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  • 1.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    RISE.
    Bolin, Lisa
    RISE.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE.
    Linder, Marcus
    RISE.
    Mellquist, Ann-Charlotte
    RISE.
    Norefjell, Fredric
    RISE.
    Nyström, Thomas
    RISE.
    Rex, Emma
    RISE.
    Norrblom, Hans-Lennart
    RISE.
    Tööj, Lars
    Industrial Development Center, Sweden..
    Cirkulära möbelflöden: Hur nya affärsmodeller kan bidra till hållbar utveckling inom offentliga möbler2017Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Sverige har en stark möbelindustri och en stolt tradition av att tillverka tidlösa och högkvalitativa möbler, ofta av naturmaterial. 2016 producerade Sverige möbler för 22,8 miljarder SEK, varav kontorsmöbler stod för nästan en fjärdedel1. Det saknas idag statistik över vad som händer med dessa möbler när de inte längre används, men det står klart att många av dem slängs i förtid när verksamheter flyttar eller när deras behov ändras. Samtidigt syns en tydlig utveckling mot att kunder mer och mer efterfrågar återbrukade eller renoverade möbler som en del i sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Denna utveckling var startpunkten för projektet ”Affärsmodell-innovation för cirkulära möbelflöden”. Affärsmodellinnovation för cirkulära möbelflöden är ett Vinnovafinansierat projekt som under åren 2015-2017 arbetat med att utveckla och testa koncept för cirkulära affärsmodeller för i första hand offentliga möbler. I projektet har tjugo aktörer från hela värdekedjan, från underleverantörer, möbelproducenter, återförsäljare och användare till forskare och branschorgan, samarbetat kring affärsutveckling, kundincitament, produktdesign, logistik, hållbarhets- och certifieringsfrågor. Den här skriften belyser hur nya affärsmodeller för mer cirkulära möbelflöden kan bidra till en mer hållbar utveckling och ger smakprov på slutsatser från projektet. Skriften riktar sig framför allt till producenter och återförsäljare av möbler för offentliga miljöer, men även kunder och inköpare tror vi kan ha stor nytta av skriften. Vi hoppas att den även kan fungera som inspiration för andra industrier och branscher som funderar på en övergång till mer cirkulära affärsekosystem.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 2.
    Baird, John C.
    et al.
    Dartmouth College.
    Berglund, Birgitta
    Institute of Environmental Medicine of Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University.
    Berglund, Ulf
    Stockholm University.
    Lindberg, Siv
    Stockholm University.
    Stimulus Sequence and the Exponent of the Power Function for Loudness1991Inngår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills, ISSN 0031-5125, E-ISSN 1558-688X, Vol. 73, nr 1, s. 3-17Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 3.
    Beland, Marie-Claude
    et al.
    Inst of Optical Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Per-Ake
    Inst of Optical Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Inst of Optical Research, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Optical measurement and perception of gloss quality of printed matte-coated paper1998Inngår i: Proceedings of the International Printing and Graphic Arts Conference, CPPA, Montreal, Canada , 1998, s. 187-191Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A set of 32 commercially produced and printed matte-coated papers were rated for gloss quality by a panel of 13 expert judges and light scattering distributions, gloss, and gloss variation measured. Fitting the light scattering distributions to Von Mises distributions, we obtain a factor, kappa, related to the width of the distribution and sensitive to small changes in surface roughness, which relates very well with the subjective rating. Gloss variation in certain surface spatial wavelength bands also correlates well with the gloss quality rating. The topography of the samples was also measured using confocal microscopy and the relationship between light scattering and paper topography is discussed.

  • 4. Berglund, B
    et al.
    Berglund, U
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Loudness of community noise: Assessment, calibration and calculation1987Inngår i: INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 1987, Vol. 2, s. 1669-1672Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 5. Berglund, B
    et al.
    Berglund, U
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Master scaling of environmental loudness1983Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 6.
    Béland, M. -C
    et al.
    ACREO AB, SE-164 40 Kista, Electrum 236, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    STFI.
    Johansson, P. -A
    STFI.
    Optical measurement and perception of gloss quality of printed matte-coated paper2000Inngår i: Journal of Pulp and Paper Science (JPPS), ISSN 0826-6220, Vol. 26, nr 3, s. 120-123Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A set of 32 commercially produced and printed matte-coated papers were rated for gloss quality by a panel of 13 expert judges and light-scattering distributions, gloss and gloss variation of the prints were measured. Fitting the light-scattering distributions to Von Mises distributions, we obtain a factor, kappa, related to the width of the distribution and sensitive to small changes in surface roughness. This factor relates very well with the subjective rating. Gloss variation in the 3.3 to 6.6 mm wavelength band also correlates well with the gloss quality rating. The topography of the samples was also measured using confocal microscopy and a good correlation was found between the median facet angle and the kappa values.

