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  • 201.
    Karlsson, Anna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Persson, Annelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Tillämpning av mognadsmodellen för ständiga förbättringar på operatörsnivå i tillverkande företag2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Att arbeta med ständiga förbättringar (SF) är en del av många tillverkande företags ledningssystem, men tyvärr är det inte ovanligt att företagen upplever ett gap mellan önskade resultat och det som faktiskt sker. Om anledningarna till detta gap kunde synliggöras skulle insatserna för att vidareutveckla förbättringsarbetet bli lättare att rikta. Att med jämna mellanrum utvärdera arbetet med SF skulle vara ett sätt att synliggöra anledningarna. Trots det så görs det inte i tillräcklig utsträckning och mer forskning om hur ett effektivt mätsystem för SF skulle kunna utformas och implementeras behövs. Vid Centrum för forskning inom innovationsstyrning på universitetet i Brighton har en modell för utvärdering av mognadsgrad gällande arbete med SF tagits fram. Modellens tillhörande självutvärderingsverktyg handlar om att mäta förmågor kopplade till olika nivåer av kulturell mognadsgrad i arbetet med SF. Flera studier visar att verktyget har tillämpats på företagsnivå, men ingen där det tillämpats i produktionen på operatörsnivå. Att utvärdera mognadsgraden gällande SF på operatörsnivå skulle med stor sannolikhet vara värdeskapande för företaget och ge signaler, både på styrkor och svagheter, men också på hot och möjligheter gällande förbättringsarbetet.

    Syftet med denna studie är att på operatörsnivå inom tillverkande företag empiriskt testa, och vid behov anpassa, ett till mognadsmodellen för SF kopplat självutvärderingsverktyg. Utvärderingen genomfördes på ett högpresterande tillverkande företag som är världsledande inom sitt produktsegment. Självutvärderingsverktyget översattes från engelska till svenska och anpassades efter målgruppen, varefter 80 respondenter, från två avdelningar med helt skilda produktionsmetoder och arbetssätt, fick svara. Resultatet visar en mognadsgrad liknande den som andra högpresterande företag fått vid utvärdering på företagsnivå, trots att fokusområdet varit annorlunda, samt att anpassningen av verktyget i denna studie sänkt mognadsgraden. Vidare bör resultatet vara värdefullt för det företag där utvärderingen utförts, även om vissa frågor i utvärderingen visade sig vara osäkra. Avvikande resultat mellan avdelningarna identifierades och bevisades genom signifikanstest och förklarades genom intervjuer på fallstudieföretaget.

    Slutsatsen är att modellens självutvärderingsverktyg kan vara användbar för företag som vill mäta mjuka värden kopplade till en kultur gällande SF. Vidare fyller den ett gap gällande mätsystem för arbete med SF på operatörsnivå. Gällande anpassning av verktyget kan det vara lämpligt att se över utformningen av påståendena då dessa bör vara relevanta för den aktuella målgruppen.

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  • 202.
    Karlsson, Lina
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Siddique, Nishat
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Betydelsen av kulturella skillnader vid IT-outsourcing från Sverige till Indien2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    It has become more common for western companies to try to find development opportunities for their business beyond national borders. This means that global collaboration is introducing new skills and integrating new technology to companies. The increasing demand for technology makes India an attractive choice. The country's engineers have a broad knowledge and create opportunities for companies to gain greater perspective and innovation. Outsourcing to India often entails new challenges, such as differences in culture, communication and organization.  Companies that choose to outsource functions of its business to a distant country that differ in language and culture, often require a lot of dedication and a good communication for a good collaboration between the parties involved in the process.

    We have investigated differences in culture and what influence it has on the outsourcing process and what challenges in communication companies may face when they choose to outsource IT functions to India. 

    In the theoretical part we describe what the past researchers says about outsourcing to India, and the subjects that are important in this form of cooperation. In the empirical part we have investigated how an Indian IT- company, as well as external people with knowledge in the subject area, looks at outsourcing to India and the importance of culture, communication, leadership and knowledge in these contexts.

    The analysis connects the empirical material and theory to see a correlation between the significant factors and its advantages and disadvantages. At an early stage the communication between the parties should be good and the job description should be precise to develop the outsourcing project in right direction.

