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  • 1.
    Cananau, Iulian
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, English.
    Fictionalisations of American Populism: From Edward Bellamy's Utopia to Angie Thomas's Black Lives Matter Novel2022In: Populism, Democracy, and the Humanities: Interdisciplinary Explorations and Critical Enquiries / [ed] Iulian Cananau and Peder Thalén, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2022, p. 183-201Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter discusses three best-selling fictional novels published at key moments in the history of American populism. The first one, Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward 2000-1887, is a famous utopia and protest novel that helped crystalize the populist movement and exerted influence on the political agenda and organization of the People’s Party in the early 1890s. The second, It Can’t Happen Here, is a realist dystopia written by Nobel Prize laureate Sinclair Lewis in 1935, in an epoch marked by the successes and failures of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal and the rise of fascism and communism in the United States and abroad. It was also the time when the populist label had been extended to a special kind of left-wing political profile, one centered on the charismatic leader whose discourse and policies were tainted by demagoguery and authoritarianism. Huey P. Long, the colorful political boss from Louisiana, and Father Charles Coughlin, a Roman Catholic priest turned radio star from Detroit who spoke admiringly of Hitler and Mussolini, are prime examples of that species. The third novel is African American writer Angie Thomas’s bestselling work of young adult fiction The Hate U Give from 2017. This book dramatizes a black teenager’s trauma of witnessing the absurd killing of her friend by a white police officer and follows the protagonist’s transition from innocent bystander to antiracist rioter and protest leader. The narrative and its screen adaptation from 2018 may have played an important role in galvanizing the public opinion in support of the Black Lives Matter movement.   

    Reading these novels and reflecting over their relationship with populism may shed light on the perceptions and manifestations of American populism, based on two opposite approaches to the national democratic project: a view that American democracy has yet to be realized and an anti-democratic one fueled by irrational resentments. In addition, approaching the history of American populism though these novels enables one to focus less on the “supply” side of populist politics (i.e. the populist leader and the populist party), as most analysts and commentators of populism do, and more on the “demand” side of it (i.e. the people/voters’ perception of and need for populist politics and politicians). Out of the many and often contradictory definitions of populism in political science, one is selected, argued for and used throughout the essay.

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  • 2.
    Cananau, Iulian
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, English.
    Thalén, PederUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Populism, Democracy, and the Humanities: Interdisciplinary Explorations and Critical Enquiries2022Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this volume, twelve Sweden-based researchers reflect on the phenomenon and concept of populism in relation to democracy and the humanities from the multiple vantage points of various disciplinary backgrounds: philosophy, history of ideas, media and communication, journalism, political science, gender studies, organization science, education theory, popular culture, and literary studies. While the study of populism has attracted a lot of attention in political science, this topic has been rarely explored by scholars in the humanities. Rather than contribute to the already established area of populism studies in social and political sciences, our authors take a more open and exploratory stance through which they attempt to open up new fields and directions for inquiry from an interdisciplinary humanistic perspective.

  • 3.
    Fregidou-Malama, Maria
    University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, Ämnesavdelningen för företagsekonomi.
    The Relationship Between Agricultural Cooperatives and the State in Sweden: The Legislative Process2000In: Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, ISSN 1370-4788, E-ISSN 1467-8292, Vol. 71, no 1, p. 79-103Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    On the basis of interviews made with twenty seven leading personalities from cooperatives and government institutions, it is identified, that two main dimensions, the economic and the social, are emphasized by different interest groups involved in the cooperative process. It is also indicated that the relationship between state and cooperatives, in varying degrees, combines these two basic dimensions over time in the actual cooperative law and thus focuses on one dimension, neglecting the other. Relationship is meant to anchor the economic and the social values of cooperatives in the political process, and enable them to be accepted. In conclusion, it can be argued that the state can influence the character of cooperatives by selecting specific actors in specific processes. For this reason, in order to secure a sustainable autonomous development of cooperatives, it is important to synthesize and take into consideration different interests in future relations between cooperatives and the state.

