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  • 1.
    Aare, Therese
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Wernh, Weronica
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Emotionella upplevelser och emotionsreglering i samband med en nedskärningsprocess2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate emotions and emotion regulation of a downsizing in an industrial company. The sample consisted of persons who had experienced a downsizing but have kept the employment, within a same position or being transferred to another one. Data consisted of two focus group interviews, analysed by an inductive thematic analysis. The results have indicated that emotional reactions changed over time as well the emotional regulation did during the different phases. The groups differed in emotional reaction related to the time of decision regarding the retention of employment. One conclusion is that fast and accurate information during the different phases of a downsizing process may lead to more positive emotional reactions, which in consequence may result in a positive experience of the reduction process as a whole. The confidence in management increased across the time, due to its decisiveness during the process of downsizing.

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  • 2.
    Aho, Emmy
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Sofia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Personliga assistenters upplevelse av deras psykologiska kontrakt2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    The purpose of the study was to examine how personal assistants experience their psychological contract and how the psychological contract was fulfilled against their supervisor or manager.A qualitative method was used and seven interviews were conducted with personal care assistants from various workplaces. The interviews were analysed with thematic analysis and resulted in five main themes. Expectations, personal but not private, what really stands in the contract, how people look at the profession and fulfilment. In conclusion, the main result was that the personal care assistants experienced that the internal psychological contract consisted of the relation to the supervisor or manager and the accessibility to the employer. The personal care assistants felt that the contents of the external psychological contract consisted of the work duties, employment security, working hours and the attractiveness of the profession. The majority of the respondents felt that the internal and external psychological contract was fulfilled. None of the respondents considered that the internal and external psychological contract was not fulfilled at all.  

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  • 3.
    Andersson, Hanna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Bökman, Fredrik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Wallhagen, Marita
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Holmgren, Mattias
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Sörqvist, Patrik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies.
    Ahonen-Jonnarth, Ulla
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Anchoring effect in judgments of objective fact and subjective preference2021In: Food Quality and Preference, ISSN 0950-3293, E-ISSN 1873-6343, Vol. 88, article id 104102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The way by which various sources of external information interact in their effects on judgment is rarely investigated. Here, we report two experiments that examine how two sources of external information—an anchor (a reference price) and an eco-label—influence judgments of an objective fact (product price) and a subjective preference (willingness-to-pay for the product). Participants’ price judgments were drawn in the direction of the anchor point, whereas the eco-label resulted in higher judgments of objective fact (Experiment 1) but did not influence subjective preference (Experiment 2). Interestingly, the eco-label seemed to strengthen the effect of the high anchor in judgments of objective fact. Further, participants with higher environmental concern answered a higher price on the subjective preference questions when they received a high anchor, as well as a lower price when they received a low anchor in comparison to the low environmental concern group. This study demonstrates that various external information sources can strengthen each other’s effects on consumer belief about products, while the effects are weaker for consumers’ preferences. The implications of the results for decision making are discussed.

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  • 4.
    Andersson, Hanna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Holmgren, Mattias
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Sörqvist, Patrik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science. Luleå Tekniska Universitet.
    Threadgold, Emma
    University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
    Beaman, Philip
    University of Reading, Reading, UK.
    Ball, Linden
    University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
    Marsh, John E.
    University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK, Luleå Tekniska Universitet.
    The negative footprint illusion is exacerbated by the numerosity of environment-friendly additions: unveiling the underpinning mechanisms2024In: Journal of Cognitive Psychology, ISSN 2044-5911, E-ISSN 2044-592XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The addition of environmentally friendly items to conventional items sometimes leads people to believe that the carbon footprint of the entire set decreases rather than increases. This negative footprint illusion is supposedly underpinned by an averaging bias: people base environmental impact estimates not on the total impact of items but on their average. Here, we found that the illusion’s magnitude increased with the addition of a greater number of “green” items when the number of conventional items remained constant (Studies 1 and 2), supporting the averaging-bias account. We challenged this account by testing what happens when the number of items in the conventional and “green” categories vary while holding the ratio between the two categories constant (Study 3). At odds with the averaging-bias account, the magnitude of the illusion increased as the category size increased, revealing a category-size bias, and raising questions about the interplay between these biases in the illusion.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Johan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Callenmark, Cornelia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Chefers upplevelse av det egna ledarskapets utveckling på distans under Covid-192022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Covid-19 forced the world to take actions in all aspects of life. The purpose of this study was to examine how leaders developed their leadership and what changes the organization had to make to keep the business side going whilst taking care of their employees when the work went remote. The data was based on eight interviews with leaders at an industrial production organization. Through a thematic analysis four themes could be established, all of which focused on the challenges of the pandemic and remote leadership and the solutions the leaders found to ensure good physical and psychosocial work environment during remote work. The focus of leadership changed to becoming more focused on well-being through a knowledge of the fact that different employees have different needs. Digital tools played a central role during the pandemic and though it mostly worked out well, it did bring some challenges.

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  • 6.
    Andersson, Lina-Marie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Olsson, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    ”Alla vet att rörelse är bra, så varför rör man sig inte?”: Medarbetares syn på rörelse, fysisk aktivitet och hur arbetsgivare bör arbeta för minskat stillasittande2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Office work usually involves prolonged sedentary behavior and health risks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate office workers' views on physical activity and how they believe their employers should work to reduce sedentary behavior. Theory of Planned Behavior and Self-Determination Theory were used as the theoretical framework. Seven qualitative interviews were conducted with office workers at a company in northern Sweden. The company has a strong culture of exercise and training as well as several health-promoting activities. Last year, a health survey indicated that many employees had back and neck problems. An inductive thematic analysis of the interviews showed that physical activity and movement are perceived as important for both physical and mental health. Factors such as habits and norms can constitute an obstacle to movement during the working day. If health interventions from the employer to counteract long periods of sitting are to be successful, they should be autonomous, performed jointly and easy to accomplish.