    Other factors that are considered essential in an outsourcing process are knowledge in leadership and cultural differences. These factors are used to enable the companies who choose to outsource, to use the resources and expertise in an efficient way.

    The conclusion shows that IT outsourcing to India requires preparation and knowledge before you go into cooperation. By adding weight to cultural differences, companies can achieve profitability and a good and long term relationship between the parties.

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  • 203.
    Khalid, Muhammad
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering.
    De la ROsa, Denisse
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering.
    Fikre, Belay
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering.
    Enhancing environmental sustainability in slow fashion apparel industry: risk identification and supply chain mapping of bio-based polymer fibers2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 204.
    Khodaverdi, Niloofar
    et al.
    School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Eng., University of Tehran, Iran.
    Rastiveis, Heidar
    School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Eng., University of Tehran, Iran.
    Jouybari, Arash
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.
    Combination of Post-Earthquake LiDAR Data and Satellite Imagery for Buildings Damage Detection2019In: Earth Observation and Geomatics Engineering, ISSN 2588-4352, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 12-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Earthquakes are known as one of the deadliest natural disasters that have caused many fatalities and homelessness through history. Due to the unpredictability of earthquakes, quick provision of buildings damage maps for reducing the number of losses after an earthquake has become an essential topic in Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Low-accuracy building damage maps waste the time that is required to rescue the people in destructed areas by wrongly deploying the rescue teams toward undamaged areas. In this research, an object-based algorithm based on combining LiDAR raster data and high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) was developed for buildings damage detection to improve the relief operation. This algorithm combines classification results of both LiDAR raster data and high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) for categorizing the area into three classes of “Undamaged,” “Probably Damaged,” and “Surely Damaged” based on the object-level analysis. The proposed method was tested using Worldview II satellite image and LiDAR data of the Port-au-Prince, Haiti, acquired after the 2010 earthquake. The reported overall accuracy of 92% demonstrated the high ability of the proposed method for post-earthquake damaged building detection.

  • 205.
    Kock-Larsen, Therese
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Att bedöma penningtvättsrisker i finansiella företag: risker och riskbedömning i enlighet med den nya penningtvättslagen2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det fjärde penningtvättsdirektivet beskriver i skäl 22 att finansiella verksamheter ska använda ett riskbaserat förhållningssätt, där åtgärder och kontroller som vidtas ska utgå från de identifierade penningtvättsriskerna. Verksamheter ska se till helheten, risker, åtgärder och kontroller, vilket kan representeras genom kundens riskprofil, där kundens användande av produkter och tjänster samt omständigheter i övrigt ska beaktas. Ett evidensbaserat beslutsfattande innebär att verksamheten ska beakta extern information såväl som information som framkommer i den egna verksamheten och vidta åtgärder och implementera kontroller utifrån informationen. Enligt Propositionens 2016/17:173 lagförslag förespråkas genomförande av en allmän riskbedömning där verksamhetsutövare ska identifiera de faktiska riskerna. Verksamheter ska göra en bedömning av penningtvätt- och terrorismfinansieringsrisker utifrån hot, sårbarhet, sannolikhet och konsekvenser av riskens inträffande, och riskerna kan klassificeras genom en låg-, medel- och högriskskala. Det finns flera tillvägagångssätt för genomförande av riskbedömning bland annat riskmatriser eller ESA:s och Wolfsbergsgruppens riktlinjer, där alla har sina fördelar, men även nackdelar i form av aggregeringsproblem, kognitiva bedömningssvårigheter av bland annat sannolikhet och konsekvens, viktningsproblematik för riskfaktorers påverkan samt svårighet i att förstå hur den faktiska penningtvättsrisken påverkar verksamheten. Verksamhetsutövaren ska identifiera verksamhetens riskexponering och ställa penningtvättsriskerna i relation till övriga risker i verksamheten. Det kommande regelverket ställer höga krav på de finansiella aktörerna och det finns svårigheter för verksamheter att förstå hur de ska kunna uppfylla lagkraven. 

