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  • 1.
    Amin, Shoaib
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Landin, Per
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, Signal Processing Lab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
    Noise Impact on the Identification of Digital Predistorter Parameters in the Indirect Learning Architecture2012Ingår i: 2012 Swedish Communication Technologies Workshop (Swe-CTW), IEEE conference proceedings, 2012, s. 36-39Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The indirect learning architecture (ILA) is the mostused methodology for the identification of Digital Pre-distorter (DPD) functions for nonlinear systems, particularly for high power amplifiers. The ILA principle works in black box modeling relying on the inversion of input and output signals of the nonlinear system, such that the inverse is estimated. This paper presents the impact of disturbances, such as noise in the DPD identification. Experiments were performed with a state-of-art Doherty power amplifier intended for base station operation in current telecommunication wireless networks. As expected, a degradation in the performance of the DPD (measured innormalized mean square error (NMSE)) is found in our experiments. However, adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) can be a misleading figure of merit showing improvement in the performance for wrongly estimated DPD functions.

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  • 2.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    A synthetic vector network analyzing measurement system2011Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, ISSN 0018-9456, E-ISSN 1557-9662, Vol. 60, nr 6, s. 2154-2161Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper a synthetic vector network analyzing measurement system is presented. The system is based on a hardware set-up, including a signal generator and a vector signal analyzer, with the vector network analyzing functionality implemented in the software. The measurements of the proposed system demonstrated comparable performance in terms of accuracy and speed compared with a modern traditional vector network analyzer, but it is more flexible due to its inherent software implementation. The proposed system’s ability to measure nonlinear phenomena is addressed and discussed, and some preliminary results are given.

  • 3.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Royal Institute of Technology, KTH.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Universidad Católica San Pablo.
    Händel, Peter
    Royal Institute of Technology (KTH).
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Digital Predistortion for Joint Mitigation of I/Q Imbalance and MIMO Power Amplifier Distortion2017Ingår i: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, ISSN 0018-9480, E-ISSN 1557-9670, Vol. 65, nr 1, s. 322-333, artikel-id 7600411Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyzes the joint effects of in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) imbalance and power amplifier (PA) distortion for RF multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmitters in the presence of crosstalk. This paper proposes candidate models for the digital predistortion of static I/Q imbalanced sources exciting a dynamic MIMO Volterra system. The proposed models are enhanced using a novel technique based on subsample resolution to account for dynamic I/Q imbalance distortions. Finally, the computational complexity of the proposed models is analyzed for implementation suitability in digital platforms. It is shown that the error spectrum for the proposed models in subsample resolution reaches the noise floor of the measurements. The proposed models achieve a normalized mean squared error of -50 dB and an adjacent channel power ratio of -57 dB for signal bandwidths upto 65 MHz and crosstalk levels ranging to -10 dB. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques in the joint mitigation of I/Q imbalance and PA distortion with crosstalk for a typical 2x2 MIMO telecommunication setup.

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  • 4.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Universidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru.
    Händel, Peter
    Department of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Extraction of the Third-Order 3x3 MIMO Volterra Kernel Outputs Using Multitone Signals2018Ingår i: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, ISSN 0018-9480, E-ISSN 1557-9670, Vol. 66, nr 11, s. 4985-4999Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper uses multitone signals to simplify the analysis of 3×3 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Volterra systems by isolating the third-order kernel outputs from each other. Multitone signals fed to an MIMO Volterra system yield a spectrum that is a permutation of the sums of the input signal tones. This a priori knowledge is used to design multitone signals such that the third-order kernel outputs are isolated in the frequency domain. The signals are designed by deriving the conditions for the offset and spacing of the input frequency grids. The proposed technique is then validated for the six possible configurations of a 3x3 RF MIMO transmitter impaired by crosstalk effects. The proposed multitone signal design is used to extract the third-order kernel outputs, and their relative contributions are analyzed to determine the dominant crosstalk effects for each configuration.