  • 4.
    Gunnarson, Carina
    et al.
    Uppsala universitet.
    Rostami, Amir
    Stockholm universitet .
    Sweden: Organised crime, politics and civil society2019In: Handbook of Organised Crime and Politics / [ed] Felia Alum & Stan Gilmour, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing , 2019, p. 35-49Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden represents an unlikely case for the development of mafia-like organisations: the state is strong with a relatively well-functioning legal system; the political institutions are stable, trust in government is widespread, bureaucratic ethics are strong, and associational life is vibrant. Yet, in a relatively short time, starting in the early 1980s, organised crime has established its power structure in Södertälje, a medium-sized city near Stockholm. In September 2014, the Svea Court of Appeal in Stockholm confirmed the existence of a criminal organisation that had an extensive power structure with ramifications into politics and the welfare sector. This chapter analyses the so-called ‘Syriac mafia’ and its relationship with the welfare state and politics at the local level in the city of Södertälje.

  • 5.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för filmvetenskap, historia, litteraturvetenskap, medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap och statsvetenskap.
    Figuras del poder soberano, fueros internos e inventio política2009Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Political science.
    Geometría y contingencia de lo político2011In: Vida pública, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 9-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för historia och statsvetenskap.
    Interiores y exteriores politológicos2001In: Foro Interno : Anuario de Teoría Política, ISSN 1578-4576, E-ISSN 1988-2920, Vol. 1, no 1, p. 75-114Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Political science.
    La figuración retórica de los espacios políticos2010In: Política y cultura. La tensión de dos lenguajes. / [ed] Cairo, Heriberto och Javier Franzé, Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva , 2010, p. 109-125Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för historia och statsvetenskap.
    Lenguaje y construcción en el estudio de la política1997In: Revista de Estudios Políticos, ISSN 0048-7694, E-ISSN 1989-0613, no 97, p. 225-254Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för historia och statsvetenskap.
    Metonimias del Estado soberano2008In: Utopía y praxis latinoamericana : Revista internacional de Filosofía Iberoamericana y Teoría Social, ISSN 1316-5216, Vol. 13, no 43, p. 33-48Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för filmvetenskap, historia, litteraturvetenskap, medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap och statsvetenskap.
    On Power, Order and Prudence in Early Modern Spanish Political Thought2008In: Redescriptions : Yearbook of Political Thought, Conceptual History and Feminist Theory, Vol. 12, p. 271-275Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Political science.
    Poder soberano, fueros internos e inventio política2012In: Retórica y democracia: Perspectivas críticas sobre el estado de la investigación / [ed] Arenas-Dolz, Francisco, Valencia: Institució Alfons el Magnànim , 2012, p. 241-262Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences. Historia och statsvetenskap.
    Relaciones internacionales, tiempo y espacio político: discursos sobre Europa y España.1998Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
  • 14.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för historia och statsvetenskap.
    Remapping Global Politics: History’s Revenge and Future Shock2005In: Foro Interno: Anuario de Teoría Política, ISSN 1578-4576, no 5, p. 150-152Article, book review (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 15.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Political science.
    Representación y fundación política2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för historia och statsvetenskap.
    The Rights of Strangers: Theories of International Hospitality, the Global Community, and Political Justice since Vitoria2004In: Foro Interno : Anuario de Teoría Política, ISSN 1578-4576, E-ISSN 1988-2920, no 4, p. 165-167Article, book review (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Political science.
    Thomas Hobbes y las metonimias del Estado moderno2010In: Pasajes. Revista de pensamiento contemporáneo, ISSN 1575-2259, no 32, p. 45-52Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Political science.
    Todd Butler, Imagination and Politics in Seventeenth-Century England2010In: Foro Interno : Anuario de Teoría Política, ISSN 1578-4576, E-ISSN 1988-2920, Vol. 10, p. 201-203Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för filmvetenskap, historia, litteraturvetenskap, medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap och statsvetenskap.
    Utopía y praxis latinoamericana: Revista internacional de Filosofía Iberoamericana y Teoría Social, Número 43, Vol (13)2008Collection (editor) (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Hammar, Björn
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för historia och statsvetenskap.
    Varierande ursprung och rörliga horisonter: anmärkningar om tidsperspektiv och historia som politiskt språk2001Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Hammar, Björn
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för historia och statsvetenskap.
    Abellán, Joaquín
    Franzé, Javeier
    Pablo, Jáuregui
    The meaning of "Europe" in Spain (1941-1986)2003Book (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Isén, Fredrik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities.
    Alla ska med?: en jämförande ideologianalys av medborgarskapsbegreppet i dansk och svensk parlamentarisk debatt2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Citizenship is fundamental for participation in a democracy. It gives us rights but also responsibilities in the state that we are citizens of. Citizenship provides us with the opportunity to vote in order to influence who should govern us. However, not all living in a state are citizens. Some individuals are not included in the political life of the state.