  • 7.
    Coppel, L. G.
    et al.
    RISE., Innventia.
    Norberg, O.
    RISE., Innventia.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE., Innventia.
    Paper whiteness and its effect on perceived image quality2010Inngår i: 18th Color and Imaging Conference: Color Science and Engineering Systems, Technologies, and Applications, Technical Papers and Proceedings: CIC18, 2010, s. 62-67Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Whiteness is a commercially important characteristic of paper and board, although its perception depends on many factors that often are neglected by instrumental measurements. High whiteness improves the contrast of printed areas and increases the number of reproducible colours, but few quantitative studies have been published. In this paper, we report just-noticeable image quality difference (JND) from pair wise comparisons of images printed on paper substrate of different shades and whiteness. The JND was estimated to approximately 15 CIE whiteness, for the images and whiteness levels in this study, implying that a large substrate whiteness difference is required to get a significant visual impact on image quality. Unlike previous studies limited to colour rendering issues, the influence of the substrate’s shade as a surrounding frame to the images was also investigated here. It was found that the surrounding frame did not have a significant impact on image quality, when the images had an inherent dim background around the objects in the image. However, floating images in which the image objects are adjacent to the unprinted substrate would need further attention, since their perceived image quality seemed to depend both on the colour reproduction related to whiteness and shade, and on the contrast between the image and the substrate.

  • 8.
    Coppel, L. G.
    et al.
    Innventia AB; Mid-Sweden University.
    Norberg, O.
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Innventia AB.
    Paper whiteness and its effect on perceived image quality2010Inngår i: Final Program and Proceedings - IS and T/SID Color Imaging Conference, 2010, s. 62-67Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Whiteness is a commercially important characteristic of paper and board, although its perception depends on many factors that often are neglected by instrumental measurements. High whiteness improves the contrast of printed areas and increases the number of reproducible colours, but few quantitative studies have been published. In this paper, we report just-noticeable image quality difference (JND) from pair wise comparisons of images printed on paper substrate of different shades and whiteness. The JND was estimated to approximately 15 CIE whiteness, for the images and whiteness levels in this study, implying that a large substrate whiteness difference is required to get a significant visual impact on image quality. Unlike previous studies limited to colour rendering issues, the influence of the substrate’s shade as a surrounding frame to the images was also investigated here. It was found that the surrounding frame did not have a significant impact on image quality, when the images had an inherent dim background around the objects in the image. However, floating images in which the image objects are adjacent to the unprinted substrate would need further attention, since their perceived image quality seemed to depend both on the colour reproduction related to whiteness and shade, and on the contrast between the image and the substrate.

  • 9.
    Coppel, Ludovic G.
    et al.
    RISE, STFI-Packforsk.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE, STFI-Packforsk.
    Modelling the effect of simultaneous contrast on perceived whiteness2008Inngår i: 4th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision and 10th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science, 2008, s. 183-188Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The perceived colour from a surface does not only depend on its optical properties and the illumination. Several studies have demonstrated the simultaneous contrast effect that makes the appearance of coloured patches depend on neighbouring colours. In this study the perceived whiteness of white patches surrounded by induction fields of different shades was evaluated by asking observers to give a magnitude estimate of perceived whiteness of the patches in comparison to a white reference. The perceived whiteness of patches with identical tristimulus values was highly dependent on the shade of the induction field and the patch size did not significantly affect the perceived whiteness. The recent CIECAM02-m2 colour appearance model was tested together with two whiteness equations. A combination of ClECAM02-m2 and a non-linear whiteness equation defined in the whole colour space predicted much of the observed simultaneous contrast effect. However, the model performed better for dark induction fields than for light induction fields. The model rated patches surrounded by light blue and light yellow equally, whereas the observers clearly rated the patches with light yellow induction field as whiter than the patches with light blue induction field. A deeper analysis of the CIECAM02-m2 model indicated that the simultaneous contrast model used cannot accurately predict the change in hue for high lightness induction fields. A potential improvement for predicting contrast simultaneous effect would be to base the calculations not only on the difference between the induction field and the background, but on the difference between the patch stimulus and the induction field.