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  • 5.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Universidad Católica San Pablo.
    Händel, Peter
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. University of Gävle.
    Identification of Third Order 3x3 MIMO Volterra Kernels using Multitone Excitation SignalsManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 6.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Universidad Catolica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru.
    Händel, Peter
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Multitone design for third order MIMO volterra kernels2017Ingår i: 2017 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS), IEEE conference proceedings, 2017, s. 1553-1556Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper proposes a technique for designing multitone signals that can separate the third order multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Volterra kernels. Multitone signals fed to a MIMO Volterra system yield a spectrum that is a permutation of the sums of the input signal tones. This a priori knowledge is used to design multitone signals such that the output from the MIMO Volterra kernels does not overlap in the frequency domain, hence making it possible to separate these kernels from the output of the MIMO Volterra system. The proposed technique is applied to a 2×2 RF MIMO transmitter to determine its dominant hardware impairments. For input crosstalk, the proposed method reveals the dominant self and cross kernels whereas for output crosstalk, the proposed method reveals that only the self kernels are dominant.

  • 7.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Händel, Peter
    Department of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Study of the Power Amplifier transfer function symmetry and its relation to dynamic effects2015Ingår i: 2015 IEEE 16th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference (WAMICON), IEEE conference proceedings, 2015, s. 1-6Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Future wireless networks will employ unprecedentedly high number of transmitters along-with larger bandwidth signals. Therefore, complexity efficient Power Amplifier (PA) modelling methods with the ability to quantify memory effects are required. This paper presents a low complexity method to quantify memory effects by studying the symmetry in the PA transfer functions estimated with the density estimation method. It is shown that the symmetry helps in reducing the method complexity by more than two orders of magnitude. Further, it is verified that the symmetry can be used as a non-model based metric for quantifying memory effects in PAs. 

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  • 8.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    KTH.
    Density estimation models for strong nonlinearities in RF power amplifiers2014Ingår i: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2014, 2014, s. 116-118Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper presents a method for modeling strongnonlinear effects in power amplifiers based on the principlesof density estimation. The static nonlinear transfer function isobtained by averaging measured data. The performance obtainedwith density estimation is similar to the one using high ordernonlinear static polynomial models. The benefit of consideredmethod over the ones using polynomial models is that the formerestimates blindly the structure of the transfer function and doesnot suffer from numerical instabilities.

  • 9.
    Piazza, Roberto
    et al.
    University of Luxembourg.
    Shankar, Bhavani
    University of Luxembourg.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Grotz, Joel
    Senior System engineer SES.
    Zimmer, Frank
    SES, Betzdorf, Luxemburg.
    Grässlin, Michael
    Steinbeis Transfer Centre for Space, Gäufelden, Germany.
    Heckman, Fredrik
    Cioni, Stefano
    ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
    Multicarrier digital pre-distortion/ equalization techniques for non-linear satellite channels2012Ingår i: 30th AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC), 2012Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Two key advances are envisaged for future missions: (a) spectrally efficient transmission to meet the increasing demand and (b) sharing of satellite capacity among different links to meet power/massrequirements.Joint amplification of multiple-carrier DVB-S2 signals using a single High-Power Amplifier (HPA) is a particular application of satellite resource sharing. However, effects specific tosuch a scenariothat degrade power and spectral efficiencies include (a) an increased Adjacent Channel Interference caused by non-linear characteristic ofthe HPA and (b)increased peak to average power ratio. The paper studies signal processing techniques –digital pre-distortion (DPD) at the gateway and equalization (EQ) at the User Terminal–to mitigate the non-linear effects and improve power as well as spectral efficiencies.While the algorithms for DPD and EQ are described in literature, their use in multi-carrier scenario is novel and poses new challenges that are investigated in the paper.

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  • 10.
    Piazza, Roberto
    et al.
    University of Luxembourg.
    Shankar, Bhavani
    University of Luxembourg.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Liolis, Konstantinos
    SES, TechCom, Beltzdorf, Luxembourg.
    Zimmer, Frank
    SES, TechCom, Beltzdorf, Luxembourg.
    Grässlin, Michael
    Steinbeis Transfer Centre for Space, Gäufelden, Germany.
    Berheide, Tomas
    Steinbeis Transfer Centre for Space, Gäufelden, Germany.
    Cioni, Stefano
    ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk, Netherlands.
    Sensitivity Analysis of Multicarrier Digital Pre-distortion/ Equalization Techniques for Non-linear Satellite Channels2013Ingår i: 31st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference, 2013Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 11.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Amin, Shoaib
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Alizadeh, Mahmoud
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Phase noise coherence of two continuous wave radio frequency signals of different frequency2017Ingår i: IET Science, Measurement & Technology, ISSN 1751-8822, E-ISSN 1751-8830, Vol. 11, nr 1, s. 77-85Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A method is proposed for determining the correlated and uncorrelated parts of phase noise spectra (PNS) of two continuous wave radio signals of different frequencies, ω1 and ω2. The PNS of the two signals and of mixed signals are measured. The PNS are modelled as having a correlated part that is the same for both signals, except for a multiplicative factor, and uncorrelated parts, that are different for the two signals. A property of the model that the PNS of some mixing products are linear combinations of the PNS of the signals at ω1, ω2, and ω1 − ω2 is experimentally verified. The difference of the PNS at ω1 + ω2 and ω1 − ω2 is proportional to the correlated part of the PNS and is a part of auxiliary functions that are used for finding the multiplicative factor and the correlated, partly correlated, and uncorrelated phase noise at different offset frequencies. A conventional spectrum analyser was used to characterise two signal generators, a phase-coherent and a non-phase-coherent one. For the phase-coherent generator the phase noise of two signals was found to be correlated for offset frequencies below 10 Hz, partly correlated for 10 Hz–1 kHz and uncorrelated above 1 kHz.