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  • 7.
    Beard, Julia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Tedenlind, Caroline
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Kompetensbrist och Generation Y’s förväntningar utmanar IT-företag i arbetet med employer branding: Vikten av att bemöta förväntningarna för att attrahera och behålla personal2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to examine, through qualitative method, how companies within the IT industry work with employer branding to respond to Generation Y's expectations. The study was conducted using eight semi-structured interviews with respondents from four different companies within the IT industry in Central Sweden. The collected data from the interviews was analyzed by means of inductive thematic analysis and four main themes emerged. The main themes were; A new generation with new expectations in the workplace, Importance of a strong organizational culture, Particularly regarding the IT industry and Continuously work with employer branding. The result showed that companies are aware of differences between different generations expectations and work actively with employer branding in order to fulfil the employees psychological contract. Furthermore, the result showed that companies faced many challenges in the dynamic IT industry and the fact that an employee's psychological contract and expectations change over time

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  • 8.
    Bengtsson, Amanda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Mikael, Smidemark
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Psykisk ohälsa hos unga kvinnor: Fyra behandlares syn på ett aktuellt problem2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today's research in mental health shows that young women between the ages of 18-24 are the largest group suffering from mental illness in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of mental illness regarding young women. We have conducted four qualitative interviews with professionals in the field of psychiatry. The outcome-analysis was based on gender perspective and systems theory, showing that none of the experiences of the professionals aligned with mental health among young female patients being connected to upbringing, family or ethnicity. Instead the professionals emphasized social media, school, high demands and shifting to adult life, as major contributors to mental health problems among young women. Contradictory to the statistics, the professionals did not see the differences between young people of different gender. Furthermore, the professional’s opinions illustrated that statistics do not reflect reality due to societal changes. Keywords: Young women, mental illness, professionals, adolescent psychiatry, social media, school

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  • 9. Bengtsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Persson Waye, Kerstin
    Kjellberg, Anders
    University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, Ämnesavdelningen för inomhusmiljö.
    Evaluations of effects due to low frequency noise in a low demanding work situation2004In: Journal of Sound and Vibration, ISSN 0022-460X, E-ISSN 1095-8568, Vol. 278, no 1-2, p. 83-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Noise sources with a dominating content of low frequencies (20-200 Hz) are found in many occupational environments. This study aimed to evaluate effects of moderate levels of low-frequency noise on attention, tiredness and motivation in a low demanding work situation. Two ventilation noises at the same A-weighted sound pressure level of 45 dB were used: one of a low-frequency character and one of a flat frequency character (reference noise). Thirty-eight female subjects worked with six performance tasks for 4 h in the noises in a between-subject design. Most of the tasks were monotonous and routine in character. Subjective reports were collected using questionnaires and cortisol levels were measured in saliva. The major finding in this study was that low-frequency noise negatively influenced performance on two tasks sensitive to reduced attention and on a proof-reading task. Performances of tasks aimed at evaluating motivation were not significantly affected. The difference in work performance was not reflected by the subjective reports. No effect of noise was found on subjective stress or cortisol levels. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 10. Bengtsson, Johanna
    et al.
    Persson Waye, Kerstin
    Kjellberg, Anders
    University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, Ämnesavdelningen för inomhusmiljö.
    Sound characteristics in low frequency noise and their relevance for the perception of pleasantness2004In: Acta Acoustica united with Acustica, ISSN 1610-1928, E-ISSN 1861-9959, Vol. 90, no 1, p. 171-180Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Noise sources with a dominant content of low frequencies (20-200 Hz) are found in many occupational environments. Work efficiency has been found in two earlier studies to be impaired to a larger degree when working in a low frequency ventilation noise than when working in a flat frequency ventilation noise at the same A-weighted sound pressure level. Other previous studies indicate that different sound characteristics found in low frequency noise are important for the way in which low frequency noise affects humans, and better knowledge of these characteristics could lead to better methods for assessing low frequency noise in occupational environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of frequency balance between low and high frequencies, which affects the slope of the frequency spectra, and the modulation frequency on subjects' perception of a pleasant low frequency noise. The results showed that the subjects preferred either a higher or a lower modulation frequency as compared to that of the original low frequency noise, both choices leading to less perceivable modulations. Furthermore, the subjects preferred a lower relative content of frequencies below 500 Hz, but only as long as the original low frequency noise contained modulations and the variations were made within a constant A-weighted sound pressure level. The results are discussed in relation to improved guidelines and to the previously suggested theory of slope of the frequency spectra and problems involved with the implementation of that theory.

  • 11.
    Berg, Emma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Berg, Pär
    Motivationsfaktorers påverkan på utbildningsval: en utgångspunkt för HR-arbete kring arbetsmotivation?2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 12.
    Bergström, Sten Sture
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, CBF. Department of Psychology, Umeå University.
    Gustafsson, Karl-Arne
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, CBF. Department of Psychology, Umeå University.
    Concave and convex phases in ambiguous figures showing colour shifts: Mach's figure and the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon2011In: Perception, ISSN 0301-0066, E-ISSN 1468-4233, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 30-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two ambiguous figures (Mach's book-figure and the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon) have been studied. They show colour shifts synchronised with the shifts of their alternative phases. The perceived concave phase appeared to have chromatic surface colour, but the perceived convex phase can appear to be in coloured illumination and shadow (film colour). The two perceived reversible shapes of the Mach figure (the book and the tent) and the three perceived alternative shapes of the Mondrians used in the AMBEGUJAS phenomenon (a roof, a ceiling, and a tile) all can appear to have chromatic surface colours in their concave phases but appear to have coloured illumination and shadow in their convex phases