  • 10.
    Coppel, Ludovic Gustafsson
    et al.
    Gjøvik University College, Norway.
    Andersson, Mattias
    Mid Sweden University, Sweden.
    Norberg, Ole
    Mid Sweden University, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE.
    Impact of illumination spectral power distribution on radiance factor of fluorescing materials2013Inngår i: 2013 Colour and Visual Computing Symposium (CVCS), 2013Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The spectral radiance factor and thereby the appearance of fluorescing material is known to depend strongly on the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the illumination in the fluorophore's excitation wavelength band. The present work demonstrates the impact of the SPD in the fluorescence emission band on the total radiance factor. The total radiance factor of a fluorescing paper is measured in three different illuminations. The presence of peaks in the SPD of fluorescent light tubes dramatically decreases the luminescent radiance factor. This effect will impact the appearance of fluorescing media under illuminations with large variation in SPD, which includes recent LED illuminations.

  • 11.
    Coppel, Ludovic
    et al.
    Mittuniversitet.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Rydefalk, S
    Whiteness assessment of paper samples at the vicinity of the upper CIE whiteness limit2007Inngår i: 26th Session of the CIE, 2007, 2007Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 12. Donderi, D C
    et al.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Stockholms universitet.
    Image quality of four digital printing methods compared to offset and flexographic printing2001Inngår i: Advances in color reproduction: Proceedings of the 28th research conference of the international association of research institutes for the printing, information and communication industries survey, GATF , 2001Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 13.
    Granberg, Hjalmar
    et al.
    RISE.
    Béland, Marie-Claude
    RISE.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE.
    Berthold, Fredrik
    RISE.
    Vomhoff, Hannes
    RISE.
    Wickholm, Kristina
    RISE.
    Lindström, Mikael
    RISE.
    It’s a bird! It’s a plane! It’s a super multimaterial!2015Inngår i: Paper Conference and Trade Show (PaperCon 2015), TAPPI Press , 2015, Vol. 1, s. 492-504Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Matching market demands and technological solutions is not always straightforward. In this article, we report on one material, a cellulose-PLA multimaterial, which was made on a full-scale pilot paper machine and adapted to five different market applications having specialized and often conflicting demands. The material can be injection molded, 3D-printed, hot pressed, treated as a textile, used in a laminate, or converted as a paper board, giving it a wide range of possible properties depending on how it is processed.The five application areas presented here were identified as gaps in the marketplace where seemingly conflicting needs were desired: opacity and transparency; compact for transport but having an expanded size during use; stiffness and flexibility; strength and light-weight; and durability and degradability. These properties are exemplified in a number of material and product demonstrators, illustrating how tailored solutions can give products with distinctly different personalities. The material can be made flexible and given movement as graceful as the wing of a bird or be processed to be strong and light-weight enough to be used in vehicles like airplanes. By having one material that is produced on a large scale, but then processed according to specific market demands and expectations, the gap between needing scale and needing scope is bridged.

  • 14.
    Green, P.
    et al.
    Colour Imaging Group, London College of Communication, London, United Kingdom.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Swed. Pulp and Paper Res. Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Methods of quality assessment for large sample sets2004Inngår i: CGIV 2004 - Second European Conference on Color in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision and Sixth International Symposium on Multispectral Color Science, 2004, s. 201-206Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Psychophysical evaluation of large sample sets was studied with reference to the International Newspaper Colour Quality Club Jury Evaluation, in which 150 prints of the same image are assessed by category judgement under 10 different quality attributes. In a series of experiments using sub-sets of the CQC prints, some psychophysical techniques which could affect the reliability and precision of the results were evaluated. It was also possible to gain insights into the relationship between the different psychophysical methods. On the basis of these results a number of modifications to the category judgement task used in the Jury Evaluation are proposed. These include the adoption of an anchor image whose scores on the quality attributes are defined in a preliminary observer task; and a reduction in the number of attributes and judgement categories.

  • 15.
    Hartzén, Ann-Sofie M.
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, Design och formgivning. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden .
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Innventia AB, Sweden .
    The material expression of new pulp-fibre reinforced composites in relation to other material categories2016Inngår i: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Design and Emotion – Celebration & Contemplation / [ed] Desmet, P.M.A., Fokkinga S.F., Ludden, G.D.S., Cila, N., & Van Zuthem, H., Amsterdam: The Design & Emotion Society , 2016, s. 191-200Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    To help bridge the gap between the science lab and commercial production there is a need for a better understanding of how new bio-based materials are perceived by users. The aim of the studies in this paper was to identify the material expression, sensorial properties and semantic dimensions of a group of pulp-fibre reinforced composites that are still in the research phase and how these relate to other, better-known materials already on the market. The studies involved 21 different materials, divided into different material groups such as metals, solid woods, wood fibre materials, plastic and fibre-reinforced composites in which the pulp-fibre reinforced composites were included. The materials were evaluated for meaning in a product semantic study and for sensory perception in a sensorial study. The results of the semantic study gave two underlining dimensions explaining most of the variations between the materials, Quality and Naturalness. These dimensions also had strong correlations to some of the sensorial properties. The results indicate that the pulp-fibre reinforced composites were not perceived as having high quality or expressing naturalness. They were hard to distinguish from the plastics in the study. The implications for further research and material development are discussed.

