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  • 18951.
    Penttinen, Markku Juhani
    et al.
    Skogsforskningsinstitutet, Finland.
    Rummukainen, Arto
    Skogsforskningsinstitutet, Finland.
    Väätäinen, Kari
    Skogsforskningsinstitutet, Finland.
    Tikakoski, Simo
    Skogsforskningsinstitutet, Finland.
    New business models needed in restructuring wood harvesting business2008In: Proceedings of the IUFRO Alll-D3-Conference: Pathways to Environmentally Sound Technologies for Natural Resource Use, Tokyo: University of Tokyo , 2008, p. 1-8Conference paper (Other academic)
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    FULLTEXT01
  • 18952.
    Penttinen, Markku
    et al.
    Finnish Forest Research Institute.
    Kinnunen, Matti
    Finnish Forest Research Institute.
    Profitability of forestry in jointly-owned forests of Nourtheastern Finland and Lapland1992In: Silva Fennica, ISSN 0037-5330, E-ISSN 2242-4075, Vol. 26, no 4, p. 211-217Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18953.
    Penttinen, Markku
    et al.
    Finnish Forest Research Institute.
    Lausti, Antrei
    Helsinki School of Economics.
    Return, risk and competiviness of non-industrial private forest (NIPS) ownership1999Report (Other academic)
  • 18954.
    Penttinen, Markku
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Business administration.
    Mikkola, Jarmo
    Finnish Forest Research Institute.
    Rummukainen, Arto
    Finnish Forest Research Institute.
    Wood-harvesting enterprise financing and investment2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Large Finnish forest industry companies want to increase the size of their harvest-ing service enterprises after the extremely low industry production volumes in 2009. This has required harvesting enterprises to grow. However, profits in this small and medium size enterprise business have been low, especially since the 2009 downturn. Thus there has been only limited potential to grow organically. Other possibilities are to organise cooperation in the main - subcontractor base or to network to establish a limited company owned by independent entrepreneurs to make agreements with customers.

    The harvesting enterprises and their growth opportunities were analysed by statis-tical methods using the tax authority data of about 1000 enterprises for the 2001–2008 closing of the books. The usability of all applicable ratios was tested, and results were produced in the form of tables and figures. The closing of the books data from 2008 was analysed, revealing interesting relations and eight independ-ent factors which describe success and failure factors. Recommended ratios were defined for the analysis of the whole wood-harvesting sector and for researching individual enterprises.

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  • 18955.
    Penttinen, Markku
    et al.
    Skogsforskningsinstitutet, Finland.
    Rummukainen, Arto
    Skogforskningsinstitutet, Finland.
    Mikkola, Jarmo
    Skogsforskningsinstitutet, Finland.
    Profitablity, liquidity and solvency of wood harvesting contractors in Finland2011In: Small-scale Forest Economics, Management and Policy, ISSN 1447-1825, Vol. 10, no 2, p. 211-229Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18956.
    Penttinen, Markku
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Business administration.
    Rummukainen, Arto
    Mikkola, Jarmo
    Wood harvesting enterprise: profitability, liquidity and solvency2010In: International Workshop on Figures for Forests: Proceedings / [ed] Christoph Hartebrodt und Kathryn Howard, Freiburg: Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg , 2010, Vol. 84, p. 95-108Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to respond to global competition challenges, the wood processing industry is outsourcing the planning of roundwood harvesting. This means that the industry seeks to negotiate with fewer, larger and more diverse harvesting enterprises, which may have smaller subcontractors. This kind of networking development has already occurred in other industries e.g. shipyards and the electronics industry. Poor profitability, the liquidity and solvency of the harvesting business and the consequent difficulty in hiring qualified operators make networking a complicated process. Moreover, the asymmetry of negotiation powers between industrial customers and harvesting entrepreneurs perpetuates the low profitability. A study of the harvesting business structure has been conducted to identify the problems and success factors in this industry. Financial data from the period 2001-2007 was studied applying ratio analysis, focusing on the profitability, liquidity and solvency of subgroups as well as the whole industry. Entrepreneurs need managerial skills and appropriate business tools to cope with the growing size of their enterprises. The traditional business model for a capacity supplier tends towards the co-operation business model, which results in enterprise networks with subcontractors. The results of this study show that economic resources for reorganising and developing the business are very limited. A quarter of enterprises make break-even results or losses. Larger enterprises have limited reserves.

  • 18957.
    Penttinen, Markku
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Business administration.
    Sekot, Walter
    University of Natural Resouces and Life Sciences, Vienna.
    The International Financial Repoerting Standards (IFRS) as implemented into the forestry accounting2016In: Advances and Challenges in Managerial Economics and Accounting, Vienna, 2016, p. 91-92Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Forest industrie hsave shares, bonds etc. on the public market place, use the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and for the accounting of the growing stock of their forests International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41 Agriculture (EU 2009, Herbohn & Herbohn 2006).The market based fair value (FV) is the starting point of the IFRS and IAS 41. The FV uses ‘the expected net cash flows discounted at a current market determined pretax rate if market determined prices are not available (EU 2009, Herbohn 2009). The FV recognises the changes both in stumpage prices and the growing stock, the last of which are based on the forest management plans (FMP). The FMP relies on and benefits from the long traditions of forest inventories, growth modelling, determining optima rotation, silvicultural recommendations etc. as well as FMP software using simulation and optimisation etc., all of which have been developed long before fair value accounting (FVA). The final felling happens in the North, say, after 80 years, which implies a certain ambiguity of the stumpage prices and discount rates.The paper summarizes work on this issue, preliminary ending with questionnaire based on interviews addressing IFRS practices ofScandinavian forest companies. First, different forestry accounting traditions have been reviewed (Hogg & Jöbstl 2008,Sekot 2007). Second, theoretical bases and consequences of the FVA have been discussed (Argiles et al. 2011). Third, the pros and cons of IAS 41 as documented in the scientific literature have been analysed (Ayanto 2011, Elad & Herbohn 2011). Fourth, the development of stumpage prices has been studied and summarised in the first interview question. Fifth, forest regeneration and other costs have been discussed as well as addressed by questions no two and three. Sixth, the use of this input information and the FMP are analysed and formulated as the fourth question (Penttinen & Rantala 2008, Penttinen et al. 2004). Seventh, the discount rate dilemma has been analysed and is reflected in terms of a que stion (Eckel et al. 2003). Even market risk and bare land accounting were inquired as well. Eight, the disclosure of the growing stock has been studied and addressed. Ninth, all closing of the books of the Scandinavian forest industries using IAS 41 have been analysed,covering the periods from 2009 to 2015 (Tornator 2016). The results document the use of discount rates from 5.5% to 7.5%. It is common practice to report the FV sensitivity with respect to the discount rate, stumpage price and silvicultural cost changes. The prices used are primarily medium term averages of several years, which have even been reviewed by the management and in some cases also by external experts. The typical forecasting period is ten years, and a simple price change percentage isa pplied thereafter, if any. Some companies estimate discount rates using weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in which the cost of equity capital is based on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Also in this context, external experts have been in volved in some cases. Risk free interest rate is typically derived from a Euro rate. The interest requirement of the equity capital is updated semi-annually and that of the debts quarterly. Young stands are valued at cost. According to the interviews, the application ofIFRS is a quite big but not an impossible burden. However, a comparison between different entities is difficult, because the standard does not provide any exact guidelines. The findings of the closing of the books and interviews are finally summarised and discussed.

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  • 18958.
    Penttinen, Markku
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Business administration.
    Sekot, Walter
    The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as implemented into the forestry accounting2016In: Advances and Challenges in Managerial Economics and Accounting: Proceedings, Wien: International Union of Forest Research Organizations , 2016, p. 91-Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Forest industries, which have shares, bonds etc. on the public market place, use the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and for the accounting of the growing stock of their forests International Accounting Standard (IAS) 41 Agriculture (EU 2009, Herbohn & Herbohn 2006). The market based fair value (FV) is the starting point of the IFRS and IAS 41. The FV uses ‘the expected net cash flows discounted at a current market-determined pre-tax rate’ if market-determined prices are not available (EU 2009, Herbohn 2009). The FV recognises the changes both in stumpage prices and the growing stock, the last of which are based on the forest management plans (FMP). The FMP relies on and benefits from the long traditions of forest inventories, growth modelling, determining optimal rotation, silvicultural recommendations etc. as well as FMP software using simulation and optimisation etc., all of which have been developed long before fair value accounting (FVA). The final felling happens in the North, say, after 80 years, which implies a certain ambiguity of the stumpage prices and discount rates.