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  • 206.
    Koskell, Josephine
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Storck, Charlotte
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Förbättringsarbete för att öka effektivisering av lagerhantering.: En fallstudie om effektivisering av lagerverksamheten hos Östgöta Papper AB2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    It has always been a great importance for organizations to have an efficient material flow process. This is accomplished by focusing on the internal material control, which can lead to increased efficiency and profitability. An inventory has a specific handling time and this also affects the order process time in the material flow. Two factors that impact on order process efficiency are: the structure and design of the warehouse and how high the demand on the products is.

     

    We got the opportunity to execute this study on a whole sales company called Östgöta Papper. The company is located in Linköping since it was established in 1941. Currently, there are possibilities for improving the structure of the order picking operation at Östgöta Papper. Structure of the articles storage location in the warehouse can be improved, which will result in improved inventory management and handling capacity. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to investigate how the existing inventory can be made more effective on the basis of scientific methods of inventory management and order picking. We will also point out how a time- and cost model can be used as a base for savings. Our study is built up on the basis of a case study. This included data collection, interviews, observations and questionnaire. Supporting documents to the collected information includes also literature review, search in textbooks and scientific papers.

     

    Based on the theoretical framework and observations, a number of areas of improvement were identified. The problem areas that were identified are: employees do not know where all the articles are placed in the warehouse, the warehouse is unstructured and the company must update the inventory and discard old articles, the company must have a set standard of routines in orders for employees to be efficient in order picking and closing of orders.

     

    The conclusion of the study is that the company has to focus on the structure of the warehouse, update the inventory and discard old articles, organize the placement of the articles in the warehouse through an ABC-classification so the company can focus on the most important articles. There can be a bigger advantage for the warehouse department to establish goals and remain compliance of our recommendations and do regularly routine follow-ups. 

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  • 207.
    Krondahl, Lisa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Framgångsfaktorer och hinder vid införande av ett nytt varustyrningssystem: - En studie inom Fashion Retail2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In today's competitive business, information technology (IT) is undoubtedly an irreplaceable part of the business. Introducing different types of IT within companies is almost always proceed in a project form. Today, there are well-developed strategies, models and tools for a project manager to use for IT projects, but in spite of that, previous research points to a relatively high error rate. But what do you really mean by a successful and failed IT project? In fact, specific IT projects are often limited to being assessed and followed up only against three parameters: time, budget and results, but fail to follow up on the expected business benefit that may affect the impact targets (impact targets are the objectives that specify the effect of the project expected to give). If the follow-up is not implemented, an uncertainty is created and the expected effects that IT projects will generate are lost.

     

    Another factor in the problem of previous research in IT projects has been found in the perspective of the user. Those who run and manage IT projects must take into account the user's real IT system challenges to optimize the usage. Looking at the specific ease of use of system implementation, the existing literature indicates that it is the biggest challenge in IT projects. Users can resist using the system, which can cause more problems than that the IT project's performance goals are not achieved. Many reasons and factors for failed IT projects are not yet identified.

     

    The purpose of the study is to identify success factors and obstacles to the effective deployment and use of a new product management system within Fashion Retail. The study has been conducted as a qualitative study where a Fashion Retail Company was studied. The Company is considered relevant to the study as they currently carry out one of the largest IT investments in recent years. The Company will introduce a new product management system for two different concepts. The study results in three concrete success factors as well as an identified area where obstacles arise.

     

    Three success factors:

    • The project management strategy Practical Project Management (PPS) Parallel with a change-friendly climate, creates an optimistic view of the introduction of the Product Management System, as well as releasing time to the project manager to eliminate any obstacles along the way.

    • Having users of the Product Management System in most phases through IT projects enhances and optimizes user-friendliness.

    • Let the supplier be seen and treated as a participant in the projects, it can free up time and improving communication between customer and supplier.

     Area of Obstacles:

    An important but out-priority activity in IT projects (mostly due to lack of time) is to follow up and learn between projects as project managers. Here you lose important information and knowledge. How to identify success if follow-up does not happen? In an industry like Fashion Retail, characterized by major seasonal variations, high availability and external factors such as environmental and social responsibility, you depend on IT to share the information. If follow-up is more frequent and carefully, IT projects can be streamlined on time, but also economically with routines and the right actors.