  • 16. Jakobsson, T.
    et al.
    Bergström, S. S.
    Gustavsson, K. A.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Stockholms universitet.
    Human sensitivity to colour shifts in prints1998Inngår i: Advances in printing science and technology: Proceedings of the 24th Research Conference of the International Association of Research Institutes for the Printing, Information and Communication Industries, Pira International , 1998, s. 115-128Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 17.
    Jensen, Carl
    et al.
    RISE.
    Edo, Mar
    RISE.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE.
    Lindström, Annika
    RISE.
    Hinder och möjligheter för att öka källsortering av plastavfall från tillverkningsindustrin2020Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The consumption of plastics and the management of the generated amounts of plastic waste are two issues that have been some of the most prominent in the environmental debate in recent years. Today, large quantities of plastic waste from the Swedish manufacturing industry is generated that are not sorted for recycling but end up in combustible residual waste going to energy recovery, which means a significant waste of resources. Although large quantities of plastic waste originate from the manufacturing industry, the vast majority of initiatives related to a more resource-efficient management of plastic waste have focused on the plastic waste generated related to consumption. Relatively little focus has been on the primary plastic waste generated from the manufacturing industry. The purpose of this project has been to contribute to increase the source sorting and recycling of plastic waste from the Swedish manufacturing industry. The goals were to identify and evaluate significant barriers faced by the Swedish manufacturing industry to increase the sorting of plastic in Sweden and to propose how the sorting of the plastic waste can increase. The project and its results were based on a survey answered by manufacturing companies, which was supplemented by interviews with waste and recycling actors. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 18. Johansson, P-Å
    et al.
    Lundby, H
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Stockholms universitet.
    Nyström, S
    Optical homogeneity of traditional and digital prints1999Inngår i: Advances in paper and board performance: Proceedings of the 26th research conference of the international association of research institutes fot the pringing, information and communication industries surrey, Pira International Ltd , 1999, s. 137-149Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 19. Johnson, O.
    et al.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE.
    Roos, A.
    Hugosson, M.
    Lindström, Mikael
    Consumer perceptions and preferences on solid wood, wood-based panels, and composites: A repertory grid study2008Inngår i: Wood and Fiber Science, ISSN 0735-6161, Vol. 40, nr 4, s. 663-678Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Knowledge about consumer perception and preferences on solid wood, wood-based panels, and wood-based composites is important for product development and marketing. The aim of this study was to identify attributes and associations that people use to describe different types of wood materials and to explore how they relate to preferences. The study involved nine samples that were evaluated with the Kelly’s repertory grid technique and content analysis. Based on respondents’ answers, 19 core categories reflecting sample attributes were extracted. General preferences for each sample were also recorded. Principal component analysis generated two factors describing 1) naturalness, wood-likeness, softness, unprocessed origin, living, pleasant, and high value; and 2) solid and homogeneous impression. A third, preliminary factor included categories describing irregular pattern, sleekness, and smoothness. The wood samples were most liked, whereas composites and panels were not appreciated. Preferred core categories were naturalness, wood-likeness, smoothness, living impression, and value. The least liked core categories were processed, hard, and high weight. The implications of the results for product development and marketing are discussed. © 2008 by the Society of Wood Science and Technology.