    The paper summarizes work on this issue, preliminary ending with questionnaire-based interviews addressing IFRS-practices of Scandinavian forest companies. First, different forestry accounting traditions have been reviewed (Hogg & Jöbstl 2008, Sekot 2007). Second, theoretical bases and consequences of the FVA have been discussed (Argiles et al. 2011). Third, the pros and cons of IAS 41 as documented in the scientific literature have beenanalysed (Ayanto 2011, Elad & Herbohn 2011). Fourth, the development of stumpage prices has been studied and summarised in the first interview question. Fifth, forest regeneration and other costs have been discussed as well as addressed by questions no. two and three. Sixth, the use of this input information and the FMP are analysed and formulated as the fourth question (Penttinen & Rantala 2008, Penttinen et al. 2004). Seventh, the discount rate dilemma has been analysed and is reflected in terms of a question (Eckel et al. 2003). Even market risk and bare land accounting were inquired as well. Eight, the disclosure of the growing stock has been studied and addressed. Ninth, all closing of the books of the Scandinavian forest industries using IAS 41 have been analysed, covering the periods from 2009 to 2015 (Tornator 2016).

    The results document the use of discount rates from 5.5% to 7.5%. It is common practice to report the FV sensitivity with respect to the discount rate, stumpage price and silvicultural cost changes. The prices used are primarily medium term averages of several years, which have even been reviewed by the management and in some cases also by external experts. The typical forecasting period is ten years, and a simple price change percentageis applied thereafter, if any. Some companies estimate discount rates using weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in which the cost of equity capital is based on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Also in this context, external experts have been involved in some cases. Risk free interest rate is typically derived from a Euro rate. The interest requirement of the equity capital is updated semi-annually and that of the debts quarterly. Young stands are valued at cost. According to the interviews, the application of IFRS is a quite big but not an impossible burden. However, a comparison between different entities is difficult, because the standard does not provide any exact guidelines. The findings of the closing of the books and interviews are finally summarised and discussed

  • 18959.
    Perasto, Riikka
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Föräldrars alkoholtillåtande attityder och monitoring sett i relation till ungdomars riskbeteende i bruket av alkohol, tobak, narkotika och spel: En deskriptiv studie baserad på CAN:s enkät från Gävleborgs län2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to examine whether if there was any correlations between parents with permissive attitudes and low monitoring (parents’ low knowledge of adolescents’ whereabouts) and adolescents’ risk behavior on heavy consumption of alcohol, tobacco, drug use and gambling. In addition gender differences were investigated. The study was done in collaboration with Samhällsmedicin at Landstinget Gävleborg. A quantitative method was used and the research data for the study were based on a complete survey of 1735 students in ninth grade in the county of Gävleborg in the year of 2008. Probable correlations were examined by using frequency tables and by the 95 percent confidence interval.  The main result of the study was that there where a positive correlation between adolescents who had parents with permissive attitudes and low monitoring and adolescents risk behavior on heavy consumption of alcohol, tobacco and drug use and gambling. Low monitoring seemed to be the most significant factor on adolescents’ substance abuse. The study also showed also that parental attitudes and monitoring had a greater effect on boys’ substance use than on girls’ substance use. Conclusion Parental factors, especially high monitoring seemed to be protective on adolescents substance use. 

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    Riikka_Perasto_20120126(1)
  • 18960.
    Perdomo, Emelie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Sultán, Mikaela
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Exploring the Path of Criminality: A qualitative study about ex-offenders' life stories2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This is an explorative study conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of the criminal life by exploring ex-offenders’ stories and analyzing what possible factors could have had an impact on them. The method used was that of semi structured, narrative interviewing and the theories used to analyze and gain a deeper understanding of the results were those of social constructionist theory, differential association theory, and labeling theory. Firstly, the results showed that the combination of the two factors lack of support and attitudes towards delinquent behavior had markedly contributed to the participants’ way into a criminal life and the misuse of drugs. Secondly, the respondents’ all credited some part of their success in reintegrating to the NGO KRIS, which they stated had significantly helped them during their time in and after prison. Thirdly, the respondents’ attitudes towards life seemed to be an important part of being able to both get clean and stay away from the criminal life. However, all of the respondents had experienced some sort of relapse, being it into drugs or crime.

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  • 18961.
    Perea Tamayo, Robert Glen
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
    Linearity Aspects of Dynamic PA Supply-Modulation Systems with Emphasis on Modulator Modeling and non-linearities2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Modern communication systems operate with high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) over wide bandwidth. Linearity requirements force operation in a low efficient highly linear back-off region. Then increasing efficiency is becoming critical. One of the most promising technologies to accomplish this is using supply modulation, e.g. envelope tracking (ET) and envelope elimination and restoration (EER). Supply modulated systems have been studied extensively in the past years, but no systems have been presented with flexibility in the envelope amplifier circuit.

     

    In this work the supply modulator amplifiers have been studied. The focus is on hybrid switching amplifier (HSA) as envelope amplifier. Two envelope amplifier prototypes P-I and P-II have been designed. They are both designed for 15W output but P-II has 28V maximum supply voltage and P-I has 15V maximum supply voltage. P-II developed in version A, using silicon (Si) based switching transistor and version B using gallium-nitride (GaN) switching transistor. The efficiency is limited to a maximum 97 % possible by the circuit components.

     

    The linearity was mainly analyzed by AM-AM diagrams. P-I, P-IIA and P-IIB, were analyzed in simulations and measurements. Results show high possibility of improvement with digital processing, i.e. digital pre-distortion (DPD). Linearization will improve the overall performance in the supply modulator (SM) systems, improving the delay issues and distortion produced by the implementation of the system.

     

    The developed flexible board has made it possible to investigate alternative technologies of ET, focused in the hybrid switching amplifier (HSA). This has given the possibility to compare the overall performance for a traditional Si based switch with the novel Ferdinand Braun Institute’s (FBH) GaN-HEMT based switch with regards to bandwidth, efficiency and non-linearities introduced by the envelope tracking amplifier. P-I and P-II show high efficiency (> 60%) in results. For signals with adequate average power levels the efficiency is high, with around 70% efficiency for WCDMA signals. Phase distortions are evident already at a 5 MHz bandwidth.

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  • 18962. Perea-Tamayo, R.
    et al.
    Bengtsson, O.
    Landin, Per
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Electronics.
    Heinrich, W.
    A modular hybrid switching amplifier for wide-bandwidth supply-modulated RF power amplifiers2012In: 7th German Microwave Conference, GeMiC 2012, 2012, p. 6185190-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A modular hybrid switching amplifier (HSA) for wide-bandwidth supply modulation of RF power amplifiers is presented. The HSA is designed for maximum 15 V supply voltage, 1 A supply current and 10 MHz bandwidth. The purpose is to compare alternative switch technologies. A case study is conducted on GaN-HEMT and Si-MOSFET, which are compared with regards to efficiency and linearity under different load conditions, based on simulations and on measurements of the fabricated designs. Design modifications to accommodate the alternative switch technologies are presented together with analysis of non-linearities including slew-rate induced amplitude distortion.

  • 18963.
    Perea-Tamoya, Robert
    et al.
    Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik.
    Krellmann, Martin
    Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik.
    Bengtsson, Olof
    Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik.
    Landin, Per Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Electronics.
    Heinrich, Wolfgang
    Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik.
    Investigation of GaN-HEMT Based Switches for Hybrid Switching Amplifier Supply-Modulators2012In: Frequenz, ISSN 0016-1136, E-ISSN 2191-6349, Vol. 66, no 11-12, p. 339-345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An investigation of GaN-HEMT based switching stages in hybrid switching amplifiers (HSA) for wide-bandwidth supply modulation of RF power amplifiers is presented. The HSA is designed for maximum 15 V supply voltage, 1 A supply current and 10 MHz bandwidth. GaN-HEMT switch designs with alternative gate drive circuitry are investigated with regard to power, efficiency and linearity under different load conditions using simulations and measurements of the fabricated circuits. The full HSA showed an efficiency of 49.7% for a WCDMA envelope. A modified switching stage with improved gate-drive circuitry shows 85% efficiency in a 15 V buck-converter test-circuit for a 10 V conversion at 1 MHz over a 15 Ω load.

  • 18964.
    Pereira, Cátia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
    Real time spectrum analyzer light2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to analyze the experimental level spectrum in real time. The first step of this study was the acquisition of signal over the function generator (Hp Hewlett Packard) and viewing the same through the oscilloscope (Agilent). In this thesis, MATLAB was used as a tool. The whole process of the signal Fourier transform was made with this process and the values were put in a matrix, making it possible to obtain the amplitude values and to observe them through a three-dimensional graphic.