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  • 208.
    Kullab, Ahmad
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
    Barnets bästa som ett mellanbegrepp2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Children are one of the essential parts of society. States strive to ensure that children's needs are met and given their rights. Several laws concerning children in Sweden, such as the Parental Code, the Social Services Act (SoL), and the Act with special provisions on the care of young (LVU). In addition, the Swedish municipalities work through social committees responsible for childcare to provide support and help that families need to provide suitable conditions for children's upbringing and development. When a social committee receives a report of concern or finds out that a child is in a dangerous situation that could lead to injury or affect the child's health, the social committee communicates with the child's parents to give them the advice to resolve the situation voluntarily. However, when there is no possibility of a voluntary solution, the social committee has the power to take involuntary measures and go to court to promote the best interests of the child. The starting point in a child's case is that the child should live with his/her parents, but in some cases, some reasons lead to measures such as placement or restriction of contact if it is in the child's best interests. The concept of the child's best interests is of great importance in matters concerning children. This concept was mentioned in the Parental Code, the Social Services Act, LVU, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and most Swedish publications concerning the child and its rights. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of the child's best interests as a ground- and consequence-open intermediate concept. The analysis's basis is found in the theory of intermediate concepts. Moreover, the study's purpose is to illustrate conflicts of interest that may arise in assessing the child's best interests by exemplifying and analyzing two cases of custody under LVU and showing how decision-makers assess and weigh in such situations. The study confirms that there is no clear general definition of the child's best interests that can be suitable for all children and all cases. Still, it is an intermediate concept that must be determined in each case by assessing many relevant aspects. The study discusses a proposal for an aggregation tree that illustrates what the primary and consequential sides should look like in assessing the child's best interests as an intermediate concept in an individual case. Also, the study shows that the assessment of the child's best interests in the study's case was based on the rights given in CRC and also other rights. These rights were assessed through other sub-aspects.

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  • 209.
    Kumar, Vijay
    et al.
    The Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås.
    Hernández, Nina
    The Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås.
    Jensen, Michelle
    The Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås.
    Pal, Rudrajeet
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. The Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås.
    Deep learning based system for garment visual degradation prediction for longevity2023In: Computers in industry (Print), ISSN 0166-3615, E-ISSN 1872-6194, Vol. 144, article id 103779Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Prolonging garment longevity is a well-recognized key strategy to reduce the overall environmental impact in the textile and clothing sector. In this context, change or degradation in esthetic or visual appeal of a garment with usage is an important factor that largely influence its longevity. Therefore, to engineer the garments for a required lifetime or prolong longevity, there is a need for predictive systems that can forecast the trajectory of visual degradation based on material/structural parameters or use conditions that can guide the practitioners for an optimal design. This paper develops a deep learning based predictive system for washing-induced visual change or degradation of selected garment areas. The study follows a systematic experimental design to generate and capture visual degradation in garment and equivalent fabric samples through 70 cycles in a controlled environment following guideline from relevant washing standards. Further, the generated data is utilized to train conditional Generative Adversarial Network-based deep learning model that learns the degradation pattern and links it to washing cycles and other seam properties. In addition, the predicted results are compared with experimental data using Frechet Inception Distance, to ascertain that the system prediction are visually similar to the experimental data and the prediction quality improves with training process.

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  • 210.
    Kurdia, Ali
    et al.
    Högskolan Dalarna, Borlänge, Sweden.
    Gomes, João
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
    Pius, George
    Ollas, Patrik
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden.
    Olsson, Olle
    Absolicon, Gävle, Sweden.
    Quasi-Dynamic Testing of a Novel Concentrating Photovoltaic Solar Collector According to ISO 9806:20132018In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISES EUROSUN 2018 CONFERENCE - 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLAR ENERGY FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY / [ed] Haberle, A., INTL SOLAR ENERGY SOC , 2018, p. 1262-1273Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Testing and certification of solar thermal collectors has been widely researched and improved over the years, however, many of the developments in the test standards has been focused primarily on generic flat plate collectors. In this study, the focus was on depicting the applicability of the current standard in characterizing the performance of a novel concentrating solar collector of design. The applicability of the Quasi-Dynamic Testing (QDT) method for collector certification, by the ISO 9806:2013, is studied to be used in characterizing the novel concentrating PVT collector, and to point out the weaknesses observed, and essential additions required.