  • 20.
    Kihlstedt, Annika
    et al.
    RISE.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE.
    Lindström, Annika
    RISE.
    Pousette, Sandra
    RISE.
    Material identity in a packaging context2014Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Package design includes a number of considerations ranging from protecting the content to conveying the brand image. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding on how Swedish consumes perceive product packaging attributes, with a special emphasis on in which way packaging material (carton, paper plastic), and structural design (folding carton, paper bag, standing pouch and plastic bag), have an emotional impact on consumers' evaluation of the product and packaging. Assessing the appearance and effectiveness of a packaging system is often confounded by branding, why it is important to separate the brand influence from the attributes of the packaging system. Thus, in the experimental part, packaging prototypes of different structural design and materials were manufactured in order to present commercial cereal brands in different types of packaging. The research involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, comprising (i) focus groups on cereal (muesli) packaging; (ii) a mock-up study of four muesli packaging types: transparent plastic bag, carton box, paper bag, and a resalable stand-up plastic pouch; and (iii) a questionnaire on environmental attitudes to packaging materials. Fourteen respondents participated in the focus groups and 20 in the mock-up study. Result show that the paper bag and the carton box were perceived to be the most environmentally friendly packaging material. Heavy ink usage on paper bags and carton boxes can however raise concern regarding the environmental impact. Introducing functionality and good print quality can cause preferences to divert to an alternative packaging material. In the mock-up study the standing pouch was the most liked package type regardless of brands. Functional reasons (protect, re-closable etc.) and appearance reasons (nice print, nice colours) was claimed for giving this package high ratings.

  • 21. Kuwano, S
    et al.
    Namba, S
    Berglund, B
    Berglund, U
    Lindberg, Siv M
    On the definition of loudness, noisiness, and annoyance using selected description method1988Inngår i: Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Noise as a Public Health Problem, 1988, Vol. 3, s. 223-228Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 22.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Stockholms universitet.
    Perceptual determinants of print quality2004Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 23.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    National Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of Psychology, University of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Backteman, Olle
    AB Backteman Acoustics, Linvagen 24, S-17800 Ekero, Sweden.
    Loudness of Impulse and Community Noises1988Inngår i: Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control, ISSN 1461-3484, Vol. 7, nr 3, s. 98-103Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 24.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    RISE.
    Béland, Marie-Claude
    RISE.
    Edström, Karin
    RISE.
    Granberg, Hjalmar
    RISE.
    Berthold, Fredrik
    RISE.
    Towards a cellulose-based society: Demonstrating the feasibility of new bio-based material concepts and products2016Inngår i: Proceedings - D and E 2016: 10th International Conference on Design and Emotion - Celebration and Contemplation, 2016, s. 411-419Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In moving towards a cellulose-based society, interdisciplinary effort is required as it is at this interface that new ideas are found and can grow. New bio-based materials will play a key role but getting them into the marketplace is not always straightforward. Many options are available both for sourcing and for producing composite materials from wood-based cellulose and poly-lactic acid (PLA). Depending on how the material is processed, a multitude of properties can be generated. The main goal with this work was to attempt to reduce the research-To-market gap. This was done by testing a new way of working together where we bundled innovation-oriented projects and research-oriented projects around the theme of material experience. We then systematically worked with material demonstrators. In this article, we exemplify the results by focusing on one research-oriented project that did not at the outset have a market context and on one innovation-oriented project with clear market requirements. In addition to introducing a new concept in bundling research-oriented and innovation-oriented projects, this paper contributes several practical examples of what material demonstrators can do. We also present an application and analysis of Moultrie’s extended Science-Technology-Application-Market (STAM) model to analyze the material demonstrators and design phases of the bundled projects. We modified the proposed classification with different types of material demonstrators according to how close they are to an actual product segment. Designers and scientists worked together but with different emphasis in each phase.

  • 25.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet.
    Béland, M-C
    Effect of sample orientation on perceived quality of print gloss2004Manuskript (preprint) (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 26.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    RISE.
    Edström, Karin
    RISE.
    Tholander, Hanna
    NINE, Sweden.
    Grari, Mirjam
    NINE, Sweden.
    Aktivt åldrande - individuellt anpassade måltidslösningar för hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre: Förpackningskoncept2017Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Användardriven förpackningsdesign har varit fokus i arbetspaket 4. Detta har bland annat inneburit enkätstudier med över 90 seniorer i samarbete med PRO, etnografiska studier i hemmamiljö samt hanteringsstudier och fokusgrupper där förpackningar har testats och utvärderas. Konceptutvecklingen har således skett iterativt med slutanvändare och förfinats med hjälp av vunna konsumentinsikter. Även lärdommar från litteraturen och nyutgiven standard för lättöppnade förpackningar har legat till grund för arbetet. En ledstjärna har varit att måltiden är en social aktivitet som delas med andra, förpackningen och dess innehåll bör tilltala alla 5 sinnen och locka till aptit. Projektet har därför fokuserat både på funktionalitet och upplevelsen av måltiden. Viktiga insikter som tagits hänsyn till är förpackningens hanterbarhet, i synnerhet öppningsaspekten som påverkas av såväl den äldres handstyrka och fingerfärdighet samt storlek och utformning på förpackningens greppyta. Förpackningen bör vidare intuitivt förklara hur den ska användas (öppnas, värmas etc), och information bör ges med så lite text som möjligt. Genomtänkt textstorlek och kontrast är viktigt för att den äldre ska kunna ta till sig informationen på förpackningen.Insikterna från studierna har implementerats i förpackningskoncept för huvudmål, dessert och mellanmål I samarbete med arbetspaket 5 har förpackningarna modulanpassats efter gastronormsystemet för att möjliggöra skalbarhet och därmed optimal effektivitet i distributionskedjan.