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    Thesis report Catia Pereira
  • 18965.
    Perera, Sam Prasanna Kurukulasuriya
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Kachchakaduge, Sumith Ruwan Dharmasiri
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    SMART VAR Generator to Manage Grid Voltage Stability issue of Low Frequency Switching Photovoltaic Inverters2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 30 credits / 45 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Solar power, clean and abundant, is considered as a vital contributor in the effort of transforming world energy-mix to pollution-free and natural-regenerative sources.   The solar micro inverters have gained greater visibility during the past several years due to their higher efficiency, greater performances, longer life expectancy and many other benefits. But, integrating small scale [<15kW] renewable energy sources, especially the low frequency switching solar inverters to the low voltage distribution grid has its own challenges due to their inability to generate reactive power to maintain the static voltage stability of the grid.

    Higher level of solar penetration has identified as a potential cause of low voltage grid instability due to lack of reactive power feeding and their tendency to keep on increasing the voltage higher than grid at the point of common connection [PCC] in order to inject the current to the grid. The studies and experience in voltage stability issues has resulted in introducing many new grid regulations to manage the grid voltage stability throughout the world.

    The new regulation, VDE-AR-N-4105-2011 is a German grid regulation standard specifically focuses on the low voltage grid connected power generators. This regulation has addressed the reactive power requirements in terms of power factor and supply management to maintain the grid static voltage variation less than 3% at the PCC, when connecting any type of distributed power generators to the low voltage network.

    This report discuss about the voltage stability issues related to low frequency switching inverters and present a solution to comply with low voltage grid regulation - VDE-AR-N-4105-2011; a SmartVar Generator concept, theory, design and functionality.

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  • 18966.
    Perez Amigo, Laura
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Solar Potential Assessment: Comparison Using LiDAR Data and PVsyst2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Energy consumption is on a permanent rise and it is becoming increasingly concentrated in cities. Hence, cities have to work on saving energy and being more efficient by finding sources with great potential to produce their own energy and implanting the correct policies. Photovoltaics is the renewable energy technology with the higher potential in the urban context and Sweden is highly committed on its investment since it is the less developed renewable source in the country.

    The aim of the thesis is to compare two methodologies and determine which one is better or gives more relevant information for this kind of studies in order to evaluate how good a solar map is. For doing this, the first step is to create a solar map to have a general idea about the solar potential and to know which roofs are more suitable to install PV systems. This is made with LiDAR data using ArcGIS and SEES software. After that, another study on the quantity of solar power that could be obtained from those roofs will be performed using PVsyst, where it is possible to develop an entire PV system installation and obtain more exhaust results on energy production and shadowing. Four buildings are going to be evaluated, two public ones located in Gävle city centre (Library and Concert House) and two residential ones located in Sätra.

    Factors such as the optimal tilt, the best azimuth angle and the distance between panel rows are dimensioned in order to reduce shading loss and improve the performance ratio of the system in PVsyst. The final system is defined with 10° tilt, south orientation (0° azimuth), 1.5meters distance between rows and modules in strings of 9 panels connected in series for the four buildings. The simulated production from the best alternative is compared with the solar map results. Since the solar map contains information about total yearly irradiation, the energy production is obtained by means of visual exploration of the results combined with simple calculations that include GCR and system efficiency.

    The results show that a solar map is a reliable tool to obtain a general estimation of the solar potential in buildings but it is necessary to first identify its limitations and be able to filter the results. On the other hand, PVsyst software allows making several simulations and eases to obtain a PV system in a building or structure with detailed results of the system components.

    It can be concluded that since the PVsyst only allows to work with specific buildings or structures, a solar map permits big amounts of data calculations. It can be said that a solar map takes part in the process of obtaining a pre-project and the PVsyst is used in the project when a real installation is sized. Nevertheless, both methods are found to be reliable and suitable for solar potential assessment works since the results obtained match.

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  • 18967.
    Perez de Larraya Espinosa, Mikel
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science.
    Photovoltaic Power Plant Aging2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    One of the most pressing problems nowadays is climate change and global warming. As it name indicates, it is a problem that concerns the whole earth. There is no doubt that the main cause for this to happen is human, and very related to non-renewable carbon-based energy resources. However, technology has evolved, and some alternatives have appeared in the energy conversion sector. Nevertheless, they are relatively young yet. Since the growth in renewable energies technologies wind power and PV are the ones that have taken the lead. Wind power is a relatively mature technology and even if it still has challenges to overcome the horizon is clear. However, in the PV case the technology is more recent. Even if it is true that PV modules have been used in space applications for more than 60 years, large scale production has not begun until last 10 years. This leaves the uncertainty of how will PV plants and modules age. The author will try to analyse the aging of a specific 63 kWp PV plant located in the roof of a building in Gävle, monitoring production and ambient condition data, to estimate the degradation and the new nominal power of the plant. It has been found out that the degradation of the system is not considerable. PV modules and solar inverters were studied, and even if there are more elements in the system, those are the principal ones. PV modules suffered a degradation of less than 5%, while solar inverters’ efficiency dropped from 95,4% to around 93%.

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  • 18968.
    Perez, Felix
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment.
    Ferrer, Javier
    University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment.
    DEVELOPMENT OF AN EMI MEASUREMENT SYSTEM: Performance Analysis of Bluetooth communication under noise environment2008Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is a project carried out at the “Centre for RF Measurements Technology of Gävle”. The first aim of this work was basically to develop an EMI measurement system, to that purpose, it has been used an EMI Tester receiver, Spectrum Analyzer and a broadband antenna. Tables and graphics are shown to provide the values of the different detectors utilized.

    Using this measurement system, an interference file was recorded and then inserted in a Bluetooth communication model. The interference file was simulated with Matlab Simulink, to check how the interference affected the communication; the effects of the signal degradation are presented in a graphic.

    Finally a real Bluetooth communication was established using two Bluetooth modules from Free2Move Company, to prove that the effect of microwave oven interferences produces the increase of transmission time and therefore decrease the Throughput.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 18969.
    Pereña Romero, Alvis
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Silius, Mathilda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Omvårdnadsåtgärder mot preoperativ oro2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Att genomgå ett kirurgiskt ingrepp kan utlösa stressreaktioner och skapa oro hos många patienter. De upplever en maktlöshet då de ska sövas och oron inför ingreppet är påtagligt. Det är därför av vikt att granska vilka metoder som finns och som kan vara effektiva för att lindra patientens oro. Syfte: Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att beskriva sjuksköterskans preoperativa omvårdnadsåtgärder för att lindra patientens oro. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie med kvantitativ ansats utfördes i databasen Medline via PubMed. Totalt undersöktes 90 artiklar och 13 artiklar inkluderades i studien. Resultat: De omvårdnadsmetoder som framkom resulterade i fyra kategorier; Information och undervisning, musik, multimedia, lavendelolja och massage. Slutsats: Samtliga omvårdnadsmetoder har tydligt visat en signifikant effekt på att minska preoperativ oro och ångest hos patienterna som väntar på en operation. 

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  • 18970.
    Pergolizzi, Joseph
    et al.
    Native Cardio Inc., Naples, USA.
    Breve, Frank
    Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
    Magnusson, Peter
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science. Karolinska institutet.
    Nalamasu, Rohit
    University of Nebraska, USA.
    LeQuang, Jo Ann K
    NEMA Research, Florida, USA.
    Varrassi, Giustino
    Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, Italy.
    Suicide by Opioid: Exploring the Intentionality of the Act2021In: Cureus, E-ISSN 2168-8184, Vol. 13, no 9, article id e18084Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Opioid toxicity can result in life-threatening respiratory depression. Opioid-overdose mortality in the United States is high and increasing, but it is difficult to determine what proportion of those deaths might actually be suicides. The exact number of Americans who died of an opioid overdose but whose deaths might be classified as suicide remains unknown. It is important to differentiate between those who take opioids with the deliberate and unequivocal objective of committing suicide, that is, those with active intent, from those with passive intent. The passive-intent group understands the risks of opioid consumption and takes dangerous amounts, but with a more ambiguous attitude toward suicide. Thus, among decedents of opioid overdose, a large population dies by accident, whereas a small population dies intending to commit suicide; but between them exists a sub-population with equivocal intentions, waxing and waning between their desire to live and the carelessness about death. There may be a passive as well as active intent to commit suicide, but less is known about the passive motivation. It is important for public health efforts aimed at reducing both suicides and opioid-use disorder to better understand the range of motivations behind opioid-related suicides and how to combat them.

