatmeal, sandwiches or soured milk/yoghurt with cereals.

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    Examensarbete_MalinBlom
  • 46.
    Blomqvist, Sven
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Sports science.
    Rehn, Börje
    Institutionen för Samhällsmedicin och Rehabilitering, Fysioterapi, Umeå universitet.
    Fysisk aktivitet och hälsa för personer med utvecklingsstörning2015In: Fysioterapi, ISSN 1653-5804, no 1, p. 26-31Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Hälsa är en förutsättning för att kunna förverkliga sina mål i livet. Personer med utvecklingsstörning, cirka 90 000 i Sverige, har nedsatt hälsa jämfört med personer utan utvecklingsstörning och det leder till att denna grupp har svårare att uppfylla sina mål. Personer med utvecklingsstörning drabbas i större utsträckning av övervikt, typ 2-diabetes, hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar, högt blodtryck, benskörhet och depression. Undersökningar visar också på nedsatt fysisk aktivitet, motorik, syreupptagningsförmåga, muskelstyrka och postural balans hos denna grupp. Dessa sjukdomar och nedsatta förmågor går att påverkai positiv riktning med fysisk aktivitet. Fysioterapeuter som har bred kunskap om hälsa och anpassning av fysisk aktivitet kan vara till stor hjälp vid prevention, bedömning och träning.

  • 47.
    Bodin, Andrea
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Äldre anhörigvårdares uppfattningar kring stöd och övriga underlättande faktorer: en intervjustudie2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Bodin, A. (2013) Elderly informal caregivers perception about support and other relieving factors. Bachelor’s thesis in public health. The faculty of health and occupational studies, University of Gävle, Sweden.

     

    Abstract

    The purpose of this study was to describe widow’s/widower’s perception of the support they had been offered or missing from society and relatives/friends during their time as informal caregiver to their spouse. The purpose was also to describe other possible relieving factors.

     

    The method used was qualitative semi structured interviews that were held with 4 women and 2 men. Data was analyzed according to Graneheim & Lundman (2004). Two themes were identified; “Experiences of support from society, relatives and family” and “Other relieving factors”.

     

    The main results showed that the way information is given is important both when it comes to approach and procedure. A contact person is desirable. Support that benefits the informal caregiver’s social life is highly appreciated by the informants.

     

    The conclusion is that the feeling of support is crucial and is connected to the way personnel is treating the informal caregiver. The ideal solution could proposedly be for the society to introduce a long-term course, giving adequate information and discussing the majority of aspects of being an informal caregiver, such as care, the spouse’s state of ill-health and how to preserve your own quality of life.

     

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    C-uppsats
  • 48.
    Bodling, Sara
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Larsson, Sarah
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    A descriptive study of self-perceived attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS in Cambodia2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Bodling, S. & Larsson, S. (2010). A descriptive study of how people with HIV/AIDS in Cambodia experience attitudes regarding the disease from people around them. Essay for bachelor degree in Public Health 15 hp, Department of Occupational and Public Health, University of Gävle.

    Cambodia is the most HIV-afflicted country in Southeast Asia. The level of knowledge about the virus among the people is low and because of the poor conditions few people have access to testing and treatment. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been followed by a stigmatization against people living with the disease and negative attitudes are common. The aim of this study was to identify self-perceived attitudes experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS in Lvea Em, Cambodia.

    In this study, a qualitative interview method was used. Ten interviews were conducted with ten Cambodian men and women, aged 25-48 years. They lived in different villages in the district of Lvea Em, outside Phnom Penh. The contact-organization Asian Outreach Cambodia (AOC) provided us with the informants. Most interviews were conducted in the informant’s own homes. One of the staff from the AOC also worked as an interpreter during the interviews. Since HIV/AIDS can be a sensitive topic, particular consideration was given to ethical considerations. To evaluate the results from the study a content analysis was used.

    The results showed that there are several negative attitudes connected to people living with HIV/AIDS. The main reason for negative attitudes seems to be fear of contagion. The result also showed some positive attitudes that derive from having HIV, like the discovery of love and care from family members and strengthening of the relationship to them. The results indicate that it is important to target the main underlying causes for stigmatization against people living with HIV/AIDS, but also that it is necessary to focus on the positive attitudes that do exist towards them. We wish that this study may contribute a little in the future work to eliminate the stigma and negative attitudes and also in the work to bring forward and increase the positive attitudes.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 49.
    Bogren, Eleonore
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Dahl, Cecilia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Åtta personalchefers syn på friskvård2010Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    ABSTRACT

    Bogren, E & Dahl, C. 2010.

    Åtta personalchefers syn på friskvård. C-uppsats i Folkhälsovetenskap 15 hp, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv. Högskolan Gävle.

    Purpose

    : The purpose of the study was to investigate staffmanagers opinions about keep- fit activities. To fulfill the purpose of the study following issues been used: What is keep- fit activities, Is staffmanagers opinions that keep- fit activities has effect? Is the staffmanager of the opinion that he/she can influence staffmembers to a better health?

    Method:

    Qualitative interviews has been complished with staffmanagers. The staffmanagers were active in two different districts. Keep- fit activities was the starting point for all interviews.

    Result:

    The result of the study showed that the informants have a major positive attitude to keep- fit activities. Keep- fit activities can be looked at in many different perspectives where working with keep- fit activities contains many different investments. Most part of the informants considerd that it was difficult to reach staffmembers who should need it the most and the staffmanagers role is important in staffmembers health. Most part of the informants could see connections between smaller notifications of illness and keep- fit activities. The informants think that the workingplace can be influenced by a person employed working with healthquestions. In spite of that neither there seemed to be interests or needs to employ somebody.

    Conclusion:

    The staffmanagers opinion to keep- fit activities is mostly positive, staffmanagers role is important, use keep- fit activities generates alertness and health. The result presents that keep- fit activities is of importance for staffmembers health but in how great extent the informants have different meanings about.

    Keywords:

    Health care, Health promotion, Staffmanager and Health

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 50.
    Boman, Eva
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Ballgren, Peter
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Svedberg, Pia
    Karolinska Inst, CNS, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Is health related quality of life among school children associated with level of semantic memory?2010In: Quality of Life Research, ISSN 0962-9343, E-ISSN 1573-2649, Vol. 19, p. 107-107, article id 194/1380Article in journal (Other academic)
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