    In recent years, there has been a rise of nationalist political parties in Europe. Since the end of the nineties the party Dansk Folkeparti has been a member of the Danish Parliament and with the 2010 elections in Sweden, the Swedish counterpart Sverigedemokraterna is now also represented in the Parliament.

    In citizenship theory there is an ongoing debate, chiefly concerning the issue on understanding the underlying meaning of what citizenship really is. The substantially different perspectives that are held by on one side Liberals and on the other Communitarians are ideal for use in a comparative study regarding differences in the recent parliamentary debate in Denmark and Sweden.

    Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the parliamentary debate in regards to the issue of citizenship in Denmark and Sweden.

    The main results of the study show that the arguments held by the political parties in both countries are in line with the ideologies of liberals and communitarians, but that there is a slightly different focus between the two debates. Also, there are a greater number of parties in Denmark that represent communitarians values than there are in Sweden.

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  • 23.
    Khatchadourian, Simon
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies.
    Thegenholm, Ida
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies.
    En analys av Skatteverkets ställningstagande från den 20 december 2021, dnr: 8-1267917: Skattetillägg när en uppgiftsskyldig gör en komplettering efter att en oriktig uppgift har lämnats2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Skatteverket kom ut med ett nytt ställningstagande “Skattetillägg när en uppgiftsskyldig gör en komplettering efter att en oriktig uppgift har lämnats” den 20 december 2021. Detta ställningstagande tillkom för att klargöra i vilka situationer en komplettering ses som en rättelse på eget initiativ och när den inte är det. En oriktig uppgift är i regel information som lämnats eller uteslutits i beskattningsunderlaget och som ligger till grund för den skattskyldiges egen beskattning. Det kan handla om all form av information som lämnats skriftligen och som medför en mer gynnsam beskattning för den skattskyldige. Vidare redogörs för vad som avses med rättelse på eget initiativ. Vad som avses med rättelse anges inte explicit i lagtexten. Det föreligger således inget formellt krav för när en rättelse ska anses föreligga. Det framgår av rättspraxis att den tidigare lydelsen frivillig rättelse genomgick en språklig förändring i och med införandet av skatteförfarandelagen 2012 till att bli mer nyanserad. Anledningen till detta var på grund av Europakonventionen om hur de svenska reglerna stod i strid mot artikel 4.1 i Europakonventionens sjunde tilläggsprotokoll, Ne bis in idem. Det som åsyftas med begreppet “komplettering” i Skatteverkets ställningstagande är dels att den skattskyldiga klarlägger att en tidigare lämnad uppgift anses vara felaktig, dels att den skattskyldige lämnar med mer information om en uppgift utan avsikt att vilja ändra tidigare lämnad uppgift. Det finns ett krav på att en kompletteringsuppgift ska vara “en uttrycklig eller underförstådd viljeförklaring” om att vilja rätta den oriktiga uppgiften. Om kravet inte uppfylls kommer Skatteverket göra bedömningen att kompletteringsuppgiften inte är tillräckligt tydlig för att bedömas som en rättelse och därmed befrias från skattetillägg. En komplettering är visserligen inte alltid att klassas en rättelse men kan ändå medföra befrielse från skattetillägg. Utöver att bli helt befriad finns det även delvis befrielse som kan medges i tre olika situationer. Den ena situationen är när den skattetilläggsgrundande ändringen medför avdragsrätt för den tillkommande avgiften/skatten vid inkomstbeskattning. Det andra scenariot är när en skattetilläggrundande ändring avseende mervärdesskatt orsakar att ett belopp motsvarande mervärdesskatten medges som avdrag för lönekostnad vid inkomstbeskattning. Sist kan delvis befrielse från skattetillägg medges även om redovisningen är avsiktlig. 