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  • 18971.
    Pergolizzi, Joseph
    et al.
    Cardiology, Native Cardio Inc., Naples, USA.
    Magnusson, Peter
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science. Karolinska institutet.
    Coluzzi, Flaminia
    Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
    Breve, Frank
    Department of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
    LeQuang, Jo Ann K
    Scientific Communication, NEMA Research, Inc., Naples, USA.
    Varrassi, Giustino
    Research, Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, Italy.
    Multimechanistic Single-Entity Combinations for Chronic Pain Control: A Narrative Review2022In: Cureus, E-ISSN 2168-8184, Vol. 14, no 6, article id e26000Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Atypical opioids such as tramadol, tapentadol, and cebranopadol combine two complementary mechanisms of action into a single molecule, creating novel analgesic agents. These are synthetic small molecules: cebranopadol is not yet market released; tramadol and tapentadol are commercially available and have immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (ER) formulations. Tramadol has been widely used in the United States in recent years and works as a prodrug in that its metabolites are active in inhibiting serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tapentadol is a direct-acting agent with a faster onset of action and is a mu-opioid-receptor agonist and also inhibits noradrenaline reuptake. Cebranopadol is the newest of these drugs, a first-in-class atypical analgesic that combines mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonism with activity at the nociception/orphanin (NOP) FQ petide receptors. Cebranopadol may be considered a partial kappa-opioid receptor agonist as well. The pharmacology of these unique single-entity agents allows them to offer analgesic benefit with fewer side effects and risks. Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of tramadol and tapentadol, and promising but limited studies for cebranopadol show good analgesic effect and safety. Serotonin toxicity or ‘serotonin syndrome’ may occur with accumulation of serotonin with tramadol. While the misuse of these agents is limited in the United States, tramadol misuse is prevalent in Iran and parts of Africa. Patients have been successfully rotated from one of these agents to another. All three agents show promise in the treatment of cancer and non-cancer pain and their unique formulation in a single molecule reduces the pill burden.

  • 18972.
    Perham, Nick
    et al.
    Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.
    Marsh, John E.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology. School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire UK .
    Clarkson, Martin
    Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
    Lawrence, Rosie
    Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
    Sörqvist, Patrik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental psychology.
    Distraction of mental arithmetic by background speech: Further evidence for the habitual-response priming view of auditory distraction2016In: Experimental psychology (Göttingen), ISSN 1618-3169, E-ISSN 2190-5142, Vol. 63, no 3, p. 141-149Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When solving mental arithmetic problems, one can easily be distracted by someone speaking in the background and this distraction is greater if the speech comprises numbers. We explored the basis of this disruption by asking participants to solve mental addition problems (e.g., "45 + 17 = ?") in three different conditions: background speech comprising numbers in ascending order (e.g., "61, 62, 63, 64, 65"), background speech comprising numbers in descending order (e.g., "65, 64, 63, 62, 61"), and quiet. Performance was best in quiet, worse in the descending numbers condition, and poorest in the ascending numbers condition. In view of these findings, we suggest that disruption arises as a by-product of preventing the primed, but inaccurate, candidate responses from assuming the control of action. Alternative explanations are also discussed.

  • 18973.
    Perjans Sjökvist, Linda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Öst, Nadya
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av hot och våld på akutmottagningar: en beskrivande litteraturstudie2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Threats and violence in healthcare is a growing problem worldwide. Nurses at especially emergency departments is a major risk group and vulnerable to verbal threats and physical violence.

    Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' perception of threats and violence in emergency departments, and describe the articles included study group.

    Method: The study was a descriptive literature review based on 14 scientific articles with quantitative and qualitative approach. Database searches were conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed search engine.

    Main Results: The results showed frequent experiences of threat and violence, which made many nurses feel destructive emotions, such as fear, anxiety, powerlessness and frustration. This caused psychological distress and affected nurses work of nursing in the emergency department negatively. The environment of the emergency department played a central role, for example long waiting hours, which often resulted in threatening events. Furthermore, the results showed that the reporting of violent incidents to the hospital management was flawed because of, for example, that nurses were concerned not to be taken seriously. All studies reported the number of participants and geographical area. The majority reported age and gender, where the majority were women.

    Conclusions: The descriptions of the experiences of nurses working at emergency departments, highlighted that threats and violence is a major problem that needs to be addressed. The hospital management is a significant factor and have a responsibility to improve the working environment in areas such as waiting hours, as well as providing staff training and support. Through proper education and knowledge of how threats and violence should be handled, can nurses in their profession improve nursing and increase the quality of care.

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  • 18974.
    Perjos, Ulrika
    University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics.
    e-Services - where is the return on investment?2007Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Magister), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    ABSTRACT

    e-Services, or customer service, over the Internet is becoming increasingly popular and well traveled, but it is also rapidly changing along with new needs and demands as well as new technology. Many companies are about to experience the change from just using the web as a static service tool to be able to use the web as an interactive medium and an online extension of their business. Simplexica has developed, and implemented, their own e-service where their customers have access to their personal pages where they receive news and publications. The main purpose, though, is to make their technical expertise available for their trusted partners and customers in order for them to design their own technical system and to place orders online. Simplexica’s experience from the e-service implementation has proven to be a success in some markets, within some areas and with some customers, but the e-service is still struggling to get utilized to it’s full potential and showing an return on investment.

    The purpose and objective of this thesis report is to analyze and generally describe the e-service portal and the e-service business process used by Simplexica today in order to find areas and functions within e-service which Simplexica can use and apply to improve their existing e-service business process. This thesis report also aims to analyze and evaluate the return on investment of the e-service.

    More specifically the thesis work strives to answer:

     How could the e-service process in place at Simplexica today be described?

     How to best globally utilize the full concept of e-service at Simplexica?

     Where is the return on investment at Simplexica?

    The theoretical framework includes e-services, customer relationship management, business process management and methods of identifying gains, which is combined with a hermeneutic scientific perspective, a deductive research approach and a qualitative method in order to identify and evaluate different ways of calculating a return on investment that would be useful to Simplexica.

    There is no simple solution to the dilemma, but the author summarizes the findings and recommendations in a suggested action plan where changes within Simplexica’s current e-service concept and the financial benefits of the investment, are in focus by:

     removing the barriers for using the e-service where a key element is to create a common understanding, internally and externally, for their current e-service and e-process.

     measuring key indicators and to incorporate crucial customer data

     analyzing the return on investment and estimating the effect and value of intangible benefits

     establishing a model for determining a successful investment based on a variant of the 5-table

     extending, upgrading and changing the current e-service by using new technology as, for instance, M2M and e-mail channeling, and to introduce a total customer service strategy throughout Simplexica.

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  • 18975.
    Perkkilä, Päivi
    et al.
    Chydenius Institut, Jyväskylä Universitet, Finland.
    Aarnos, Eila
    Chydenius Institut, Jyväskylä Universitet, Finland.
    Attorps, Iiris
    University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för matematik och statistik.
    Finnish and Swedish children’s spontaneous mathematical  expressions inspired by pictures2009In: The Proceedings of the conference MAVI-15. Ongoing research on beliefs in mathematics education. / [ed] F. Furinghetti and M. Morselli, 2009, p. 131-137Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Every child in Finland and Sweden has possibility to get pre-school education, in separate pre-school classes, and after that nine years compulsory primary school education. Concerning their math skills development, it is important that children have opportunities to express their own marks and meanings. In this paper we study six to eight year old Finnish (n=100) and Swedish (n=100) children’s spontaneous expressions measured by a pictorial test. In our cross-cultural comparative study we found some similarities and some differences. Both Finnish and Swedish children expressed most numbers and exercises which they use to practice in their early school years. Swedish children expressed significantly more numbers and exercises than the Finnish ones, whereas Finnish children expressed more word problems and mental models. Our cross-cultural interpretation is mainly based on different emphasis in Finnish and Swedish core curriculums. Finnish children follow an early school education that emphasises more learning skills and social development than academic skills learning. Swedish curriculum emphasises more subject-specific knowledge in mathematics.

  • 18976.
    Perman, Sara
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences.
    Rebecca, Söderström
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences.
    Digitala verktyg i förskoleklassens undervisning: En kvalitativ studie om fyra förskoleklassers arbete med digitala verktyg2020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 18977.
    Permats, Jerker
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
    Ledarskapets betydelse för en inkluderande undervisning i idrott och hälsa: Lärarens syn på hur förutsättningarna skiljer sig åt mellan grundskola och grundsärskola2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att ta reda på hur idrottslärares ledarskap påverkade inkluderingsmöjlighet-erna för elever i grundsärskolan och grundskolan. Det är lärarnas perspektiv på ledarskap som är av betydelse för undersökningen. Studien lyfter även fram hur förutsättningar för lärarna skiljer sig i grundsärskolan och grundskolan. Det gjordes genom att intervjua sju stycken idrottslärare som hade erfarenhet från både grundskolan och grundsärskolan. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer vil-ket gör att studien är uppbyggd på olika karaktärer, upplevelser och specifika egenskaper som lyfts fram i svaren. Studien är en innehållsanalys som strävar efter att urskilja skillnader och likheter i analysen. Resultatet visar hur lärare ser på begreppen inkludering och förutsättningar hos idrottslä-rare. Det visar även att idrottslärares syn på ledarskap skiljer sig beroende på vilken skolform lärar-na undervisar i. Slutsatsen i studien var att förutsättningarna lärarna hade påverkade ledarskapet vilket i sin tur avgjorde om det skulle bli en lyckad inkludering i undervisningen.