  • 211.
    Kushnin, R.
    et al.
    Riga Technical University, Latvia.
    Semenjako, J.
    Riga Technical University, Latvia.
    Shestopalov, Yury
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mathematics.
    Viduzs, A.
    Riga Technical University, Latvia.
    Two-Slab High Sensitivity Technique for Measurement of Permittivity of a Dielectric Slab in a Rectangular Waveguide2018In: 2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama), 2018, p. 176-183Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present paper an approach to reduce uncertainty in the measurement of the dielectric constant of a rectangular dielectric slab situated in a rectangular waveguide is discussed. The experimental model under consideration consists of two rectangular full height and full width slabs located in an otherwise empty section of a rectangular waveguide. The dielectric constant of one of these slabs is to be measured, while the dielectric constant of the other slab is known (measured with high accuracy in advance). The slab with known constitutive properties is introduced for the purpose of altering the shape of the curve representing the relationship between the absolute value of the reflection coefficient and the dielectric constant to be measured, since curves having larger steepness in the neighborhood of the actual value of the dielectric constant result in smaller values of uncertainty. Although it is possible to change the shape of the curve by varying sample parameters, an increase in steepness obtained this way is not always sufficient. Furthermore, it is not always possible or convenient to alter dimensions of the sample under test and/or frequency. The results of the present study show that this issue can be overcome by extending the experimental model, i.e., by introducing an auxiliary dielectric slab with known constitutive properties. Additionally, it is shown that under certain conditions it is always possible to increase the steepness of the curve in the range of values in which the value of the dielectric constant is expected to fall, by varying the thickness of the auxiliary slab and distance between the slabs. The efficiency of the proposed approach is confirmed by results of numerical modeling.

  • 212.
    Käck Nauclér, Johan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Sandberg, Peter
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Problem och förbättringsåtgärder för termisk komfort och energi på en glasbyggnad i Gävle – en fallstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There was a lot of construction of buildings with glazed facades during the 90 ́s. The architects wanted to show a design that was airy, bright, transparent and that had a good availability of natural daylight. However there is a problem with these build- ings because they have a high energy consumption and bad thermal comfort.

    In this case study a glass building in Gävle called Bråbänken was studied, which at the moment has problems with thermal comfort according to the occupants who complained about it being to hot in the summer and to cold in the winter. Further- more the energy consumption for the building was high because it was poorly insu- lated and had high solar radiation. The study aimed at addressing these problems by creating a thermal model of the building in the energy simulation program IDA-ICE and then study different improvements by changing the input values for various components of the model.

    The results of the simulations showed that by reducing the solar radiation through solar film and screen fabrics improved the thermal comfort in the summer but mar- ginally deteriorated it in the winter. The annual energy consumption was reduced by minimizing the use of energy for heating in the winter and of cooling in the sum- mer.

    The conclusion was that a combination of non-metallic solar film on walls and screen fabrics on the roof is the best solution to improve the thermal comfort and energy consumption for the glass building Bråbänken.

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  • 213.
    Kärna, Päivi
    et al.
    Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland.
    Sammalisto, Kaisu
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Sorvari, Jaana
    Aalto University, Aalto, Finland.
    Aarrevaara, Eeva
    Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland.
    Sergienko, Olga
    ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
    Autio, Sakari
    Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland.
    Learning sustainability in an intercultural way – Case ERREC2016In: Lahti Cleantech Annual Review 2016 / [ed] Kirsti Cura, Lahti: Lahti University of Applied Sciences , 2016, Vol. 24, p. 62-70Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    During the year 2016, Lahti University of Applied Sciences coordinated the ERREC - Environmental Responsibility and Resource Efficiency of Companies project, which aims at starting and strengthening the cooperation between Finnish, Russian and Swedish universities around the topic of environmental sustainability of companies. The activities of the project included two workshops with companies, an intensive week, guest lectures and project meetings. The partners were interested to join the project because of the opportunity to learn from each other and develop cooperation with their neighboring countries. The partners of the project are Lahti University of Applied Sciences (Finland), ITMO University (Russia), NOvSU University (Russia), University of Gävle (Sweden) and Aalto University (Finland). Each partner has its own education and research profile. This provides a fruitful starting point for the cooperation that is important for the countries around the Baltic Sea.