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  • 24.
    Löfgren, Kristoffer
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities.
    Sunt förnuft: populism i politiska partiers valpropaganda2010Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study attempts to answer the question of whether the propaganda of the Swedish political parties ”Socialdemokraterna”, and/or ”Sverigedemokraterna”, used for the election to the European parliament 2009, are to be viewed as populistic. Furthermore, is the propaganda to viewed as included in the ”Classical populism”, the ”New populism”, both, or none of the above genres? With a theoretical approach deriving from earlier works on the subject Classical/New populism from a number of writers, the study uses empirical and qualitative text analysis to study the parties propaganda. For each of the two genres of populism an ideal type is set up, which is used to define their core elements. The empirical material is then put in relation to these two ideal types as a reference point, so that it can be examined systematically. The main result of the study concludes that none of the two ideal types matches the information that can be read out from the party ”Socialdemokraterna”´s election propaganda, and that it therefore is to be regarded as neither ”Classical” nor ”New” populism. ”Sverigedemokraterna”´s propaganda on the other hand, displays all of the characteristics that are defined by the theory used in the study as ”New populism”.

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  • 25.
    Löfstrand, Lisa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies.
    Välfärd - ett begrepp i förändring: En diskursanalys av LSS2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 26.
    Persson, Daniel
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för filmvetenskap, historia, litteraturvetenskap, medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap och statsvetenskap.
    Yttrandefrihetens dilemma: en idécentrerad studie om yttrandefrihetens roll och begränsningar2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper concerns the freedom of speech in our democracy and the principles underlying the restrictions. The study is aimed at using a descriptive theory to provide a useful basis for analyzing a justification of the role behind freedom of speech and its limitations. The analysis is made on the basis of the Swedish parliament debate in the form of motions and the non-governmental organization Swedish Helsinki Committee's report. The study has a focus on the law of hate speech and will be done with an idea centred analysis. On the basis of democratic theory, the central role of freedom of speech was clarified on the basis of a clear need for a reliable communication. An absence of this process could disrupt the democratic order. The theoretical function of restrictions is to maintain that reliable communication process where, for example, special circumstances, threats of violence and certain types of information were seen as examples of situations where the process could be in danger.

    The empirical result was largely in line with the theoretical conclusions. The ability to argue and keep open debates was seen as important building blocks in a democratic society and therefore implies the benefits of a reliable communication process. Justification for the restrictions was made with regard to harmful information, threatening circumstances and xenophobic organizations, who were examples of counter-productive expressions to the democratic order. However, the study showed that parliamentary motions and the Swedish Helsinki Committee often focused their justifications on different fundamental views which partly could be explained by the concepts of positive and negative freedom and the perception of minority rights. The findings indicated that the issue of restrictions on freedom of speech is extremely complex because of the varied opinions in the drafting of the law of hate speech. The dilemma of freedom of expression can therefore be seen as relevant up to this day.

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  • 27.
    Pettersson, Joanna
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för filmvetenskap, historia, litteraturvetenskap, medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap och statsvetenskap.
    Rättigheter och skyldigheter i grundlagarna: I ljuset av den politiska filosofin2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this essay has been to compare different constitutions, and their outlook on citizenship, rights, obligations and natural duty. This has been done in the light of the political philosophy, in order to give the answer to four questions. These questions are: Which rights and obligations can be seen in the constitutions, and how can it be interpreted. Can there be signs of any political philosophy in the constitutions?  Are there any differences between the constitutions regarding citizenship, rights, obligations and natural duty? If so, what are the differences? Can the rights be seen in a further extent than the obligations in the constitutions?