  • 12.
    Yang, Tingxiao
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Royal Institute of Technology, KTH. Signal Processing Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Björsell, Niclas
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Measurement imperfections impact on the performance of digitally predistorted power amplifiers2014Ingår i: 2014 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings, 2014, s. 230-233Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an study of the impact of analog to digital converter (ADC) impairments on digital pre-distortion (DPD) techniques when applied to RF power amplifiers (PA). The DPD technique is described by a memory polynomial model while the ADC impairments are modeled by quantization noise, random jitter, and the integral nonlinearity (INL); thus, summarizing systematic and random nature of ADC imperfect measurements. It is observed that increased jitter will have a negative impact on the modeling but not so much on the output performance from the pre-distorted PA. Moreover, the ENOB can be used as metric for both the quantization noise and integral nonlinearity and there is a value of ENOB which, if exceeded, do not improve the DPD performance; in this paper it is about 8 bits.

  • 13.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Signalbehandling.
    Digital Compensation Techniques for Transmitters in Wireless Communications Networks2015Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Since they appeared, wireless technologies have deeply transformed our society. Today, wireless internet access and other wireless applications demandincreasingly more traffic. However, the continuous traffic increase can be unbearableand requires rethinking and redesigning the wireless technologies inmany different aspects. Aiming to respond to the increasing needs of wirelesstraffic, we are witnessing a rapidly evolving wireless technology scenario.This thesis addresses various aspects of the transmitters used in wireless communications.Transmitters present several hardware (HW) impairments thatcreate distortions, polluting the radio spectrum and decreasing the achievabletraffic in the network. Digital platforms are now flexible, robust and cheapenough to enable compensation of HW impairments at the digital base-bandsignal. This has been coined as ’dirty radio’. Dirty radio is expected in future transmitters where HW impairments may arise to reduce transmitter cost or to enhance power efficiency. This thesis covers the software (SW) compensation schemes of dirty radio developed for wireless transmitters. As describedin the thesis, these schemes can be further enhanced with knowledge of thespecific signal transmission or scenarios, e.g., developing cognitive digital compensationschemes. This can be valuable in today’s rapidly evolving scenarioswhere multiple signals may co-exist, sharing the resources at the same radiofrequency (RF) front-end. In the first part, this thesis focuses on the instrumentation challenges andHWimpairments encountered at the transmitter. A synthetic instrument (SI)that performs network analysis is designed to suit the instrumentation needs.Furthermore, how to perform nonlinear network analysis using the developedinstrument is discussed. Two transmitter HW impairments are studied: themeasurement noise and the load impedance mismatch at the transmitter, asis their coupling with the state-of-the-art digital compensation techniques.These two studied impairments are inherent to measurement systems and areexpected in future wireless transmitters. In the second part, the thesis surveys the area of behavioral modeling and digital compensation techniques for wireless transmitters. Emphasis is placed on low computational complexity techniques. The low complexity is motivated by a predicted increase in the number of transmitters deployed in the network, from base stations (BS), access points and hand-held devices. A modeling methodology is developed that allows modeling transmitters to achieve both reduced computational complexity and low modeling error. Finally, the thesis discusses the emerging architectures of multi-channel transmittersand describes their digital compensation techniques. It revises the MIMOVolterra series formulation to address the general modeling problem anddrafts possible solutions to tackle its dimensionality. In the framework of multi-channel transmitters, a technique to compensate nonlinear multi-carrier satellite transponders is presented. This technique is cognitive because it uses the frequency link planning and the pulse-shaping filters of the individual carriers. This technique shows enhanced compensation ability at reduced computational complexity compared to the state-of-the-art techniques and enables the efficient operation of satellite transponders.