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  • 18978.
    Pern, Malin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies.
    Öringe, Agnes
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies.
    "Allt är inte bara jobb, jobb, jobb": En kvalitativ studie av hur organisatoriska ritualer och ceremonier påverkar unga anställdas organisatoriska engagemang och teamengagemang2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment has been proven. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the relationship between rituals and ceremonies and organizational commitment and team commitment. The aim of this study is to increase the understanding of how organizational rituals and ceremonies affect young employees’ organizational commitment and team commitment.

     

    Method: A qualitative study through 13 semi structured interviews, based on an interview guide built from existing theories. The empiricism is presented in a thematic analysis and latter discussed in relation to existing theories.

     

    Result & Conclusions: Rituals and ceremonies affect the organizational commitment and team commitment of young employees through four consequences; motivation, solidarity; comprehension and segregation. These four consequences lead to an identification that, to different degrees, affects the commitment towards the organization and its own team.

     

    Contribution of the thesis: Rituals and ceremonies have a positive impact on the organizational commitment and team commitment of young employees as a result of their consequences, which lead to an identification process. We build on existing theories of organizational commitment and team commitment on how they can coexist and not necessarily be rivals.

     

    Suggestions for future research: We request for future research of quantitative character of the relation between rituals and ceremonies and organizational commitment and team commitment. We suggest further qualitative studies in other contexts with similar research questions to test the consequences identified in this study. Young employees’ professional commitment deserves more attention, as do the mediating effects alcohol seems to have on commitment.

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  • 18979.
    Pero, Jeanette
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Åkerlund, Emma
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Copingstrategier hos föräldrar vars barn har cancer: en litteraturstudie2011Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilka copingstrategier föräldrar använder sig av då deras barn har cancer. Data samlades in via databaserna MedLine (PubMed) och CINAHL. Femton artiklar valdes ut och de valda artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades. Utifrån valda artiklar framkom sju kategorier. I studiens resultat framkom det att föräldrar till barn med cancer använde sig av olika copingstrategier. Copingstrategierna var socialt stöd, andligt stöd, att få visa känslor som förälder, jämförande tillvägagångssätt, positivt tänkande, undvikande coping och att söka information.

    Författarnas slutsats av denna litteraturstudie är att det finns många olika copingstrategier som föräldrar kan använda sig av och att anhöriga, i det här fallet föräldrar, måste få en större plats inom sjukvården. Sjuksköterskor behöver också ha kunskap om copingstrategier hos föräldrar till barn med cancer för att i sin tur kunna undervisa föräldrarna i det, så att de skall kunna handskas med situationen.     

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  • 18980.
    Persdotter, Fanny
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities.
    Visselblåsaren Edward Snowden i olika medieformer2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay discusses the portrait of the whistleblower Edward Joseph Snowden in different media forms. Edward Snowden, the NSA employee who in June 2103 revealed NSA’s secret global surveillance system in the newspapers The Guardian UK, The Washington Post and The New York times, has been portrayed in various types of media such as news articles, film, documentary and self-biography. With references to the communication theories re-mediation and storytelling, this thesis examines which components are used in these different types of media to portray Snowden and how the perspectives differ. It also focuses on which traits that defines a hero and a traitor. And if the typical whistleblower is a hero or a telltale. The information is very similar. Which we can expect depends on that the information has not been remediated very far from its original source. What sets the portraits apart is the perspective and who and what Edward Snowden is shown in the opposite to. For example, in the news articles, Snowden is always talked about in reference to the government, and how he betrayed the loyalty of the government and his oaths. While in the rest of the media forms, produced by and representing the public, he is presented as the hero who took the integrity of the public and his own beliefs in his own hands and stood up against the government. Both sides can in substance prove their point, it is all about the perspective and whose side the audience and the authors are on. 

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  • 18981.
    Persdotter, Lisa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Hur arbetar livsmedelshandlare och butikschefer för att styra konsumenter till en hållbar konsumtion?2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 18982.
    Perselli, Ann-Katrin
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    Haglund, Björn
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences, Educational science.
    Barns perspektiv och barnperspektiv: en analys av utgångspunkter för fritidshemmets undervisning2022In: Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige, ISSN 1401-6788, E-ISSN 2001-3345, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 75-95Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna artikel är att utifrån en fenomenologisk och barndomssociologisk ansats problematisera och diskutera hur barns perspektiv kommer till uttryck i fritidshemslärares skriftliga beskrivningar av sin undervisning. Fokus är fritidshemslärares beskrivningar av sina utgångspunkter för undervisningen samt tillvägagångssätt för genomförandet. Studien bygger på skriftliga reflektioner från 48 lärare i fritidshem på 31 skolor i fyra svenska kommuner. I analysen framträder olika utgångspunkter för undervisningen beroende på om den är planerad eller oplanerad. I de skriftliga reflektionerna över den planerade och genomförda undervisningen överväger ett barnperspektiv hos lärarna; ett perspektiv som utgår från barns bästa, men utifrån vuxnas villkor. Utgångspunkten för planeringen är läroplanen och liten hänsyn tas till elevernas intressen och erfarenheter. I den oplanerade undervisningen framträder barns perspektiv tydligare; elever ges här större möjligheter till makt, inflytande och handling. Här beskrivs elevernas intressen, nyfikenhet och frågor som utgångspunkt för undervisningen. ’Samtal’ och ’diskussion’ är frekventa ord, vilka också indikerar att lärare och elever samtalar om saker som har mening för eleverna. Resultatet antyder att det kan finnas en glidning mellan de två perspektiven i den oplanerade undervisningen. Undervisningen kan växla från det ena perspektivet till det andra, medan motsvarande inte kan ses i lärarnas beskrivningar av den planerade undervisningen. Sammanfattningsvis belyser resultatet det korsdrag som fritidshemslärare ofta ställs inför vid planering och genomförande av undervisning.

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  • 18983.
    Personne, Ted
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Frilansarbete inom datorgrafikbranschen: Vad ska man tänka på?2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Fler och fler väljer idag att arbeta som frilansare framför fast anställning. I denna studie har jag undersökt vad som gör en person till en framgångsrik frilansare. Litteratur har studerats på hur andra har beskrivit ett tillvägagångsätt för framgång hos frilansare vilket har jämförts med min kvalitativa studie där intervjuer har blivit utförda med frilansare. Litteraturen har fokuserats på frilansande gällande nätverkande, kunder, inre och yttre faktorer, marknadsföring och utveckling inom datorgrafik. Denna studie har baserats på en litteraturstudie samt en kvalitativ studie i form av djupgående intervjuer med sex frilansare inom branschen. Resultat har visat på att några av de intervjuade marknadsför sig genom hemsida. Nätverkande menade de flesta på var viktigt och kunder får man ofta via kontakter. De flesta intervjuade tycker att det är viktigt att ha social kompetens och talang. Många av de intervjuade menar på att det är lätt att följa med i utvecklingen av teknik och programvara och gör detta genom att läsa bloggar, tidningar och granska branschspecifika nyhetshemsidor. De skillnader jämfört med andra branscher jag har konstaterat utifrån intervjuresultatet till skillnad från litteraturen är hur viktigt det är att ha talang och stor social kompetens. Under analysen så påvisades likheter med litteraturen att man som frilansare bör vara duktig på att kommunicera, problemlösning och kunna hålla sig lugn i stressade situationer. Skillnaden mellan andra branscher är framförallt vikten av talang och social kompetens. Slutsatsen man kan dra är att frilansande inom datorgrafikbranschen skiljer sig i vissa avseenden från andra branscher.