    I have conducted a qualitative comparision study and analyzed the political philosophers and made a classification scheme of their views. Further I made a comparison between the constitutions of the countries, and their view on citizenship, rights, obligations and natural duty. This was later inflicted in to the classification scheme, to see if the countries could fit in to the political philosophers views, and also to find out if there would be any differences in values between the countries constitutions.

    To bind together the outlook on citizenship, rights, obligations and natural duty between the citizen and the state, I have used a social contract theory, to get better understanding regarding the relationship between the legal system and the citizen.

    My conclusions of this essay is that the political philosophers views of citizenship, rights, obligations and natural duty was sometimes similar, but the differences were clear in the light of the classification scheme. The countries constitutions were also similar, but I found that the constitutions could fit in different places in the classification scheme, giving the result that citizenship and rights, were important in all of the constitutions, but obligations and natural duty was not.

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  • 28.
    Rönnlund, Fredrik
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    En gemensam fiende?: -En jämförande studie om olika staters syn på terrorism2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Even though terrorism has been on the political agenda for several years there is no general accepted definition of the phenomena of terrorism. Several scientist do also apply that terrorism have changed after the 9/11-attacks. The purpose with this thesis was to analyze and compare the image of terrorism represented by the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway, in an attempt to draw conclusions about similarities and differentials. The material that was used was these four nations individual counter terrorism strategy. This was made by using idea analysis and self constructed dimensions based on earlier science about security, terrorism and international law. A result of this study showed that there is a consensus about terrorism as a high existential threat because of the religious extremism that is related to Al Qaeda and justifies mass murder and have showed attempt to acquire weapons of mass destruction. On this adoption the nations in this study justifies extraordinary actions in cooperation against global terrorism. It is however some differentials about the means to counter this threat. The United States, United Kingdom and Norway describes in their strategy that the threat of Al Qaeda and its allies should be met by military force. United Kingdom describes that the military action is to consider as an exception based on the extraordinary threat that Al Qaeda poses. Sweden on the other hand shows a description of terrorism as a criminal act that should be met by national measures.

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  • 29.
    Selander, Anders
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities.
    Förtroendet till samhällets institutioner: En komparativ studie mellan Sverige och Portugal2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is about trust for public institutions and what the foundation is that builds this confidence. For this study I have used three dependent variables to define different aspects of public institutions. These are trust in the legal system, trust in political parties and state of health services nowadays.  The method that is used in the study is based on a comparative study between two countries, Sweden and Portugal.  The actual result is made up by comparing means and regressions by using 13 independent variables. Many of the independent variables that has been used is deriving from institutional theories of Putnam and Rothstein These theories points out the importance of strong traditions of civic engagement and that the success of the trust of the institutions depends in large part on the horizontal bonds that make up social capital. Other theories describe the malicious venom that is the outcome of corruption and the importance of happiness. The cultural dimensions by Hofstede are also included in the list of theories, especially those dealing with the freedom and free from collectivism and caring for others well-being. With help from these theories thirteen independent variables were emerged. The result that comes from the study is that the trust is first of all the obvious Sweden has a higher level of trust in all the different aspects than Portugal. Although the regressions shows that only 4,8 -11,2% can be explained, there is still possible to make clear conclusions. The clearest conclusion we can draw is that state of happiness makes a difference regarding trust for the institutions. Other things that influence the trust are civic engagement by working in another organization and believing in equality seems to correlate with higher trust. Caring for others seems to have a slightly negative effect on the trust. With this we can conclude that altruists do not have a higher trust on public institutions than others. A clearer tendency is that the sense of feeling free is negative on the trust for the public institutions.

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  • 30.
    Stenbäck, Tomas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Swedish Belief and Swedish Tradition: The Role of Religion in Sweden Democrat Nationalism2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the context of Western, European, Nordic, and Swedish radical nationalism, this study is an analysis of the various ways the political party the Sweden Democrats talks about religion; primarily about Swedish Evangelical-Lutheran Christianity and the Church of Sweden.