  • 13.
    Bernström, Agnes
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Sahl, Henrietta
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Ett tydligt ledarskap tycks vara viktigare än typen av ledarskap för upplevelsen av stress och socialt stöd2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim of this study was to examine the difference between transformational and transactional leadership and how those correlated with stress and social support. The aim of the study was also to examine how stress and social support correlate with each other and if there are any gender differences. A quantitative study was made with a webquestionnaire containing three parts, stress, social support and leadership. The analys was carried out in SPSS were a correlationanalys and t-tests were made. The result of the study showed that transformational and transactional leadership correlated with each other and that they also correlated with stress and social support. The analyses also showed that stress correlated with social support and that there were no gender diffrences. The conclusion of the study is that the magnitude rather than the type of leadership that is important for the precived stress and the social support for the employees.

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  • 14.
    Björklund, Filip
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Wikström, Daniel
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Attityder gentemot mångfald: En jämförelse mellan en kvinnodominerad och en mansdominerad organisation2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed to investigate and compare two organisations explicit attitudes towards diversity in the workplace, one female dominated and one male dominated. Workplace Diversity Survey was used to measure the attitude of individuals in a sample. The assembled results represented each organisation`s attitude towards diversity. The data was collected by administering the survey via e-mail and handing them out at a workshop. The result was analyzed in SPSS with an Mann Whitney U test to see if there were a significant difference. The findings indicated that there were no significant difference between these organisations attitudes. Potential factors that may have influenced the result is brought up in the discussion, as well as problems with the study and the instrument that were used.

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    Björklund & Wikström
  • 15.
    Björklund, Vera
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Olsson, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Produktionspersonalens upplevelse av onboarding-processen på en tillverkningsindustri.2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to investigate how new employees experienced the onboarding process in a manufacturing industry and what importance they felt the manager had for it to be successful. The study was carried out at a manufacturing industry in central Sweden with eight people who have undergone an onboarding process in the past two years. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis where two main themes emerged. The first main theme was Working methods with four sub-themes; commitment, clarity, routines and individual adaptation. The second main theme was the Manager's role with the sub-theme presence. The results showed that there was a difference in the working methods for how onboarding was taught and a lack of common routines for the entire organization. Those responsible for the onboarding process lacked the appropriate tools to carry out a successful onboarding process. It also emerged that there was a lack of clarity regarding the manager's role in the onboarding process as the manager was not present during the new employee's first time at work. 

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  • 16.
    Bosson, Linnea
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Malm, Maja
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Förväntningar på HR-funktionen ur chefernas perspektiv2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att kvalitativt undersöka vilka förväntningar som finns på HR-funktionen utifrån chefernas perspektiv på en mindre kommun i Sverige. Studien baserades på elva intervjuer och analyserades genom induktiv tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att respondenterna saknade stöd från HR-funktionen samt en tydlig ansvarsfördelning i arbetsuppgifter. Respondenterna upplevde dessutom en otydlighet i vad de kunde förvänta sig av HR-funktionen. Resultatet visade även att respondenterna saknade en grundlig arbetsplatsintroduktion för att klara av sitt arbete som chef inom organisationen. Dessutom upplevde respondenterna att HR-funktionen var underbemannad då de inte upplevde att de fick det stöd de behövde. Förslag till förbättringsområden är att förtydliga vilket stöd som erbjuds från HR-funktionen, förtydliga ansvarsfördelningen mellan HR-funktion och chef samt skapa en välfungerande arbetsplatsintroduktion. Dessutom behöver HR-funktionen förtydliga riktlinjer och policys samt utforma dokument om vad HR-funktionen faktiskt erbjuder inom organisationen.

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  • 17.
    Brehmer, Henrik
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Larsson, Jasmine
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Prokrastinering hos studenter: - I vilken utsträckning kan upplevd stress och personlighetsdragen i femfaktormodellen predicera prokrastinering hos studenter som läser gymnasiekurser.2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which perceived stress affects the procrastination of students who take Upper Secondary School courses online and whether personality traits (Big Five) affects procrastination. The study was conducted using a survey based on the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI). 56 students participated in the survey, of which the majority were women. The result showed that the students who tend to procrastinate have a higher degree of perceived stress, and that the personality traits conscientiousness and kindness correlateed negatively with procrastination. 

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    Prokrastinering hos studenter, Brehmer, H., och Larsson, J.
  • 18.
    Bryngelsson, Mari
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Hjärpe, Daniel
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Generell arbetsrelaterad identitet: En orsak till det frivilliga arbetsrelaterade beteendet?2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate if high and low General Work-Related Identity (AI) had an effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). A total of 147 people within the public sector, across two organizations, responded to a questionnaire regarding identity and discretionary organizational behavior. The results showed significant effects of high and low AI, on OCB associated with four of the five sub-dimensions of OCB (altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue). Participants with high compared to low AI were shown to express higher levels of OCB (p < .01, η2= .16). In general, this indicates that organizations might increase the employees´ OCB by promoting their AI.