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  • 18984.
    Persson, Agneta
    et al.
    Anthesis Enveco AB.
    Wahtra, Julia
    Anthesis Enveco AB.
    Persson, Rebecka
    Anthesis Enveco AB.
    Wallhagen, Marita
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Eriksson, Åsa
    Ekologigruppen.
    ETT TAK – FEM MÖJLIGHETER: Marknadsdriven utveckling av ekosystemtjänster2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Forskning visar att förutsättningarna för många ekosystemtjänster har försämrats radikalt. Detta trots att det finns stora vinster, för såväl fastighetsägare som samhället i stort, med att stärka tillhandahållandet av ekosystemtjänster. Det finns ett relativt stort engagemang från myndigheters och kommuners sida när det gäller arbete för att stärka och bevara ekosystemtjänster, men gällande implementering finns det mycket kvar att göra. Exempelvis är kravställningarna inte harmonierade och saknar ”botten upp-perspektiv” där fastighetsägare kan se sig som naturliga aktörer. Denna förstudie har genomförts för att skapa bättre förutsättningar för en marknadsdriven utveckling av ekosystemtjänster i fastighetsbranschen. I studien har ett konkret fastighetsperspektiv kopplats till åtgärder för ekosystemtjänster. I arbetet har följande fem typer av koncepttak för främjande av ekosystemtjänster utvecklats: 

    • Vattentaket
    • Odlingstaket
    • Energitaket'
    • Biologisk mångfaldstaket
    • Rekreationstaket

    För vart och ett av dessa fem koncepttak har en analys genomförts avseende tillhandahållandet av ekosystemtjänster, drivkrafter och hinder för fastighetsägare samt vilka ekologiska och ekonomiska bidrag taken kan ge. Den ekonomiska analysen har fokuserat på såväl ekosystemtjänsternas samhällsekonomiska bidrag som deras inverkan på fastighetsekonomiska aspekter  Analysen av ekosystemtjänsternas samhällsekonomiska bidrag genomfördes med hjälp av en bred litteraturgenomgång av tidigare studier på området. Såväl publicerat material som information från företag och branschorganisationer undersöktes. Litteraturgenomgången resulterade i en kartläggning av befintliga skattningar och schablonvärden som kan användas för att värdera samhällsnyttan från ekosystemtjänster i ekonomiska termer, både för de fem koncepttaken, men också i andra analyser av ekosystemtjänster på gröna tak.  Utöver detta har en fallstudie för kvarteret Siv i centrala Uppsala genomförts. Här ska en ny byggnad med en kombination av kontor och hotell byggas, och ett förslag på grönt tak baserat på de fem koncepttak som har utvecklats inom projektet har arbetats fram. För att visa på värdet av den nytta som takets ekosystemtjänster väntas generera har resultaten från litteraturgenomgången använts. Nyttorna relaterar bl.a. till undvikta kostnader från föroreningar i dagvatten, minskade kostnader för klimatkyla för lokaler och ökat välbefinnande för människor genom socialt umgänge och ”stadsgrönt”. Resultaten visar att lågt skattat ligger ekosystemtjänsternas samhällsekonomiska värde för denna fallstudie i intervallet 1,5 - 6,5 miljoner kronor per år (inklusive ett engångbelopp på upp till 0,5 miljoner kronor). Anledningen till att värdet är lågt skattat är att många ekosystemtjänster inte helt eller delvis har kunnat värderas i ekonomiska termer. Den fastighetsekonomiska analysen genomfördes baserat på intervjuer med aktörer i bygg- och fastighetsbranschen. Fokus för analysen var att undersöka hur anläggning av gröna tak i allmänhet, men för de fem koncepttaken i synnerhet, påverkar fastighetsekonomiska aspekter såsom byggkalkyler, projektering och finansiell avkastning. En central slutsats i analysen är att det är viktigt att planera för gröna tak tidigt i byggprocessen samt att inkludera den kunskap som behövs. Gröna tak kräver i regel multidisciplinära arbetsteam som kombinerar kompetenser inom konstruktion, arkitektur, landskapsarkitektur, biologi, fastighetsekonomi m.m. Med en tidig planering kan de merkostnader som är förknippade med gröna tak minskas eller helt elimineras.  En annan viktig slutsats från detta projekt är att investerings- och underhållskostnaderna varierar mycket beroende på vilken typ av grönt tak som anläggs. För vattentaket som har ett tjockt substratlager och inslag av dammar krävs t.ex. en kraftigare byggnadskonstruktion för att klara de ökade lasterna, medan andra typer av tak inte har detta krav. På motsvarande sätt innebär tillgängliga tak ökade kostnader för underhåll och säkerhetsanordningar såsom räcken, medan icke-tillgängliga tak inte medför denna kostnad. Vid beslut om vilken typ av grönt tak som ska anläggas bör inte bara kostnader utan även respektive taks bidrag till fastighetsekonomisk lönsamhet vägas in, t.ex. uppfyllande av krav på dagvattenfördröjning, attraktivare kontorslokaler eller lägenheter med möjlighet att ta ut högre hyra samt marknadsföringsmässiga värden. Många gröna tak innebär s.k. delade incitament (”split incentives”), dvs. de genererar nytta för såväl den enskilda fastighetsägaren som samhället i stort. Detta bör ses som ett ytterligare argument för att anlägga gröna tak, snarare än ett hinder. Genom att flera fastighetsägare samplanerar sina tak kan även synergieffekter skapas där nyttorna ”spiller över” fastighetsägarna emellan, och de resulterande ekosystemtjänster ökar mer än proportionellt mot arean om flera gröna tak anläggs inom samma område. Beroende på varje enskild byggnads förutsättningar och fastighetsägarens vision finns ett eller flera optimala gröna tak med tillhörande ekosystemtjänster. Det behövs emellertid mer kunskap och verktyg för att öka etableringstakten och skapa en marknadsdriven utveckling av gröna tak. Baserat på de analyser som har gjorts i detta projekt ges flera rekommendationer som ska kunna bidra till att åstadkomma en sådan utveckling. För att öka kunskapen på området rekommenderas ett forum där fastighetsägare och andra relevanta aktörer kan dela med sig av sina kunskaper om planering och anläggning av gröna tak, t.ex. organiserat genom en offentlig aktör. Detta skulle även bidra till ökad samplanering och möjligheter för att skapa synergieffekter. Genom att arbeta vidare med att undersöka hyresgästers preferenser för de ekosystemtjänster som gröna tak tillhandahåller samt att bygga upp kunskap kring dess samhälls- och fastighetsekonomiska värde möjliggörs även för att inkludera värdet av ekosystemtjänster i planering och kalkyler.  Ökad kunskap om vilken typ av värden som genereras med gröna tak kan också skapas med olika former av visualisering. En fördel med en visuell modell är att den även kan tydliggöra sådana värden som inte kan beräknas eller redovisas i monetära termer. I detta projekt har två olika visualiseringsmodeller exemplifierats, en enklare variant i form så kallade ”spindeldiagram” i Excel och en mer avancerad modell med hjälp av verktyget Tableau. Det förslag till grönt tak som inom projektet har arbetats fram för byggnaden i kvarteret Siv i Uppsala har ”omvandlats” till en interaktiv Tableau-illustration där takets olika element och objekt går att klicka på för att få ytterligare information om dessa. Information om de ekosystemtjänster som levereras på de olika delarna av taket fås också genom att klicka på informations-ikonerna på respektive takyta. Digitalisering av information om vilka värden som kan skapas med gröna tak kan underlätta för fastighetsägare att både planera för gröna tak och att göra fastighetsekonomiska och samhällsekonomiska uppskattningar av effekten av att anlägga gröna tak. Digitala verktyg för att synliggöra vilka tak som skulle kunna ha särskilt stor nytta att göras gröna skulle också kunna vara användbara för kommuner och länsstyrelser, exempelvis för att visa var viktiga grönstrukturer och spridningskorridorer finns eller saknas, eller hur mycket gröna tak kan bidra med ekosystemtjänster. För att förenkla för fastighetsägare att arbeta med planering av gröna tak och ekosystemtjänster rekommenderas att ett digitaliserat ”checklistverktyg” tas fram. 

    Verktyget ska kunna användas av fastighetsägare som själv ska kunna laborera med olika typer av gröna tak. Genom att i ett sådant verktyg kunna kombinera olika ”byggklossar”, dvs. koncepttak med olika element, skulle enskilda fastighetsägare kunna se vilka ekosystemtjänster som kan levereras samt vad de fastighetsekonomiska effekterna skulle bli för deras byggnader. Det underlag som har tagits fram inom detta projekt, fem olika koncepttak, analys av bidrag till ekosystemtjänster och fastighetsekonomi och visualiseringsmöjligheter, kan utgöra en startpunkt för utvecklingen av ett sådant digitalt verktyg eller komplement till något redan befintligt verktyg. 