     

    The study investigates the party expressions on religion and nationalism, using theoretical models of interpretation, constructed for this specific purpose, out of hermeneutic methodology.

     

    The purpose has been to analyse the different functions of the various ways the Sweden Democrats talk about religion, and to investigate how the references to religion legitimize the ideology of nationalism, with the aim to answer the following questions:

    • How do the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion function as an identity marker?
    • In what way is it possible to distinguish an aspiration for cultural purity in the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion?
    • Is it possible to distinguish neo-racism in the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion?
    • In which ways can the Sweden Democrats’ talk on religion be regarded as political strategy?

     

    The results demonstrate in which ways the Sweden Democrats apply religion to promote the party perceptions of nationalism, as well as to legitimize the party conceptions of the Swedish nation and the Swedish people:

    • Swedish Christianity and the Church of Sweden are used to identify Swedish culture and to identify contrasting foreign culture.
    • Swedish Christianity is used as the determining factor between the good Swedish people and the bad other people.
    • Swedish Christianity is used as the determining factor between the right Swedish values and the wrong values of the other.
    • Swedish Christian values are used as dividing criteria between the culturally pure Swedish people and the culturally impure other people.
    • The degeneration of the Church of Sweden mirrors the degeneration of the Swedish society.
    • Swedish Christian homogeneity will guarantee security for the Swedish people and the Swedish nation within the Swedish nation-state.
    • Elements of religion and culture sort different peoples into different categories in the hierarchical view of humanity.
    • Swedish Christianity and Swedish culture identify and define the Swedish people as innocent to the current precarious situation of the Swedish nation, and Swedish Christianity and Swedish culture identify and define the people of the other, which is to blame for this situation.
    • The Swedish people is superior, to the non-Swedish people, because of superior Swedish religion and superior Swedish culture.
    • Swedish Christianity is used to promote anti-democratic political positions.
    • Swedish Christianity is used to legitimize coercion and force in the enforcement of Swedishness.
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  • 31.
    Stigson, Peter
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling.
    Jinhyue, Yan
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling.
    Improving policy making through government-industry policy learning: the case of a novel Swedish policy framework2009In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 86, no 4, p. 399-406Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change poses an unprecedented challenge for policy makers. This paper analyzes how industry sector policy expertise can contribute to improved policy making processes. Previous research has identified that policy making benefit by including non-governmental policy analysts in learning processes. Recent climate and energy policy developments, including policy amendments and the introduction of new initiatives, have rendered current policy regimes as novel both to governments and the industry. This increases business investment risk perceptions and may thus reduce the effectiveness and efficiency of the policy framework. In order to explore how government-industry policy learning can improve policy making in this context, this article studied the Swedish case. A literature survey analyzed how policy learning had been previously addressed, indentifying that the current situation regarding novel policies had been overlooked. Interviews provided how industrial actors view Swedish policy implementation processes and participatory aspects thereof. The authors conclude that an increased involvement of the industry sector in policy design and management processes can be an important measure to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of climate and energy policies.

  • 32.
    Söderberg, Nadja
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Land management, GIS.
    Hur trafikplanering kan komma att påverkas av självkörande fordon: Med fokus på planerarens och allmänhetens perspektiv2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The focus of this study is how self-driving vehicles can come to affect the future urban planning of infrastructure. In order to find that out, earlier studies have been analyzed and interviews have been done with three infrastructure planners in different counties around Sweden to see if they have already been thinking about this topic. The purpose of the study is to give todays planners an insight on how the planning can be affected by the self- driving technology when it is put in use in our public spaces.

    The public participated in this study by answering some questions on this topic and about their current transportation habits (as well as how they may be affected by the self-driving technology). The interviews with the infrastructure planners focused on what they were focusing on in todays planning of infrastructure and how that may be affected by the self-driving vehicles.

    This study shows that infrastructure planners mostly focus on the availability to walk, bicycle and public transfer. Therefore, previous research shows that its possible that self-driving vehicles will be introduced to the society as an alternative to public transit rather than private cars.

