Title: Companies needs of the audit, after the abolition of the statutory audit for smaller companies in Sweden.

Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration

Authors: Jonas Lööw-Ohlson & Malin Vestlund

Supervisor: Markku PenttinenDate: 2013-02-20

Aim: The purpose of this work is to investigate how the abolishment of the statutory audit affected the different actors involved in this change, and that on this basis identify the factors that control the need and choice of voluntary audit for small companies in Sweden.

Method: This study has a deductive, qualitative approach, as the gathering of empirical data is based on the set framework.

Results and Conclusions: Benefits for companies to choose voluntary audit is primarily that the audit is considered to bring reliability to the accounts and it provides a quality stamp for the company in its dealings with external stakeholders. The companies need for audit depends on the demands and expectations placed on their accounts from different stakeholders and how well the audit helps them to meet these requirements. The decisive factor is if the companies feel that the benefits they get from choosing voluntary audit outweigh the cost. Many of the concerns and aspirations that the various stakeholders had prior to the abolishment of the statutory audit has actually become a reality. However it is still too early to see what impact the abolishment will have on taxes and financial crime, but it does not seem like it will have as big of an effect as they thought it would have, if any at all. It has also been shown that neither interest rates nor loan terms have been affected as much as some of the stakeholders expected, as that had happened in other countries. Banks focus more on the current situation of the companies and the only thing that it could affect is that it may take longer for the companies to get loans and credits approved if not good enough documentation needed for assessment is available. The abolishment has led to that the market for audit and accounting firms has changed. There were different views on what kind of firms would be the biggest losers of this change. What emerges is that neither accounting firms nor larger audit firms are affected very much. Accounting firms may notice some more competition as audit firms now offer accounting services to a greater extent than before. Audit services are replaced by accounting services. Collaborations between different stakeholders and a development of regulatory framework in order to ensure the quality of the accounts and income tax returns has been started after the abolishment. All participants in the survey are in favor of raising the limit to the EU level.

Suggestions for future research: It would be interesting to see a similar study a little further ahead in time with more statistical data. For example at five and ten years after the change. It would also be interesting to have a comparison of the companies that choose not to have an auditor. How many of the companies that hires an accounting firm for help and how many that handles the bookkeeping themselves. Are there differences here between and within different industries? It would also be interesting to see a larger quantitative survey among the companies in Sweden, regarding the factors that led to the choice of keeping the audit or removing it, like the survey made by Collis in England. It might be interesting to see how significant the impact factors identified have been for the companies and if there are other factors that have made a difference and been more decisive. For example, direct claims by creditors, perceived benefits etc.

Contribution of the thesis: This paper contributes to a better understanding of how the abolishment of the statutory audit affected the different actors and what they think of a future increase of the limits to EU level. It identifies the factors driving the companies need for audit. It also shows the adjustments that have occurred and still occurs in both approaches and practices, of the actors involved, in an effort to help companies meet statutory quality requirements on the annual accounts and tax returns.

Keywords: Statutory Audit, mandatory, voluntary, audit, accounting, abolishment