     

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    Bryngelsson & Hjärpe - Generell arbetsrelaterad identitet: En orsak till det frivilliga beteendet?
  • 19.
    Buccoliere, Riccardo
    et al.
    Univ Salento, Dipartimento Sci Mat, Lecce, Italy, and Univ Ca Foscari Venezia, Dipartimento Informat, Venice, Italy.
    Sandberg, Mats
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Building science - installation technology.
    Di Sabatino, Silvana
    Univ Salento, Dipartimento Sci Mat, Lecce, Italy .
    City breathability and its link to pollutant concentration distribution within urban-like geometries2010In: Atmospheric Environment, ISSN 1352-2310, E-ISSN 1873-2844, Vol. 44, no 15, p. 1894-1903Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is devoted to the study of pollutant concentration distribution within urban-like geometries. By applying efficiency concepts originally developed for indoor environments, the term ventilation is used as a measure of city “breathability”. It can be applied to analyse pollutant removal within a city in operational contexts. This implies the evaluation of the bulk flow balance over the city and of the mean age of air. The influence of building packing density on flow and pollutant removal is, therefore, evaluated using those quantities. Idealized cities of regular cubical buildings were created with packing density ranging from 6.25% to 69% to represent configurations from urban sprawl to compact cities. The relative simplicity of these arrangements allowed us to apply the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow and dispersion simulations using the standard k turbulence model. Results show that city breathability within the urban canopy layer is strongly dependent from the building packing density. At the lower packing densities, the city responds to the wind as an agglomeration of obstacles, at larger densities (from about 44%) the city itself responds as a single obstacle. With the exception of the lowest packing density, airflow enters the array through lateral sides and leaves throughout the street top and flow out downstream. The air entering through lateral sides increases with increasing packing density.

    At the street top of the windward side of compact building configurations, a large upward flow is observed. This vertical transport reduces over short distance to turn into a downward flow further downstream of the building array. These findings suggest a practical way of identifying city breathability. Even though the application of these results to real scenarios require further analyses the paper illustrates a practical framework to be adopted in the assessment of the optimum neighbourhood building layout to minimize pollution levels.

  • 20.
    Bäckman, Pär
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Samba, Emelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Hot och våld inom akutsjukvård: Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av hot och våld inom akutsjukvård2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the experience with threats and violence towards nurses working in an emergency department, the respondents coping strategies and if the potential vulnerability to threat and violence, changed the behavior of the nurses. The study was conducted at an emergency department in a hospital in the middle of Sweden. By a strategic selection, 8 nurses, was picked out for the study between the ages of 25–55 years and with the experience of working in an emergency department at least for one year. The study was conducted with semi structured interviews, with audio recording that was transcribed verbatim and was analyzed with an inductive thematic analysis. From the analysis, a different set of themes was identified: “Vulnerability”, “Coping strategies” and “Changed behavior”. To the different themes there was subthemes. The result showed that the respondents experienced threats and violence on a daily basis. Clear routines and education about threats and violence were experienced as an important foundation in terms of preventing threats and violence. The social support from colleagues were significant in terms of coping after an incident.KEYWORDS: Threats,

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  • 21.
    Campbell, T. A.
    et al.
    Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    Marsh, John E.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology. School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
    Commentary: Donepezil enhances understanding of degraded speech in Alzheimer's disease2018In: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, ISSN 1663-4365, E-ISSN 1663-4365, Vol. 10, article id 197Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Claeson, Anna-Sara
    et al.
    Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Andersson, Linus
    Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Symptoms from masked acrolein exposure suggest altered trigeminal reactivity in chemical intolerance2017In: Neurotoxicology, ISSN 0161-813X, E-ISSN 1872-9711, Vol. 60, p. 92-98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Chemical intolerance (CI) is a widespread occupational and public health problem characterized by symptoms that reportedly result from low-levels of chemical exposure. The mechanisms behind CI are unknown, however modifications of the chemical senses (rather than toxic processes) have been suggested as key components. The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with self-reported CI report more sensory irritation during masked acrolein exposure compared to controls without CI. Methods Individuals with CI (n = 18) and controls without CI (n = 19) were exposed in an exposure chamber. Each participant took part in two exposure conditions – one with heptane (the masking compound), and one with heptane and acrolein at a dose below previously reported sensory irritation thresholds. The exposures lasted for 60 min. Symptoms and confidence ratings were measured continuously throughout the exposure as were measurements of electrodermal activity and self-reported tear-film break-up time. Participants were blind to exposure condition. Results Individuals with CI, compared with controls reported greater sensory irritation in the eyes, nose and throat when exposed to acrolein masked with heptane. There was no difference during exposure to heptane. Conclusions Masked exposure to acrolein at a concentration below the previously reported detection threshold is perceived as more irritating by individuals with CI compared with controls. The results indicate that there is altered trigeminal reactivity in those with CI compared to controls.

  • 23.
    Clark, Charlotte
    et al.
    Centre for Psychiatry, Barts, London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
    Sörqvist, Patrik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Buildning science - applied psychology.
    The influence of noise on performance and behavior - 3 year update2011In: Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 2011, Vol. 33, p. 458-467Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Coleman, Simon
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Effekten av intuitiva och avsiktliga tankeprocesser på individers förutfattande meningar2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study examined how individuals' preconceptions are influenced by cognitive processes, based on the cognitive two-system theory. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether and how System 1 and System 2 activation affected individuals' preconceptions. The hypothesis was that System 1 activation allowed preconceptions to influence individuals’ judgement more than System 2 activation. The design was a 2 x 2 factorial design analyzed with a mixed ANOVA. A query battery, with specific questions to activate respective condition (System 1/System 2), was used as a measuring instrument. The participants were 40 students at Gävle University. The result showed partial support for the hypothesis, but may be considered as weak due to an interaction effect between conditions.