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  • 33.
    Temel, Melis
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Lozano, Rodrigo
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Barreiro-Gen, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Analysing the governance factors for sustainability in organisations and their inter-relations2021In: Frontiers in Sustainability, E-ISSN 2673-4524, Vol. 2, article id 684585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Governance is instrumental to the implementing sustainability in organisations (civil society, companies, and public sector ones). Seven governance factors have been identified to achieve this: vision and mission, policies, reporting, communication, board of directors, department, and person in charge. However, their importance and interrelations are still under-researched. A survey was sent to 5,299 organisations, with 305 responses. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, rankings, comparison between organisation types, correlations, and centrality. The results provide the ranking of the factors, where vision and mission, person in charge, and reporting were highest ranked. The analysis also reveals that the seven factors are interrelated, albeit some more than others. The research provides a comparison of the rankings and interrelations between the organisation types. Each factor and its relation to other factors can contribute to better governance for sustainability, and better governance can contribute to a more holistic implementation of sustainability in organisations.

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  • 34.
    Thalén, Peder
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Cananau, Iulian
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, English.
    Introduction: Populism and the Humanities2022In: Populism, Democracy, and the Humanities: Interdisciplinary Explorations and Critical Enquiries / [ed] Iulian Cananau and Peder Thalén, Lanham, Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2022Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Vegter, Geranne
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science.
    Falk, Tomas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science.
    Improving Deliberative Mini-Publics: Insights from Participants and Organisers through IPO Analysis of Survey Data2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Deliberative mini-publics (DMPs) are a tool for promoting more inclusive and responsive public policy by engaging citizens in informed and meaningful dialogue and decision-making. In the context of wicked problems, such as the climate crisis, DMPs could facilitate community acceptance, action readiness, and general satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate the key factors for implementing a successful DMP, using data from a new survey-generated dataset (N = 97) distributed amongst the people who have participated in a mini-public (panellists, participants) and organisers’ inputs as collected in the Participedia database (N = 900): What are the differences between what organisers and panellists find important in deliberative mini-publics? How do different choices of project structure and methods lead to different types of impact?

    The study employs pathway and factor analysis to develop an input-process-output model that visualises the crucial pathways and structures of a DMP project. The analysis was done through structural equation modelling, exploratory factor analysis, and by using correlations.

    A striking difference between panellists' and organisers' perspectives was found to be their take on stakeholder involvement: where organisers heavily favour stakeholder presence, our panellists did not. Furthermore, the process of deliberation strongly influences the outcome. Conflict transformation is rarely achieved simultaneously with other outcomes. The findings underscore the significance of taking into account not only structural circumstances but also a diverse array of deliberative strategies and factors. Moreover, the research reveals that success in deliberative processes may manifest in various forms. If DMPs are to be used as an advocacy tool, they need a well-defined topic and involve certain interest groups. However, if the goal is for DMPs to be part of the democratic decision-making process or for participants themselves to be the focus, other priorities need to be set, such as deliberation techniques. Overall, the study’s results have important implications for policy-makers and researchers interested in promoting effective citizen engagement in public policy-making.

  • 36.
    Westin, Carolina
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Östlund, Petra
    University of Gävle, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
    Intressen i det internationella systemet: En idéanalys av EU:s intervention i Somalia2009Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The main aim of this study is to investigate which structural ideas that lies behind the European Union’s marine operation Atalanta that has been put into motion to counteract piracy and robbery outside the coast of Somalia. In order to do this, we have with the use of the theory of weak states, intervention as well as sovereignty, investigated EU’s document in the question with the use of the idea centered analytical method. The questions that has guided this study, lies both on an empirical and theoretical level. On the basis of a theoretical perspective we have investigatet how the principle of sovereignty and thoughts on intervention affects the international community’s handling of the potential problems in weak states. On the empirical level we investigated which conceptions and structural ideas that can explain EU’s strategy in the set up and execution of operation Atalanta.