  • 14.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Institutionen för teknik och byggd miljö, Ämnesavdelningen för elektronik.
    MEASUREMENTS OF SCATTERING PARAMETERSUSING A TIME DOMAIN TEST SETUP2008Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 30 poäng / 45 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    From its beginning, scattering parameters are one of the most important milestones in radio frequency analysis and device characterization, even though some other instruments are capable of performing such measurements, the task has been almost entirely left to Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).

    The purpose of this work is to emulate VNA functionality for forward measurements (S11 and S21), being able to expand its actual capabilities, using a time domain setup with equipment already available in radio stations, where a personal computer will act as a main processor and interface to the user.

    Hardware setup proposed in this investigation is explained in detail, analyzing its advantages and drawbacks; this as well as software methodology in order to mimic VNA functionality, including error vector correction provided by a suitable calibration procedure.

    Results were compared to those obtained in previous research as well as industrial and well calibrated VNA, showing very good agreement in both cases, where the interpretation of the results is based on repeatability and accuracy analysis.

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  • 15.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Signalbehandling/ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Vector Measurements for Wireless Network Devices2013Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Wireless networks are an iconic technology of today’s modern era, theyare present in our daily activities as can be exemplified by cellular communications,wi-fi, bluetooth, and others. Vector measurements play an importantrole in the design, simulation, and testing of wireless networks and are usedto characterize key devices operating in the radio interface, such as amplifiers,filters, and mixers.Accurate characterization is the key for improving the capacity and efficiencyof wireless networks. As the demand for network capacity continuouslyincreases, the accuracy of vector measurements must also improve. Further,it is anticipated that such trends will continue in the years to come. Consequently,the wireless industry needs to include nonlinear behavior in theircharacterization and analysis, to assess and guaranty the operation of the devices,and to comply to the specifications from governmental regulations. Incontrast to linear behavior, nonlinear behavior presents an additional bandwidthrequirement because the signal bandwidth grows when it passes throughnonlinear devices. In this thesis, vector measurements for devices operatingin wireless networks are studied, emphasizing a synthetic approach for theinstrumentation. This approach enables the use of digital post-processing algorithms,which enhances the measurement accuracy and/or speed and canovercome hardware impairments. This thesis presents the design of a vectorialmeasurement system for wireless devices considering the aforementionedtrends and requirements. It also explores the advantages of the proposedapproach, describes its limitations, and discusses the digital signal processingalgorithms used to reach its final functionality. Finally, measurement resultsof the proposed setup are presented, analyzed and compared to those of modernindustrial instruments.

  • 16.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, Department of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
    Amin, Shoaib
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, Department of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    ACCESS Linnaeus Centre, Department of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.
    Combating the Dimensionality of Nonlinear MIMO Amplifier Predistortion by Basis Pursuit2014Ingår i: Proceedings of the 44th European Microwave Conference, 2014, s. 833-836Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A general description of nonlinear dynamic MIMO systems, given by Volterra series, has significantly larger complexity than SISO systems. Modeling and predistortion of MIMO amplifiers consequently become unfeasible due to the large number of basis functions. We have designed digital predistorters for a MIMO amplifier using a basis pursuit method for reducing model complexity. This method reduces the numerical problems that appear in MIMO Volterra predistorters due to the large number of basis functions. The number of basis functions was reduced from 1402 to 220 in a 2x2 MIMO amplifier and from 127 to 13 in the corresponding SISO case. Reducing the number of basis functions caused an increase of approximately 1 dB of model error and adjacent channel power ratio.