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  • 27.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute.
    Fahlcrantz, Carl-Magnus
    STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute.
    Perceptual assessment of simulated print noise with random and periodic structure2005Inngår i: Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, ISSN 1047-3203, E-ISSN 1095-9076, Vol. 16, nr 3, s. 271-287Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Lightness variation in a supposedly uniform printed surface is referred to as "print mottle." This phenomenon is one of the most detrimental to overall print quality. A fundamental problem in the evaluation of human sensitivity to a print quality variable such as mottle is the difficulty in controlling external variables, such as variations in color or in average print density, that arise in the printing process. These variables can influence the rating of quality. To analyze the impact of a systematic mottle pattern compared to that of the common case of a random pattern, a digital simulation technique was used to create gray test samples with various amounts of stochastic and systematic noise of different characters. The samples were printed using a high quality inkjet printer and evaluated by a panel of judges. Two different evaluation methods were used. Observers rated dissimilarity and preference in a pairwise comparison task, and also by positioning samples in the horizontal and vertical directions of a digitizing tablet. The results show that individuals rate the samples in a very consistent way and that systematic noise is perceived to be more annoying than random noise of a similar physical magnitude. Furthermore, the consistency between the two different evaluation methods is very good, which suggests that two-dimensional scaling on a digitizing tablet is a viable method for grouping samples in a plane. The results also show that digital simulation of print artifacts is a powerful tool for creating samples with controlled disturbances. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • 28.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    RISE.
    Fahlcrantz, Carl-Magnus
    RISE.
    Forsgren, Gunnar
    Iggesund Paper Board.
    Making subjective assessments objective: A mottle ruler for calibration of panel assessments of perceived print mottle2008Inngår i: TAPPI Press - Paper Conference and Trade Show, PaperCon '08, 2008, Vol. 4, s. 2086-2124Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective was to establish principles and procedures for: a) digital simulation and output of reference samples for perceived print mottle assessment, b) calibration of subjective assessments to a common unit of measurement. We decided to calibrate our scales using the just-noticeable difference (jnd) as the unit of subjective measurement and adapt a ruler system for the assessment of perceived print mottle as suggested by Keelan [1]. Jnd used in this context means the smallest difference in mottle required for 50 % of a test panel to genuinely detect a difference. Reference samples were designed in Matlab by adding a stochastic noise to a homogeneous gray (33 % reflectance) and a cyan image, that, when printed would have the resemblance of print mottle typically seen in offset printing. Digital images were converted to CMYK images, rasterized using a Best Color Rip, and printed on Epson Archival Matte paper on an Epson Stylus Photo 2100 ink-jet printer. The resulting prints were evaluated for the magnitudes of perceived visual mottle as well as for the just-noticeable differences, jnds, using panels of assessors. The prints were also evaluated for instrumental mottle using STFI-Packforsk’s image analysis based STFI-mottle software. Two mottle rulers were assembled. A mottle ruler is a set of 5 cm ח5 cm reference samples, varying widely in magnitudes of reflectance variation resembling real print mottle. Rulers were constructed for simulated K40 % (gray) and cyan 100 % (cyan) samples. The rulers are arranged with approximate twelve reference samples separated by intervals of three jnds each. A Round Robin evaluation of visually perceived print mottle was performed. Two rulers, cyan and gray, together with test samples to be evaluated against the rulers, were sent out to four participating companies. The test sets consisted of eight commercially produced samples (printed paper and board) and twelve simulated samples varying not only in the magnitude of mottle but also in character (e.g. coarseness and the orientation of the simulated noise). The purpose of using test samples with appearances that differed from the reference samples was to test the performance of the approach. The mottle rulers were also applied at Iggesund Paperboard during a test period of eight months in which more than 300 printed samples were assessed against the rulers. Round robin results showed good agreement between participating paper companies. The average standard deviations of the ratings against the rulers were ˜2.5 jnd units for the gray samples and ˜3.5 jnd units for the cyan samples. Some difficulties with the assessment technique were observed for the simulated samples, due to some samples having a very different visual character in terms of uncovered areas or noise that had a distinct orientation e.g. banding. Results from the testing period at Iggesund show less variability; average standard deviation for cyan 1.61 jnd and for gray 2.3 jnd. Overall, the calibration approach developed works very well, with the results showing a low variability of the ratings and a very good agreement between the different test panels, as well as a reasonably good correspondence between ratings of commercially produced samples and mottle measurements.