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  • 25.
    Danielsson Bergström, Annelie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Maracic, Tanja
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Relationen mellan Arbetskaraktäristik och Arbetstillfredsställelse2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Positive experiences of job characteristics has been found to associate with job satisfaction. The aim was to investigate the relationships between four dimensions of job characteristics (control, workload, complexity and digitization) and job satisfaction. Furthermore, it was examined whether these relationships differed between respondents with long vs. short employment time. 166 53 employees at Lantmäteriet participated in the survey. Data was selected by a web-based survey. The main results showed through regression analysis a significant positive relationship between control and job satisfaction of the whole group, where the model could explain 14% of job satisfaction. The main results showed significant relationships between control and job satisfaction for the whole group of respondents and between workload and job satisfaction for the short time employment.Since only the relationship between perceived control and job satisfaction was significant, the differences for short or long employment time were investigated. A t-test showed that there was no significant difference between respondents with short and long employment time in terms of perceived control.

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  • 26.
    Dufva, Elin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Isberg, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Upplevelsen av anställningsrelationen under en outsourcingprocess2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores employees subjective experience of their employment relation before and during an outsourcing process and has its starting point in the concept of the psychological contract. Eight employees, in the process of being outsourced, were interviewed. The focus was on ‘the employees’ individual experiences and stories about the subjective and perceived employment relationship. Data were analyzed using basic qualitative analysis. The results indicate that a perceived breach of the psychological contract had a profound negative impact on the employment relationship and caused profound negative attitudes and emotional reactions towards the employer. The importance of a well established and mutually formulated psychological contract for the parties involved in the employment relationship, and in an extended perspective for the organization as such, is discussed.

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  • 27.
    Edman, Veronica
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Henningsson, Emelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Upplevelser av krav, kontroll, stöd och stress i mellanchefers dagliga arbete.2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    The role as a middle-manager is complex. They often tend to be squeezed between the management and the staff.  For this reason, it is very important that there is a good balance between demand, control, support and stress at work. Studies show that such balance is of great importance in facilitating the middle management's complex work situation. The aim of the study was to analyse middle manager’s experiences of demand, control, support and stress in their daily work. Semi-structured interviews with six middle managers on a private company were performed, and the result was analysed with deductive thematic analysis. All middle managers felt that they constantly experienced stress at work, and that the right proportions of demand, control and support could help them handle the stress at work.   

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  • 28.
    Eisfeldt, Rebecca
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Sandersen, Louise
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Upplevelsen av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön som man och minoritet inom förskole- och fritidsverksamheten.2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to investigate how men in a subjective way experienced their psychosocial work environment in preschool and leisure activities, a profession that is dominated by women. Their subjective experience of their psychosocial work environment was based on their position as a minority and gender as a man. A qualitative study was conducted with eight semi-structured interviews in which the participants experiences of their psychosocial work environment were in focus. Finally, the collected material was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. The main result showed that the men, on the basis of their gender and minority position, both perceived and suffered in their professional role. Several of the participants described experiences of discriminatory abuse, but many also experienced great benefits regarding positive discrimination in the workplace, recruitment opportunities and career opportunities. Furthermore, the result showed the importance of social support from management and colleagues.

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  • 29.
    Eriksson, Alexandra
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Roslund, Linnea
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Svenska linjechefers upplevelse av sitt chefskap efter en centralisering av HR2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to investigate line managers’ experiences of their managementship after centralization of the HR department, and the decentralization of tasks that are related to HR work. Through a qualitative study, eight interviews were conducted with line managers within an energy corporate group in Central Sweden. The focus was on the line managers' experiences, narratives and experiences of their managementship, after the organizational change that was implemented. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The result showed that the line managers felt factors such as cooperation, clear expectations, greater responsibility and also that the separation of managementship and leadership contributed to the changes that centralization brought, were perceived as positive. The importance of these factors with the decentralization of the tasks related to HR work has thus contributed to the line managers feeling that they are able to manage the increased demands placed on them as managers, and that they enjoy their managementship.

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    Eriksson-Roslund
  • 30.
    Eriksson, Helena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Heinst, Felinda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Psychology.
    Prokrastinering, arbeta extra och upplevd stress: En kvantitativ studie inriktad på heltidsstudenter vid högskola/universitet2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine if there were any differences regarding procrastination and perceived stress between full-time female and male college students with or without work parallel to their studies, as well as the relationship between procrastination and perceived stress. A web-based questionnaire was designed based on Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The survey was shared on Facebook where the participants, 164 students of which 82 women and 82 men, were selected by convenience sampling. The result of the study showed that students who worked extra procrastinates less than students without work, and that women procrastinates more than men. The result also showed that students who worked extra were less stressed than students without work, and that women were more stressed than men. There was a strong positive correlation between procrastination and perceived stress for all groups in the study. Moreover, the effects of gender and extra work on procrastination disappeared when stress was statistically controlled for. This indicate that underlying factors, such as stress, can play an important role in procrastination.

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  • 31.
    Eriksson, Sara
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Nässlin, Jenny
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    WLB - en fråga om balansen mellan arbete och privatliv2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att undersöka huruvida det finns en skillnad i graden av Work life balance (indelat i grupperna Work Family Conflict och Family Work Conflict) mellan de som har möjlighet att distansarbeta och de som inte har det och mellan de som har barn under 13 år och de som inte har det. Vidare undersöktes om arbetsengagemang kan predicera WLB. För att genomföra studien användes en pappersenkät som delades ut till samtliga anställda på den deltagande organisationen. Totalt samlades 85 enkäter in, varav 84 hade besvarats fullständigt. Resultatet visade en huvudeffekt av distansarbete gällande Work Family Conflict, där de anställda med möjlighet att distansarbeta upplevde en högre grad av Work Family Conflict än de som inte har möjlighet att distansarbeta. Resultatet visade dessutom att de anställda med högre värde på arbetsengagemang upplevde mindre av både Work family Conflict och Family Work Conflict.