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  • 17.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektroteknik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH, Signalbehandling.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektroteknik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    KTH, Signalbehandling.
    A Bandwidth Extension for Technique Radio Frequency Measurements Using Pilot Tones2013Manuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 18.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    Department of Signal Processing, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Output impedance mismatch effects on the linearity performance of digitally predistorted power amplifiers2015Ingår i: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, ISSN 0018-9480, E-ISSN 1557-9670, Vol. 63, nr 2, s. 754-765Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyzes the effects of load impedancemismatch in power amplifiers which linearity has been enhancedusing various digital predistortion (DPD) algorithms. Two different power amplifier architectures are considered: a class AB and a Doherty amplifier and three model structures for the DPD model are compared: memoryless polynomial (MLP), general memory polynomial (GMP) and Kautz-Volterra functions (KV). This paper provides a sensitivity analysis of the linearized amplifiers under load mismatch conditions and reports the performance when dynamic parameter identification for the DPD is used to compensate for the changes in the load impedance. In general,power amplifiers linearity is sensitive to load impedance mismatch. Linearity may degrade as much as 10 dB (in normalized mean square error) according to the magnitude and the phase of the reflection coefficient provided by the load impedance. However, depending on the amplifier design, the sensitivity toload impedance mismatch varies. While the Doherty amplifier studied show significant linearity degradations in the in-band and out-of-band distortions, the out-of-band distortions of the studied class AB were less sensitive to the load impedance mismatch. In adaptive DPD schemes, the performance obtained in the MLP model does not benefit from the updating scheme and the performance achieved is similar to a static case, where no updates are made. This stresses the memory requirements in the predistorter. When employing the GMP and the KV models in an adaptive DPD scheme, they tackle to a larger extent the linearity degradations due to load impedance mismatch.

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  • 19.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Signalbehandling.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Signalbehandling.
    Pilot tone aided measurements to extend the bandwidth of radio frequency applications2016Ingår i: Measurement, ISSN 0263-2241, E-ISSN 1873-412X, Vol. 90, s. 534-541Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A technique to extend the effective measurement bandwidth of a non-coherent vector receiver is presented. This bandwidth extension technique relies on the use of a pilot signal (known a priori), which is added on the signal of interest and is measured in a single receiver. Compared to other bandwidth extension techniques referred as stitching techniques, the proposed approach avoids error propagation in the measurement bandwidth and simultaneously enables the measurement of signals that do not contain energy in certain spectral bands.

    The pilot signal is created in digital stages, which tackles to large extent the requirement of the a priori knowledge of this signal. Further, the pilot signal is designed to minimize estimation errors of the proposed technique, providing enhanced performance. It is analytically shown that the error incurred by the proposed method is always lower than the error from the measurement noise.

    Measurement results show the method functionality with an error in the range of −50 dB of the signal measured. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed technique is illustrated by measuring the input and output of an amplifier with dynamic range in excess of 80 dB over 290 MHz using an 18 MHz bandwidth receiver. This measurement could not have been performed by existing stitching techniques.

  • 20.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    Department of Signal Processing, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Finding Structural Information about RF Power Amplifiers using an Orthogonal Nonparametric Kernel Smoothing Estimator2016Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, E-ISSN 1939-9359, Vol. 65, nr 5, s. 2883-2889, artikel-id 7109926Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A non-parametric technique for modeling the behavior of power amplifiers is presented. The proposed technique relies on the principles of density estimation using the kernel method and is suited for use in power amplifier modeling. The proposed methodology transforms the input domain into an orthogonal memory domain. In this domain, non-parametric static functions are discovered using the kernel estimator. These orthogonal, non-parametric functions can be fitted with any desired mathematical structure, thus facilitating its implementation. Furthermore, due to the orthogonality, the non-parametric functions can be analyzed and discarded individually, which simplifies pruning basis functions and provides a tradeoff between complexity and performance. The results show that the methodology can be employed to model power amplifiers, therein yielding error performance similar to state-of-the-art parametric models. Furthermore, a parameter-efficient model structure with 6 coefficients was derived for a Doherty power amplifier, therein significantly reducing the deployment’s computational complexity. Finally, the methodology can also be well exploited in digital linearization techniques.

  • 21.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH, Stockholm, Sweden; Univ Catolica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru.
    Khan, Zain Ahmed
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Magnus
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Händel, Peter
    KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Using Intrinsic Integer Periodicity to Decompose the Volterra Structure in Multi-Channel RF Transmitters2016Ingår i: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, ISSN 1531-1309, E-ISSN 1558-1764, Vol. 26, nr 4, s. 297-299Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    An instrumentation, measurement and post-processing technique is presented to characterize transmitters by multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Volterra series. The MIMO Volterra series is decomposed as the sum of nonlinear single-variable self-kernels and a multi-variable cross-kernel. These kernels are identified by sample averages of the outputs using inputs of different sample periodicity. This technique is used to study the HW effects in a RF MIMO transmitter composed by input and output coupling filters (cross-talk) sandwiching a non-linear amplification stage. The proposed technique has shown to be useful in identifying the dominant effects in the transmitter structure and it can be used to design behavioral models and compensation techniques.