  • 29.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Green, P.
    Methods of quality assessment for large sample sets2005Inngår i: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, ISSN 1062-3701, E-ISSN 1943-3522, Vol. 49, nr 4, s. 442-449Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Psychophysical evaluation of large sample sets was studied with reference to the bi-annual International Newspaper Color Quality Club (INCQC) Jury Evaluations, in which approximately 150-170 prints of the same image are assessed by category judgment under 10 different quality criteria by a panel of expert observers. Data from three consecutive events was analyzed. Between the 2002 and 2004 INCQC events, a series of experiments were performed using sub-sets of the CQC prints, in order to evaluate some psychophysical techniques that could affect the reliability and precision of the results. The results of these experiments led to a number of proposed modifications to the category judgement task used in the Jury Evaluation. These included a reduction in the number of attributes and judgement categories, and the adoption of an anchor image. These proposed modifications were adopted in the 2004 Jury Evaluation, and the results show an improvement in the intra-observer repeatability of judgements, but there was no significant change in inter-observer variation. 

  • 30.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    RISE., Innventia.
    Hansen, Peeter
    RISE., Innventia.
    Drotz, Mattias
    RISE., Innventia.
    Kihlstedt, Annika
    RISE., Innventia.
    Rosén, Fredrik
    RISE., Innventia.
    Tactile and instrumental characterization of tissue products2015Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The feeling of softness and smoothness of paper tissue products is an important performance factor in the market place. In a series of panel tests, the relationship between instrumental measurements and perceived softness and smoothness was investigated. Samples of tissue base paper – napkin and toilet paper – were evaluated for surface roughness. The samples were placed on a hard, smooth glass substrate and the respondents used one finger to stroke along the sample surface. Instrumental measurement and characterization were performed using differentinstruments: Emtec TSA and Lena Softness Tester. The results divide the base paper material into product groups, but general mathematical relationships could be found between the test panel and the measurements when normalized in different ways. Measurements using the Lena produced the best correlation with the panel ratings because its principle resembled the method of the test panel most closely. However, a general relationship usingmaterial properties was shown to produce as good an estimator for the surface roughness as the results obtained with the Lena. This relationship consisted of the ratio between the plasticity and the elasticity of the tissue paper (in-plane properties), normalized for thickness. This suggests that those three material properties are fundamental to the perception of surface roughness as evaluated in this study. Using a trained haptic panel to evaluate test samples of similar grammage with variations in furnish and machine operation settings generated a good correlation to the TSA measurement (r=0.9). The panel was more susceptible to variation in furnish than variation in peak pressure, and this was particularly evident for samples evaluated on the Yankee side.

  • 31.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    RISE.
    Hartzen, Ann-Sofie
    Wodke, Thomas
    Lindström, Mikael
    RISE.
    Hierarchic design and material identity2013Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 32.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    RISE.
    Lindström, Annika
    RISE.
    Cederström, Caroline
    RISE.
    From, Anders
    Westerlind, Christine
    RISE.
    Shoppers' attention to packaging and in-store media2013Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 33.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    Innventia.
    Roos, Anders
    SLU.
    Kihlstedt, Annika
    Innventia.
    A product semantic study of the influence of the sense of vision on the evaluation of wood2021Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 34.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    et al.
    Innventia.
    Roos, Anders
    SLU.
    Kihlstedt, Annika
    Innventia.
    Lindström, Mikael
    Innventia.
    A product semantic study of the influence of the sense of touch on the evaluation of wood-based materials2013Inngår i: Materials & design, ISSN 0264-1275, E-ISSN 1873-4197, Vol. 52, s. 300-307Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Based on product semantics, this study investigated how the tactile attributes of wood and wood-based composites are perceived and interpreted semantically. The wood-based samples included ash, birch, elm, oak, pine, OSB (oriented strand board), two wood pulp-reinforced polylactide composites, Comp A and B and one wood-fiber reinforced polypropene composite, Comp C. The subjects rated the samples by the descriptive words natural, exclusive, eco-. friendly, rough, inexpensive, reliable, warm, modern, snug and solid. The most significant differences between the samples were found for roughness and for the descriptors, reliable, natural and solid. A principal component analysis yielded three attributes based on the tactile perceptions: reliable, old-. fashioned and smooth. The solid wood pieces were perceived as natural and oak was perceived as being exclusive. The composite materials presented a greater variation in terms of perceived attributes than the wood specimens.