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    Eriksson&Nässlin
  • 32.
    Fager, Frida
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Lyng, Adrian
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Mirror, mirror on the wall, tell us if the structure is likable?2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine, through the areas decisions making, accountability, variation in the work tasks, the organizations routines and job descriptions, the employee’s assessment of their current organizational structure. Furthermore, the study examined if the employee’s wanted bigger opportunities for decision making and accountability, more variation in the work tasks and clearer routines and job descriptions compared to their current organizational structure. A digital questionnaire was distributed to 110 employees. 73 of the employees chose to participate. A quantitative study was used, and the descriptive data was examined. Four separate paired sample t-tests were performed for the purpose of the two problem statements. The result was non-significant within all four tests. Individual items indicated that the employees assessed the organizational structure as both flat and hierarchic. 

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  • 33.
    From, Johanna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Georgsson, Julia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Le som om du menar det: En studie om emotionella krav och behov av socialt stöd hos en grupp receptionister i Sverige2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Tidigare studier har visat att receptionister brukar uppleva höga emotionella kravi arbetet. Föreliggande studie undersökte receptionisters upplevelser av emotionella kravoch socialt stöd. Studien genomfördes kvalitativt på fem verksamheter med åttasemistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades genom tematisk induktiv metod. Iresultatet framkom fyra teman: ”Att träda in i en yrkesroll”, ”Känsloanpassning”,”Påverkan av arbetskrav” och ”Behov av stöd”. Resultatet visade att det kollegialastödet upplevdes som det mest betydande stödet för att hantera kraven i arbetet, detorganisatoriska stödet upplevdes även viktigt men var inte ett stöd som receptionisternavanligen använde sig av. Receptionisterna som arbetade inom sekretesskyddadeverksamheter upplevde sig även ha begränsade former av socialt stöd. I resultatetframkom även att respondenterna som upplevde sig ha avsaknad från detorganisatoriska och det kollegiala stödet valde att söka sig till professionellt stöd(samtalsstöd). I diskussionen knöts respondenternas reaktioner till olika teoretiskaförklaringar.

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  • 34.
    Ghidey, Thomas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Från Arenan till Arbetsplatsen: Om tidigare elitidrottares karriäromställning till annat arbete2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 35.
    Green, Anne Marie
    University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology.
    The Interaction between Working Memory Capacity and Noise on Recall and Recognition of Orally Presented Text2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 15 points / 22,5 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The objectives of the present study were 1) to examine the effects of noise exposure on recall and recognition of orally presented text and 2) to examine the relation between working memory capacity and the performance of recall and recognition of orally presented text in noisy conditions. A total of 32 subjects, age 20-33, with no known hearing impairment, were paid to participate in the experiment. The hearing ability of all subjects was tested using recorded sentences with and without background noise. Their working memory capacity was tested using listening span, reading span and operation span tests measuring a) correctly recalled words of all three tests, b) the response latency in the reading span test and c) the processing time of the arithmetical operations in the operation span test. Finally all subjects took recall and recognition tests on texts presented orally with and without broadband background noise (white noise). The test results showed that 1) noise had no significant main effect on recall or recognition of the spoken texts, 2) ) the capacity of the central executive component of working memory, measured as the processing time of the arithmetical operations of the operation span test, correlated significantly with recall and recognition of the orally presented text in the noise condition, but not in the control condition, 3) noise exposure had a negative effect on the recognition performance of subjects with lower capacity of the central executive component of working memory.

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  • 36.
    Gustafsson, Christoffer
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Arbetsrelaterade mål hos kvinnor och män i privata och offentliga organisationer2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Arbetsrelaterade mål hos kvinnor och män i privata och offentliga organisationer

  • 37.
    Gustafsson, Jessica
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Egengruppseffekter på åldersbedömning och attraktivitetsbedömning av röster2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Own-group bias on age and attractiveness estimation of voices.

    Own-group bias elicited from categorization of subjects into arbitrary personality categories has been found on recognition of faces. The purpose of the present study was to examine if an own-group bias in a similar way could be elicited on age and attractiveness estimations of voices. A bogus personality test was completed by 38 participants in order to categorize them into two groups: red and green. Then 36 voice samples was presented one at a time along with a red or green background on the computer screen, and the subjects’ task was to estimate the age of the speaker and the attractiveness of the voice. The results showed no effects of color categorization. To conclude, the categorization of subjects into arbitrary personality categories was not enough to elicit an own-group bias on age and attractiveness estimation of voices.

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  • 38.
    Haga, Andreas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Eco-label effects in the built environment: does labeling a light source environmentally friendly influence performance and judgement?2018In: SAGE Open, E-ISSN 2158-2440, Vol. 8, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 39. Haga, Andreas
    Morally ‘loaded’ labels in the built environment influence perceptions and social judgementManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Products and artifacts with morally loaded labels (e.g., environmentally friendly) appear to change people’s perceptions and behavior. Previous studies have shown that desktop lamps labeled “environmentally friendly” can enhance perceived color discrimination and certain reading activities, compared to a physically identical lamp labeled “conventional”. This phenomenon might arise because people may behave in line with moral principles. The generalizability and robustness of this label effect was explored in the present study, by asking participants to make trait judgments of photographed faces. In an experimental design, participants judged photos enlightened by a desktop lamp that was either labeled environmentally friendly or not labeled at all. The results revealed that participants assigned more positive traits to the photographed persons when the lamp was labeled “environmentally friendly”, at least those with high altruistic values. The pattern was reversed for people with low altruistic values. Moreover, participants rated the light from the lamp labeled “environmentally friendly” as more comfortable and claimed that the light increased (perceived) visibility. In conclusion, the source (an environmentally friendly or a conventional lamp) from which the light originates changes the evaluation of the light itself and judgments of other individuals. The paper discusses theoretical explanations of the label effects as well as its implications for pro-environmental interventions. 