  • 18985.
    Persson, Amanda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Sciences, Caring Science.
    Pihl Kugge, Emil
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Sciences, Caring Science.
    Makars upplevelser av hur livet påverkas av att leva ihop med en person med demens2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 18986.
    Persson, Amanda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Business administration.
    Strömberg, Karolina
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Business administration.
    Varför väljer företag att hyra in personal?: En fallstudie över en svensk tillverkningsindustri.2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim with this study is to explain and search for understanding in why companies chose to hire temporary agency workers, and which pros and cons this bring to the company. Based on the purpose of the study, to search for understandning, a qualitative study suits. The choice fell on doing a qualitative case study. The empirical collection was implemented through semi-structured interviews with ten well selected respondents from the case company.The study doesn’t show any distinct results comparing to previous research. The case company sees other pros and cons then the general research has shown. This could indicate that the reason for hiring extra staff is individual and simply varies from company to company. Another reason could be that it’s another time of living now than when previous research were accomplished.The use of temporary agency workers contains many aspects and this study only refer to some of them. Future research could for example focus on work environment or look further into the costs of hiring staff. It would also be interesting to look att this phenomenon from different point of views, maybe the hired consult or why not the staffing company.

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  • 18987.
    Persson, Anders
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Business and Economic Studies, Business administration.
    Hållbarhetsredovisning i Allmännyttan: Hur redovisas social hållbarhet?2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Titel: Hållbarhetsredovisning i Allmännyttan. Hur redovisas social hållbarhet?

    Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi.

    Författare: Anders Persson

    Handledare: Alice Schmuck

    Datum: 2023 - juni

    Syfte: Syftet med studien är att jämföra och försöka förstå bakgrunden till hur den sociala aspekten av hållbarhet redovisas av de största kommunala bostadsföretagen inom Sveriges Allmännytta. Studien ska på ett övergripande sätt jämföra och analysera hållbarhetsredovisningarna utifrån den sociala dimensionen och dessutom undersöka hur de sociala nyckeltalen rekommenderade av Sveriges Allmännytta (2019) används.

    Metod: Den metod som använts i studien är en kvalitativ textanalys, där texterna som analyserats är tio utvalda kommunala bostadsbolags hållbarhetsredovisningar.

    Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att det behövs fastare riktlinjer för hur social hållbarhet ska redovisas av de kommunala bostadsbolagen i Sveriges Allmännytta. En enhetlig struktur och gemensamma nyckeltal skulle öka transparensen och klargöra hur bolagen fullföljer sitt uppdrag med att skapa en hållbar boendemiljö. Studien har visat att nuvarande rekommenderade sociala nyckeltal inte används i någon större omfattning.

    Examensarbetets bidrag: Den rekommendation som Sveriges Allmännytta ger angående social hållbarhetsredovisning skulle behöva omformuleras till ett krav på medlemsföretagen. Ett krav att den sociala hållbarhetsredovisningen ska följa en viss struktur och redovisa specifika sociala nyckeltal för att öka transparens och jämförbarhet.

    Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Att studera resultat av sociala satsningar samt att formulera en miniminivå gällande krav på social redovisning i Allmännyttan.

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  • 18988.
    Persson, Andreas
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Willoughby, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Factors surrounding relapse rates at a treatment center in Sweden.: A quantitative study with male adolescents.2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study primarily investigated factors which impact abstaining from drugs for adolescent

    men after finishing treatment at a specific treatment center in Sweden. The method chosen for

    this essay was quantitative, using surveys sent to males that finished a treatment period of a

    minimum time of 4 months at this therapeutic community. Of the 83 questionnaires that were

    originally sent, 23 responded. Further, the empirical data was tested in the computer program

    SPSS using gamma and lambda tests obtaining results for the factors to determine whether

    they correlated with one another other. The essay is based upon the theoretical framework of

    the salutogenic perspective, systems theory and therapeutic alliance theory. During this study

    results showed that factors such as relocation, post treatment programs were effective for the

    dis-continued use of drugs.

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  • 18989.
    Persson, Anette
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
    När trädens rotsystem får bestämma: En intervjustudie med en grupp yrkesverksamma inom anläggning av hållbara gröna miljöer.2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    ABSTRACT

    This pilot study examines the knowledge about tree root systems amongst five tree

    planting professionals. The aim is to find out the professionals’ collective knowledge of

    the nature of root systems of various trees used in green areas. Furthermore; to explore

    how the professionals adapt landscaped green areas to the tree root properties in a

    sustainable manner. Questions: Which tree species have special root properties to

    consider and how do the professionals utilize this knowledge? And: How do the

    professionals in general adjust planting according to the root systems of trees in areas to

    create sustainable green environments?

    Interviews with the professionals were performed. Four of the five interviewees

    expressed that they had no root systems in mind when they chose trees to an area.

    However they considered properties such as wet soil, clay soil, sandy soil and the urban

    environment when they decided on the trees for an area. The interviewees discussed 22

    different trees and their root systems and what kind of adaptations in landscaping they

    would make for the special root features to create sustainable tree plantings. As a result

    of the information a list was compiled and the collective knowledge of landscaping

    amongst the professionals was gathered into themes. These themes were then divided in

    to four headings: nutrition, root ball, design and soil conditions. In addition, all of the

    interviewees agreed that the most important thing for tree planting is to select the right

    tree species for the right soil.

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  • 18990.
    Persson, Ann
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Culture Studies, Religious Studies and Educational Sciences.
    Nilsson, Josefin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Culture Studies, Religious Studies and Educational Sciences.
    Fem fritidspedagogers syn på bilskapande som lärande på fritidshemmet2012Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Läroplanen (Lgr11) anser att bild är en viktig del i människors liv när det gäller att lära sig olika saker men även hur människan upplever sig själv och andra. Bild är något vi möter dagligen i våra liv både inom skolan och inom fritidshemmet. Syftet med studien är att analysera och beskriva fem fritidspedagogers syn på planering av estetiska lärprocesser (bild) i verksamheten, utifrån läroplanen (Lgr 11) och forskning. Samt hur fritidspedagoger använder bild för att främja barnens lärande under deras fritidshems tid. Intervjuer utfördes med fem fritidspedagoger på fyra olika fritidshem där frågorna kretsade kring bild som lärande, kommunikationsmedel och utveckling. Frågorna handlar även om fritidspedagogens roll på fritidshemmet och hur de planerar och skapar förutsättningar för en lärande miljö utifrån bilden. Resultatet visar att bild har en stor del i barnens lärande och utveckling.

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    Fem fritidspedagogers syn på bildskapande som lärande på fritidshemmet
  • 18991.
    Persson, Anna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics.
    Nilsson, Laila
    University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics.
    Jämställdhet bland skolledare: en studie i Bollnäs kommun2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to examine if equality exists, due to the parameters salary, education and sickness leave, among the school leaders in the Children- and Education board in Bollnäs municipality.

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  • 18992.
    Persson, Anna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Persson, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Prehospital triage: Faktorer som har betydelse för bedömning och beslut2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning

    Syftet var att beskriva skillnader i triagebeslut som förekommer bland olika personalkategorier samt att beskriva olika vitalparametrars betydelser för triage. En ökad belastning finns idag på den prehospitala akutsjukvården. För att fördela resurserna på bästa sätt, att ge vård inom rimlig tid som är nödvändig för patientens tillstånd, har triage införts. Triage innebär att bedöma och prioritera hur snabbt patienten behöver vård. Litteraturstudien hade en deskriptiv design. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i PubMed och Cinahl samt utifrån funna artiklars referenslistor. Tio artiklar inkluderades i studien. Det har visat sig att triage har viktig inverkan på patientens fortsatta vård. Det förekom skillnader i beslut beroende på vilken personalkategori som utförde triage. De med högre utbildning triagerade patienterna oftare till rätt avancerad vårdnivå. Ålder och vitalparametrarna andningsfrekvens, saturation och medvetandegrad hade inverkan på triagebeslutet. De patienter som undertriagerades visade på högre mortalitet. För att patientsäkerhet skall uppnås måste all sjukvårdspersonal bedöma patienten till rätt triagenivå för att minska lidande och mortalitet. Det finns en uppenbar vinst i att tidigt upptäcka sviktande vitala organfunktioner och följa hur detta utvecklas. All akutsjukvård, både prehospital och hospital vore förtjänt av ett gemensamt och standardiserat triageinstrument.

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  • 18993.
    Persson, Ann-Christine
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology.
    Halvarsson, Anna-Karin
    University of Gävle, Department of Caring Sciences and Sociology.
    Hemodialyspatienters självrapporterande saltvanor2008Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 80 points / 120 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to describe hemodialysis patients self-reporting salt habits associated with cooking and food intake. Furthermore, the purpose was to investigate possible differences in inter Dialyze significant weight gain at low and high self-reported salt consumption. The study was an empirical descriptive study of comparative features and consisted of a convenience sample from two hemodialysis units in southern Norrland. Study group consisted of 37 persons who had been ongoing hemodialysis treatment and their age ranged from 42-86 years. A questionnaire was used in two parts and both parts contained 15 foods. The first part was stated how often the food consumed in a week on the basis of six possible answers. In the second set of salt to the cooking in and / or eating for the food on the basis of four possible answers. Information on age, gender and type of accommodation indicated in the survey and data on weight before and after dialysis was collected from the medical record. The results showed that the study group predominantly consumed foods that have a moderate natural salt content. Half of the study group ate soft bakery bread baked daily and only 16 people at homemade bread less than once a week. Participants put extra salt to all eligible food and salted also on the green salat. There was no difference in inter Dialyze weight gain at the high and low self-reported salt consumption.