  • 22.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap. KTH, Signalbehandling.
    Piazza, Roberto
    Shankar, Bhavani
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap. KTH, Signalbehandling.
    Ottersten, Björn
    KTH, Signalbehandling.
    A MIMO Sympol Rate Signal Digital Predistorter for Nonlinear Multicarrier Satellite ChannelsManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 23.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
    Piazza, Roberto
    University of Luxembourg.
    Shankar, Bhavani
    University of Luxembourg.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Ottersten, Björn
    University of Luxembourg.
    Low complexity predistortion and equalization in nonlinear multicarrier satellite communications2015Ingår i: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, ISSN 1687-6172, E-ISSN 1687-6180, Vol. 2015, artikel-id 30Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Aiming to reduce the power/mass requirements in satellite transponders and toreduce mission costs, joint amplification of multiple-carriers using a singleHigh-Power Amplifier (HPA) is being considered. In this scenario, a carefulinvestigation of the resulting power efficiency is essential as amplification isnonlinear, and multicarrier signals exhibit enlarged peak-to-average power ratio.Thus, operating the amplifier close to saturation vastly increases signal distortionresulting in a severe degradation of performance, especially for higher ordermodulations. This paper proposes a reduced-complexity digital pre-distortion(DPD) scheme at the transmitter and a corresponding equalizer (EQ) at thereceiver to mitigate these nonlinear effects. Scenarios include both the forward aswell as the return links. In particular, the paper exploits the MIMO Volterrarepresentation and builds on a basis pursuit approach using a LASSO (leastabsolute shrinkage and selection operator) algorithm to achieve an effienct basisrepresentation, avoiding large computational complexity, to describe the selectionof pre-distorter/ equalizer model. The work further compares and contrasts thetwo mitigation techniques taking various system aspects into consideration. Thegains, in performance and amplification efficiency, demonstrated by the use ofDPD/ EQ motivate their inclusion in next generation satellite systems.

  • 24.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Dept. of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden .
    Piazza, Roberto
    Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
    Shankar, M.R. Bhavani
    Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    Ottersten, Björn
    Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
    Multiple-input multiple-output symbol rate signal digital predistorter for non-linear multi-carrier satellite channels2015Ingår i: IET Communications, ISSN 1751-8628, E-ISSN 1751-8636, Vol. 9, nr 16, s. 2053-2059Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A digital predistortion (DPD) scheme is presented for non-linear distortion mitigation in multi-carrier satellite communication channels. The proposed DPD has a multiple-input multiple-output architecture similar to data DPD schemes. However, it enhances the mitigation performance of data DPDs using a multi-rate processing algorithm to achieve spectrum broadening of non-linear operators. Compared to single carrier (single-input single-output) signal (waveform) DPD schemes, the proposed DPD has lower digital processing rate reducing the required hardware cost of the predistorter. The proposed DPD outperforms, in total degradation, both data and signal DPD schemes. Further, it performs closest to a channel bound described by an ideally mitigated channel with limited maximum output power.

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  • 25.
    Zenteno, Efrain
    et al.
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik. Department of Signal Processing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Electron- ics and Telecommunication Department, Universidad Catolica San Pablo, Arequipa, Peru.
    Rönnow, Daniel
    Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, Elektronik.
    MIMO Subband Volterra Digital Predistortion for Concurrent Aggregated Carrier Communications2017Ingår i: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, ISSN 0018-9480, E-ISSN 1557-9670, Vol. 65, nr 3, s. 967-979Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear mitigation technique for closely spaced concurrent aggregated carrier systems. The transmitter architecture considers band-limited sources, where the predistorter and signal bandwidth are the same, thus reducing transmitter hardware cost and power consumption. The technique relies on multirate processing and linear filtering and uses the carrier frequencies to isolate the contribution of linear and nonlinear basis functions to the desired bands. This approach can be used with any MIMO model structure. In particular, models are linear in the parameters of low computational complexity. The technique was evaluated using three concurrent carriers of 50 MHz each fed to a Doherty amplifier. The results show significant reduction in the error vector magnitude and improvements for the transmitter efficiency using the proposed compensation technique.

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