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  • 214.
    Lagerqvist, Anton
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
    Decision Support in Shared Decision-Making for Patient-Centered Care2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Healthcare decisions should be evidence-based and patient-centered. Patient-centered care is about providing quality care with the patient as the focus. The provider has to incorporate the patient’s values, preferences, and objectives into the clinical decision. Traditionally, clinical decisions were made by the provider alone. Healthcare decisions are complex, due to the multiple objectives and potential serious outcomes, making it difficult for the provider to facilitate shared decision-making with the patient. Decision support software can assist with decision-making, by letting the patient incorporate their preferences and perform the decision analysis. Annalisa is a decision support software that has been developed for this purpose. The objective of this thesis is to analyze Annalisa, from a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) perspective and to discuss the tool’s ability to assist with healthcare decisions in a patient-centered care setting. Annalisa’s elements and method were reviewed, using information from the developers. The input data and results from two healthcare studies using Annalisa were used to analyze the tool from a MCDA and patient-centered care perspective and discuss the tool’s ability to provide aid in healthcare decisions. The tool’s method of simple additive weighting (SAW) was compared to the expected utility function using a decision tree. The developers of Annalisa focused on the simplicity and ease of use, rather than creating a new kind of decision support tool. The two example studies indicated problems with the tool’s ability to incorporate the patient’s preferences and values. However, considering that one of the goals with using a decision aid software in healthcare is to assist with decision analysis after the patient has been presented with the information in the traditional healthcare decision guide, Annalisa makes an interesting attempt to provide aid in that next step of the decision-making process.

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    Decision Support in Shared Decision-Making for Patient-Centered Care Anton Lagerqvist
  • 215.
    Lagovsky, B. A.
    et al.
    Russian Technological University (MIREA), Moscow, Russia.
    Samokhin, A. B.
    Russian Technological University (MIREA), Moscow, Russia.
    Shestopalov, Yury V.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Mathematics.
    Regression Methods of Obtaining Angular Superresolution2019In: 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC), New Dehli: IEEE, 2019, article id 8738539Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    New methods of signal processing based on nonlinear regression methods are presented. They allow us to restore images of individual objects of group targets with superresolution at signal-to-noise ratios that are significantly lower than those provided by the known methods.

  • 216.
    Lakemond, Nicolette
    et al.
    KITE, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Laursen, Keld
    DRUID, Department of Innovation and Organizational Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
    Tell, Fredrik
    KITE, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Match and manage: the use of knowledge matching and project management to integrate knowledge in collaborative inbound open innovation2016In: Industrial and Corporate Change, ISSN 0960-6491, E-ISSN 1464-3650, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 333-352Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite mounting evidence on the potential benefits of inbound open innovation, little is known about how firms purposefully manage inflows of knowledge. We investigate the use of two knowledge governance procedures—project management and knowledge matching—in collaborative inbound open innovation. Our findings suggest that, in addition to “knowledge-precursors,” which the literature on open innovation and absorptive capacity has shown to be important for the integration of external knowledge, the firm’s choice of knowledge governance matters for innovation performance.

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  • 217.
    Lakemond, Nicolette
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Laursen, Keld
    Copenhagen Business School.
    Tell, Fredrik
    Linköpings universitet.
    The role of knowledge governance in open innovation2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 218.
    Lanca, Miguel
    et al.
    Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon University, Portugal.
    Gomes, João
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
    Hayati, Abolfazl
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
    Numerical Simulation of the Thermal Performance of Four Concentrating Collectors with Bifacial PV Cells2018In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISES EUROSUN 2018 CONFERENCE - 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLAR ENERGY FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY / [ed] Haberle, A., INTL SOLAR ENERGY SOC , 2018, p. 810-821Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bifacial photovoltaic cells can produce electricity from the incoming solar radiation on both sides. Used in combination with concentrating solar technology, bifacial photovoltaic cells can see its electrical output further augmented, thus decreasing the cost per kWh. It is known, however, that the efficiency reduction when these cells are exposed to increased temperatures is a relevant factor. This can happen, for example, when they are mounted on a glassed collector or receiver. In this study, a thermal analysis is carried out on four prototypes of concentrating collectors with bifacial PV cells. Results show that, as expected, when glass and gables are removed from the collector, much better heat dissipation is achieved, thus resulting in favorable cell operation conditions.