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  • 18994.
    Persson, Annelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities.
    Didactic Aspects of Transferred Social Values in Children´s Literature: A Character Analysis Focusing on Adult-Child Power Structures Found in Lois Lowry´s Novel Number the Stars2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this essay was to examine adult-child power structures connected to the main character in Lois Lowry´s novel Number the Stars, to see if they could be found in different levels, and layers of the text. With the focus to see if the novel´s content might correlate to any educational purposes if used when teaching English as a second language in the Swedish upper secondary school. The analysis showed that the novel displayed a didactic intent from the author to introduce ideological social values belonging to the Danish society and the resistance movement in Denmark during the German occupation, between the years of 1940-1945. Furthermore, presumed transference of American values from the author were found in the narrative. The portrayals of these social values in the narrative are done with a display of adult power over children in the narrative, both in the story and towards the novel´s intended readers. The content of the novel could then be used for educational purposes to uncover and discuss aspects of social power through ideology, human values, and human rights, correlating to the English syllabus in Lgr11 regarding "relations and ethical questions", as well as the curricula’s aim to develop the students ability´s to "reflect over living conditions, social and cultural phenomena in different contexts and parts of the world where English is used" (Skolverket 32, 34).

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  • 18995.
    Persson, Annelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
    Förutsättningar till delaktighet: En intervjustudie om idrottslärares syn på grundsärskolelevers förutsättningar till delaktighet i grundskolans idrott och hälsa2014Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna uppsats är att öka kunskapen om idrottslärares arbetssätt med fokus på delaktighet för inkluderade grundsärskolelever i den kommunala grundskolan.

    En kvalitativ halvstrukturerad intervjuform har används med ett systematiskt urval av informanter baserat på grundsärskolelevers deltagande i undervisningen samt en spridning över flera kommuner.

    Resultatet visar att resurser i form av elevassistenter och specialgymnastik saknas i högstadiets idrott och hälsa, enligt lärarna, vilket leder till att en lyckad inkludering för alla grundsärskoleelever i undervisningen inte kan genomföras. Idrottslärarnas arbetssätt för att möjliggöra delaktighet uppgavs bestå av nivåanpassning av aktiviteter, olika aktiviteter att välja bland, fokus på struktur i undervisningen samt konkreta och upprepade instruktioner.

    Slutsatser är att förutsättningarna till delaktighet för grundsärskolelever i högstadiets idrottsundervisning är begränsad. Kommunens resurstilldelning till den enskilda skolan, anses enligt lärarna, avgöra om rätt förutsättningar kan ges till enskilda grundsärskoleelever och till de aktiva idrottslärarna. I och med detta läggs ett stort ansvar på idrottslärarna och deras kunskaper för att utföra inkluderande undervisning och möjliggöra delaktighet.

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  • 18996.
    Persson, Annelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
    Stannar pedagogiken vid tröskeln?: En intervjustudie gällande lärares uppfattningar, erfarenheter och åsikter om utomhuspedagogik2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare i årskurs 1-3 uppfattar och definierar begreppet utomhuspedagogik. Därtill undersöktes hur och i vilken utsträckning denna pedagogik används i lärarnas undervisning samt vilka faktorer som kan påverka användningen. Studien baserades på en kvalitativ forskningsansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer utgjorde metoden och emiprin baserades på lärarnas olika uppfattningar, erfarenheter och åsikter om utomhuspedagogik. Resultatet visar att lärarna definierar begreppet utomhuspedagogik på fem olika sätt. Lärarna upplever att utomhuspedagogiken bidrar till ökad förståelse och djupare kunskapsinlärning hos eleverna eftersom kunskapen sätts in i ett verkligt och konkret sammanhang. Den tillåtande atmosfären som utomhuspedagogiken skapar gör att fler elever blir delaktiga i undervisningen. Utomhuspedagogiken används i varierande omfattning vilket bl.a. beror på lärarnas egna prioriteringar samt bristande kunskaper inom utomhuspedagogik och bristande erfarenheter av utomhusundervisning. Studiens slutsatser är bl.a. att lärarna som har mer utbildning inom utomhuspedagogiken definierar begreppet mer komplext och använder den oftare jämfört med de lärare som inte har någon utbildning inom området. Därför måste lärarna ges möjligheter att utvidga sin kompetens inom det utomhuspedagogiska området eftersom bristande kunskap och erfarenhet gällande att praktisera utomhuspedagogik skapar en osäkerhet och rädsla.  

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  • 18997.
    Persson, Annina H
    et al.
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete.
    Kristoffersson, EleonorÖrebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete.
    Swedish perspectives on private law Europeanisation2017Collection (editor) (Refereed)
  • 18998.
    Persson, Ann-Marie
    University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, Ämnesavdelningen för naturvetenskap.
    Begreppet tryck i grundskolans senare år - en jämförande studie2009Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning

    I detta arbete studerades förklaringsmodeller i fyra olika läroböcker i fysik för grundskolans senare år. Syftet med arbetet var att se vilka olika typer av förklaringsmodeller som fanns i kapitlet om tryck i böckerna samt om vissa förklaringsmodeller var återkommande i flera av böckerna. I detta arbete så gjordes även två enkätundersökningar. Dessa hade som syfte att dels ge kännedom om läromedelförfattarnas motiv och källor till det valda faktainnehållet samt att få en inblick i elevernas uppfattningar av innehållet i deras lärobok. Resultatet av undersökningarna visade att det fanns förklaringsmodeller som återkom i flera av läroböckerna, att läromedelsförfattarna hade gemensamma beröringspunkter i såväl källor som motiv till faktainnehållet samt att det gick att urskilja gemensamma uppfattningar hos eleverna beträffande innehållet i deras lärobok.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 18999.
    Persson, Ann-Sofi
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Johansson, Sandra
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Vem är offer, vem är förövare?: En studie om föreställningar gällande våld i nära relationer inom Socialtjänsten2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Conceptions about domestic violence – who are the victim, who are the perpetrator?

     

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the conceptions social worker, in various units, have of domestic violence, and how their capabilities can be affected by these beliefs. The purpose is answered by two focus group interviews with social workers in Social services. The result showed that men most often associated with the use of violence and women's vulnerability to violence. Men's violence is perceived more severe than women's violence and violence in same-sex intimate relationships, which were connected to gender stereotypes. Help for abused women according to the social workers expression is that she should leave the man, and as a social worker justify that action. It also emerged that aggressors do not want help and to motivate aggressors were not considered as important as to justify female victims. An important conclusion of the study was that the conceptions social worker has are important for the understanding of who are the victims and perpetrators, and the work with perpetrators of violence should emphasize and develops to improve.

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    Johansson och Persson
  • 19000.
    Persson, Berit
    University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics.
    Förändringsarbete inom socialförvaltningen2007Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 points / 15 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report is about changes in an organization. Changes is something that every organization sooner or later is bound to do. In many cases the changes leads to problems and conflicts. I have chosen to study one change process in the home help service of the municipality of Bollnäs. The change process I have chosen to study is about changes in the day-to-day work for the employees at the home help service. Before the change the municipality bought cleaning services from ISS, a cleaning company. After the change the home help service employees are supposed to do the cleaning. The aim with this report is to see how one single change process is carried out in the municipality of Bollnäs.

    I have spread a questionnaire to the employees at the home help service. I personally know some of the employees and that means that I have good access to them. The advantage with that is that they all talk to me and answers my questions; they see me as one of them. The disadvantage with good access is that some of the employees may answer my questions with answer they believe I would hear, instead of what they really think. I have also interviewed and talk to them and to their directors. And finally I have talked to the national trade union, Kommunal.

    The home help service employees and their directors do not agree with each other concerning how this change process was carried out. And they do not agree with each other about the way it was handled. The top directors in the organization believe that this decision is good and that the communications during the process worked well. They do not think that any dissatisfaction has come up. The department directors and the employees at the home help service did not like this decision at all. They believes that they have not been informed and not a part of the discussions before the decision. The national trade union thinks that the new way of working means more heavy moments for their members. The local politicians think that the decision is the best way to go. They had two bad options to choose between, less hands in the care or more work moments for the employees. The first option was not really an option.

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377378379380381382383 18951 - 19000 of 26559
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