  • 35.
    Norberg, O.
    et al.
    DPC, Mid Sweden University, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
    Westin, P.
    Framkom, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    STFI, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Klaman, M.
    Framkom, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Eidenvall, L.
    DPC, Mid Sweden University, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden.
    A Comparison of Print Quality between Digital and Traditional Technologies2001Inngår i: IS and T's International Conference on Digital Production Printing and Industrial Applications, 2001, s. 380-385Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The digital print technologies are advancing both in quality and market share. Today, the print quality of digital printed material has improved and is considered to bee good enough for most purposes. However, the great advantages of digital printing are short runs and variable data printing. In this investigation the print quality of different digital printing technologies, today present on the market, are compared with the quality of traditional technologies such as offset and flexography. A wide range of digital presses, from large production presses to smaller devices for office use, was tested. The substrates used, were all chosen to fit the specific printing technology. The print quality was evaluated by subjective evaluation as well as by technical measurements. To make the comparison of prints from different presses meaningful, color management has been an essential part of the process. An ICC-profile was created for each combination of substrate and press. The results indicate that the offset print quality on fully coated paper is still ahead of what is possible to achieve with digital printing techniques today. This study shows that disturbance, like mottling and gloss variation, are the main shortcomings of the digital printing technologies. Another result, shown in this study, is the fact that digital printing is less sensitive to type of substrate.

  • 36.
    Roos, Anders
    et al.
    SLU.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    Innventia AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Kihlstedt, Annika
    SLU.
    A product semantic study of the influence of vision on wood evaluation2013Inngår i: Wood and Fiber Science, ISSN 0735-6161, Vol. 45, nr 4, s. 353-362Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Using product semantics, this study investigated how visual attributes of wood are perceived and interpreted semantically. The wood species alder, ash, aspen, beech, birch, elm, larch, lime, maple, oak, pine, and spruce were included. The subjects rated the samples based on the descriptive words natural, exclusive, ecofriendly, rough, inexpensive, modern, reliable, warm, cozy, solid, and light. The most significant differences in ratings were between softwoods and hardwoods. Principal component analysis yielded three dimensions based on visual perceptions: exclusive-modern, ecofriendly-natural, and light. Maple and ash and other hardwoods were seen as more exclusive and modern than spruce and pine. Pine, conversely, was perceived as the most ecofriendly-natural wood type. Beech and alder did not score high (or low) on any of the three dimensions, meaning that these gave a neutral impression. The potential use of these results in product design and interior design is discussed. 

  • 37.
    Stenfelt, C.
    et al.
    Livio Gärdet, Storängsvägen 10, SE 115 42 Stockholm.
    Ydenius, L.
    Livio Gärdet, Storängsvägen 10, SE 115 42 Stockholm.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE.
    Spira, J.
    InSpira Medical AB, Tyresö.
    Edelstam, G.
    Danderyd Hospital; Uppsala Univeristy.
    Effects of the colour and design of a new pelvic examination chair on comfort during gynaecological examination2020Inngår i: Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, ISSN 0390-6663, Vol. 47, nr 4, s. 556-559Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The main question was whether the colour of a new design of pelvic examination chair could affect how the examination procedure was perceived. A prototype was constructed without vertical leg support and with built-in heating in the upholstery. To improve integrity, the perineum was exposed only during the examination. Main Outcome Measures: The patients were invited to evaluate the two different chair colours used, light blue and off-white, respectively. After vaginal ultrasound, the patients answered an anonymous questionnaire about their experience of the examination and how they perceived the comfort, warmth, integrity and colour of the chair. There were also questions regarding the absence of vertical leg support. Results: The questionnaire evaluation demonstrated the importance of colour since integrity was rated significantly higher in the light-blue chair than in the off-white. Similarly, the blue chair was experienced as significantly more comfortable than the white. Conclusions: The effect of colour was investigated in a new pelvic examination chair without vertical leg support, developed to suit men, women and also non-binary and transgender persons. It was also designed for increased comfort and integrity. The experience of colour had a significant positive (p < 0.001) effect on how the comfort, integrity and the absence of vertical leg support were perceived.

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