  • 40.
    Haga, Andreas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Morally “loaded” labels influence product perception and social judgement2018Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 41.
    Haga, Andreas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Psychological consequences of moral labelling in the built environment2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change is strongly linked to human behavior and technologies, and many of the barriers to sustainable behavior are rather psychological than technological. More sustainable technologies and food products have been introduced to combat climate change, most often labeled with morally loaded labels such as “organic” or “environmentally friendly”. The purpose of this thesis was, first, to gain knowledge into the psychological consequences of the introduction of eco-friendly technologies in the built environment, specifically how labeling these products “eco-friendly” influences perception and performance; secondly, to identify underlying psychological mechanisms and limits of this eco-label effect. Study 1 showed that participants generally prefer the taste of consumables labeled eco-friendly compared to conventional labeled alternatives, but the study also found that the label-effect is limited to certain products and certain judgmental dimensions. Results in this study also showed that people believe that eco-labeled products have positive effects on mental abilities. In Study 2 and 3, the focus was to study the effects of eco-labeling in the built environment on performance in cognitively demanding tasks, such as color discrimination and proofreading. At this point, the eco-label effect had been shown across a wide range of products like food, water, and office technologies, and been generalized to a wide range of judgmental dimensions and behaviors (i.e. taste, nutrition health benefits, comfortableness, and mental performance). In Study 4, results showed that eco-labeling can have effects also on behavior that arguably have very little to do with the labeling itself, by showing that social perception of photographed persons can also depend on the labeling of desktop lamps. A consistent finding across the studies was also that individual differences in environmental concern modulated the magnitude of the effect. The magnitude was larger in people with higher concern for the environment.

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  • 42.
    Haga, Andreas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Sound and social density critical for mental restoration in urban green areasManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The ability to restore cognitive resources in cities is constrained by the increased number of potential stressors, such as a greater degree of crowding and noise. To maintain mental and physical health, the opportunity to restore fatigued resources is essential. There is a clear need to further identify the mechanisms that support the ability to restore fatigued resources. However, there is little evidence regarding the social aspects of this issue, especially taking different sound environments into account. Additionally, the study of restoration might also be colored by selection bias, potentially resulting in more or less evident inverses being studied. Therefore, this study focuses solely on perceived restoration in a nature environment, with different soundscapes combined with different levels of social density, aiming to fill this identified research gap with a contextual integrative approach. The results show that nature sound shields against exhaustion, compared to both noise and silence. Furthermore, irrespective of the sound condition, a small number of people present is perceived as restorative. Overall, nature soundscape is, regardless of varied density levels, perceived as more restorative than noise or silence. It is concluded that both soundscape and number of people nearby influence human restoration. The paper also highlights the need for privacy when engaging in potentially restorative activities. This is crucial for urban planners designing growing cities and dense urban settlements. 

  • 43.
    Haga, Andreas
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Halin, Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Holmgren, Mattias
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Sörqvist, Patrik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Psychological restoration can depend on stimulus-source attribution: a challenge for the evolutionary account?2016In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 7, article id 1831Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Visiting or viewing nature environments can have restorative psychological effects, while exposure to the built environment typically has less positive effects. A classic view is that this difference in restorative potential of nature and built environments depends on differences in the intrinsic characteristics of the stimuli. In addition, an evolutionary account is often assumed whereby restoration is believed to be a hardwired response to nature’s stimulus-features. Here, we propose the novel hypothesis that the restorative effects of a stimulus do not entirely depend on the stimulus-features per se, but also on the meaning that people assign to the stimulus. Participants conducted cognitively demanding tests prior to and after a brief pause. During the pause, the participants were exposed to an ambiguous sound consisting of pink noise with white noise interspersed. Participants in the “nature sound-source condition” were told that the sound originated from a nature scene with a waterfall; participants in the “industrial sound-source condition” were told that the sound originated from an industrial environment with machinery; and participants in the “control condition” were told nothing about the sound origin. Self-reported mental exhaustion showed that participants in the nature sound-source condition were more psychologically restored after the pause than participants in the industrial sound-source condition. One potential interpretation of the results is that restoration from nature experiences depends on learned, positive associations with nature; not only on hardwired responses shaped by evolution.

  • 44.
    Halin, Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    A Shield against Distraction from Environmental Noise2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Working in noisy environments can be detrimental to cognitive performance. In order to perform well people have to find a way to attenuate distraction. This thesis aimed to study the balance between distractibility and task demands in the context of office-related tasks as a means by which to better understand how people in the work environment are influenced by environmental noise.

    In Report 1, 2 and 3 higher focal-task difficulty was achieved by manipulating the readability of the text that participants were asked to read (i.e. either displaying the text in hard-to-read font or by masking it with static visual noise). The results of Report 1 and Report 2 showed that background speech impaired performance on proofreading and memory for written stories respectively compared to silence, but only when the focaltask difficulty was low, not when it was high.

    In Report 3 it was shown that background speech, road traffic noise, and aircraft noise impaired performance on text memory compared to silence, but again, only when focal-task difficulty was low.

    In Report 4 it was tested whether higher cognitive load on the focal task would reduce peripheral processing of a to-be-ignored background story. The results of Report 4 showed that participants in the low-load condition recalled more of the information conveyed in the to-be-ignored background story compared to participants in the high-load condition. It was also investigated whether individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) would influence participants’ memory for written stories (Report 2) and incidental memory of the to-background story (Report 4) differently depending on task demand.