    The study sowed that the humanitarian ideal is the most prominent idea behind this operation. It also showed that there is a realistic view behind the operation. This view means that one always ought to win something on every operation one executes. Further more, we noticed that the principle of sovereignty ever since the Cold War had to stand back in favor of humanitarian interventions. This can be explained by the fact that human rights has become a stronger ideal. However, the question regarding when it is right and who has he right to intervene is still an object of discussion on both a theoretical level and from case to case.

     

    Key words: intervention, weak states, sovereignty, Somlia, Atalanta, EU

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  • 37.
    Widerberg, Linnea
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities.
    Suveränitet eller mänskliga rättigheter?: En idéanalys om USA:s rättfärdigande av Operation Iraqi Freedom2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    As human beings, we are all governed by our innate instinct that to kill another human being, or to just inflict pain on another, is to go against what makes us human. Still, it happens every day, far and near. Some of these killings happens in war-like situations, where atrocities against humanity occur. The international community has since the founding of UN in 1945, a duty to intervene where crimes against the human rights occur. This is a difficult task, because, in order to intervene and help those in need, the situation might postulate states violating states sovereignty. This is a problem.

                           Hence, the main aim of this study is to investigate how a state can justify intervening in a foreign country in the light of human rights and state sovereignty.

                          In order to do this, the theories of sovereignty, nature rights, human rights and intervention has been applied upon the empirical material of USA’s invasion of Iraq, also named, Operation Iraqi Freedom. To execute the analysis, an idea centered analytical method was used. The two questions that guided this study lies both on an theoretical and empirical level. The previous question looked into how states can defend their actions when intervening on basis of the human rights, in a foreign state. The latter question investigates USA’s reasoning and justification, in regards to sovereignty and human rights, prior to the invasion of Iraq in 2003.

                          The study showed that the human rights, as well as liberal values, such as, freedom and liberty were the prevailing arguments in America’s reasoning.

                          The international community’s agreement on international law and respecting the principle of self governance, has, in recent years, put a clear tension on the relation between sovereignty and humanitarian intervention.

                          This goes to show that in questions of sovereignty vs. human rights, the latter comes out on top in international law. At least in the case of USA’s invasion of Iraq in 2003.

                          Though, the question on who has the right and when it is right to intervene is very much circumstantial, and so, the discussion ought to continue.

     

    Keywords: sovereignty, nature rights, human rights, intervention, Iraq, USA, Operation Iraqi Freedom, White House

     

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  • 38.
    Wilkinson, Cathy
    et al.
    Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå, Sweden.
    Saarne, Toomas
    Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Paterson, Garry D.
    Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Colding, Johan
    Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm, Sweden; The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Strategic spatial planning and the ecosystem services concept: An historical exploration2013In: Ecology & Society, E-ISSN 1708-3087, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines how ecosystem services (ES) have been taken into account historically in strategic spatial plans in Melbourne and Stockholm through a comparative case study analysis of eight strategic spatial plans from 1929-2010. We investigated the types of ES taken into account, and how human-nature relations and the valuation and trade-off discussions regarding ES were framed. An ES coding protocol was developed that categorized and identified 39 ES drawing from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and other relevant literature. Only two of the 39 ES were addressed in every plan for both cities, namely freshwater and recreation. While the number of ES referred to in plans has generally increased over time, just under a third of ES in Melbourne and Stockholm were not addressed at all. References to individual ES showed little continuity over time. This variability reveals a time-scale mismatch that has been overlooked in the ES literature with potential urban policy implications. Despite considerable variation in ES addressed across the plans, there is a striking similar pattern in the total numbers of ES addressed over time in both cities. Plans for both cities showed a spike in the late 60s/early 70s, followed by a significant decline in the late 70s/early 80s with the highest number of ES addressed in the most recent plans. Furthermore, our analysis shows that strategic spatial plans generally demonstrate awareness that urban populations are dependent on ecosystems and this framing is an important part of the policy discourse. While specific monetary values were not placed on any ES in the plans, resolution of land-use conflicts requiring tradeoffs between ES and equity of distribution of ES is a central feature of most of the examined plans. We argue that longitudinal policy document analysis represents a useful complement to any attempt to improve understanding of the implications of and opportunities for operationalizing an ES approach in urban practice

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