    The results showed that individuals scoring high on the WMC-test were less distracted by background speech in the easy-to-read font condition (Report 2), and recalled less of the information in the to-be-ignored background story in the low-cognitive load condition (Report 4) compared to individuals that scored lower on the WMC-test. These relationships were not found in the hard-to-read font condition in Report 2, or in the high-cognitive load condition in Report 4. Taken together, these results indicate that higher focal-task difficulty can shield against the detrimental effect environmental noise on performance on office-related tasks. Moreover, it shows that higher focal-task difficulty can help individuals with low-WMC to reach a level of performance that is similar to that of high-capacity individuals.

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  • 45.
    Halin, Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Distracted While Reading? Changing to A Hard-to-read Font Shields against the Effects of Environmental Noise and Speech on Text Memory2016In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 7, article id 1196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the distractive effects of background speech, aircraft noise and road traffic noise on text memory and particularly to examine if displaying the texts in a hard-to-read font can shield against the detrimental effects of these types of background sounds. This issue was addressed in an experiment where 56 students read shorter texts about different classes of fictitious creatures (i.e., animals, fishes, birds, and dinosaurs) against a background of the aforementioned background sounds respectively and silence. For half of the participants the texts were displayed in an easy-to-read font (i.e., Times New Roman) and for the other half in a hard-to-read font (i.e., Haettenschweiler). The dependent measure was the proportion correct answers on the multiple-choice tests that followed each sound condition. Participants’ performance in the easy-to-read font condition was significantly impaired by all three background sound conditions compared to silence. In contrast, there were no effects of the three background sound conditions compared to silence in the hard-to-read font condition. These results suggest that an increase in task demand - by displaying the text in a hard-to-read font - shields against various types of distracting background sounds by promoting a more steadfast locus-of-attention and by reducing the processing of background sound. 

  • 46.
    Halin, Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Higher task difficulty shields against the effects of road traffic noise and air traffic noise on recall for written text2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Hallberg, Martin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Medarbetare och chefers attityder till ledarskap2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Research has shown that congruence in attitudes among an organization’s staff can give benefits to the organization. Research in leadership therefore tries to understand organizational congruence in leadership preferences. The purpose of this study was to investigate how staff members in an organization view different aspects of leadership and specifically if managers and employees portray differences or similarities in their attitudes. Three dimensions of leadership were considered; desired leadershipstyle; supervisor development, and leadership training. The method was quantitative with empirical testing carried out through an online survey. 69 respondents from a large healthcare company in Sweden responded. The results show that overall the respondents prefer transformative leadership over transactional, and that values based leadership courses are preferred over classical group oriented courses and more modern, arts based leadership trainings. The two groups thus view leadership across the three dimensions similarly but one difference was noted: Supervisors preferred transformative leadership more than the employees did.

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  • 48.
    Hansson, Melinda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Wedebrant, Amanda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    "Innerst inne ville hon kanske": Fokusgruppsintervjuer med ungdomar om gärningspersoner och offer vid sexualbrott 2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Deep down, maybe she wanted it

    An essay based on qualitative focus group interviews with adolescents in a Swedish high school, regarding their thoughts on and constructions of perpetrators and victims of sexual offenses. The aim of our study was to examine adolescents perceptions and constructions of perpetrators and victims of sexual offenses from a gender perspective. We conducted three focus group interviews with a total of 18 adolescents between the age of 16 and 19. The adolescents consistently referred to perpetrators as men and generally had difficulties seeing women as perpetrators of sexual offenses. Male offenders were primarily depicted as alpha males who commit sexual offenses in order to get a sexual release, while female offenders were primarily depicted as sick, strange and without self-respect. The adolescents more easily perceived women as victims of sexual offenses, still, some circumstances seemed to affect the possibility for a woman to be viewed as an ideal victim, in a negative way. Being a woman subjected to a sexual offense was thought to result in mental issues and breached sexuality, while men were thought not to be as affected by sexual abuse. The adolescents believed that women who reported abuse risked being looked at as sluts and as tainted while men who reported abuse where at risk of being considered as unmanly and as homosexuals.  

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    Hansson&Wedebrant.Examensarbete17
  • 49.
    Haraldsson, Ted
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Ströberg, Elias
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Skiftarbete – en faktor som kan skapa obalans i vardagslivet2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to analyze how different working hours affects the balance between one's personal life and work life. The concept Quality of Life (QoL)  and Work-Life Balance (WLB), divided into Work-family conflict (WFC) and Family-work conflict (FWC) was used to measure balance. In addition, there was an interest in investigate if WLB correlated with QoL. The study was conducted by a questionnaire which was distributed on an industrial enterprise in mid-Sweden where the participant answered questions both from the perspective of working nighttime and daytime. Netemeyers, Boless and McMurrians (1996) scale, divided into FWC and WFC, was used to measure WLB, while Lindner et al, (2016) Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life (BBQ) was used to measure QoL. The result of this study showed that working daytime, compared to nighttime, is associated with a better WLB score, and that there are differences between WFC and FWC. There was so significant correlation between WLB and QoL. 

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    fulltext
  • 50.
    Hellman, Anna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Hellström, Ida
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Effekten av bakgrundstal på prosaminne: Kan ett annorlunda teckensnitt skydda från distraktion?2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This experimental study investigated whether a person can be protected from background speech when using of a different font then they usually reads. Thirty-two participants took part in the experiment. The participants' task was to recall information from texts about two fictitious cultures that were either written in a common font (Times New Roman) or in a different font (Haettenschweiler) in two sound conditions: silence and irrelevant background speech. The results showed that the participants' performance deteriorated on the reading memory test when they would remember a text written in Times New Roman, but not when the text was written in Haettenschweiler. This suggests that a person can be protected from background speech while reading shorter texts written in a different font than they usual read, which can be a simple solution to use in an open-plan office.

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    Effekten av bakgrundstal på prosaminne
1234 1 - 50 of 158
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