  • 219.
    Landell, Hanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    The Risk Matrix as a tool for risk analysis: How to apply existing theories in practice in order to overcome its limitations2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Risk assessments which are part of the risk management process implies a systematic identification of risks and judgments of risk levels and are often used to create a foundation for decisions how to handle risks. Risk matrices are widely used as a tool within risk assessments. A number of articles have lately pointed out some weaknesses with the risk matrix, but also how it could be improved and how the weaknesses could be avoided. This paper describes how accepted theories have been applied in practical action in order to overcome the limitations of the risk matrix and improve the way of working with risk analyses within the studied organization. Despite the limitations the study finds the risk matrix to be a useful tool, but it should not be used in isolation and complementary techniques and tools are required.

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  • 220.
    Landell, Mathias
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Animeinspirerad spelgrafik och rendering2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Tv-spel är ett fenomen som ständigt expanderar och utvecklas med tiden, även visualiseringsmöjligheterna för denna typ utav interaktiva underhållning uppdateras kontinuerligt, vilket möjliggör att man idag inte måste begränsa sig till att skapa spel i 2D-miljö utan även 3D är möjligt. Oavsett vilka dimensioner man grundar ett spel på så är design och stil något utav det viktigaste i helhetsupplevelsen, inte enbart för att spelet ska stå ut ur mängden men också ge ett individuellt intryck och gynna spelupplevelsen. Information och hänvisningar inom vanligare stilar som exempelvis ”realistisk spelgrafik” går oftast lätt att hitta, men hur är det då med andra stilar som den japanska ”anime stilen”? en vanligt förekommande stil i japansk kultur och tv-spel. Även om denna stil är vanligt förekommande inom tv-spel så saknas det information och hänvisningar hur man kan återskapa denna form av spelgrafik på ett bra vis, kanske för att stilen härstammar från Japan samt språket har varit en faktor i varför det är svårt att finna riktlinjer samt information inom detta område? Denna studie tar upp hur man kan designa en animekaraktär för att sedan bygga upp den i 3D och avslutningsvis rendera karaktären i en spelmotor med anpassad shader. Studien resulterade i en spelapplikation för PC där man kan granska en animekaraktär som renderas i realtid.

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  • 221.
    Larsson, Gunilla
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Inköpsfunktionens skicklighet och dess effekter i organisationer2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning

    Det är svårt för företag att konkurrera i dagens föränderliga värld där globalisering och ny teknologi driver på vikten av att vara konkurrenskraftig. Företagsledare har insett vikten av att ha en väl fungerande supply chain, där inköpare har visat sig spela en väldigt stor roll. Det är en av orsakerna till att inköpsfunktionen gått från att vara en ren administrativ funktion, till att vara mer strategisk. De behöver hantera en mängd olika processer och ta många viktiga beslut, som har betydelse för hela organisationen. Om skickligheten hos inköparna har betydelse för hur processerna och besluten hanteras, kan det i sin tur påverka hela organisationen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om inköpare med högre skicklighet påverkar hela organisationens resultat positivt.

    Arbetet har genomförts med hjälp av svaren från en internationell enkätundersökning (IPS), för att analysera om skickliga inköpare integrerar (samarbetar lättare och bättre) med övriga funktioner, om hög status automatiskt följer skickligheten, samt om de har en positiv påverkan på hela organisationens resultat. Resultatet från korrelationsanalyserna visar att när inköpare är skickliga har de ofta en högre status inom företaget samt att de integrerar bättre. Analyserna visar inget signifikant samband mellan skickligheten hos inköp och företagsresultatet, vilket teorin antyder att det finns, men vid analys på kategorinivå uppmättes ett samband. Lite forskning finns på inköps betydelse och mätsystemen är inte alltid utvecklade så att de mäter prestationen där den uppstår, vilket kan förklara varför inget samband uppmättes vid analyserna mellan skickligheten hos inköpsfunktionen och företagsresultatet. Slutsatsen är att inköpsfunktionen påverkar organisationens resultat positivt, men det är svårt att se deras positiva medverkan till företagets slutresultat, eftersom det är svårt att mäta varje prestation där den uppstår. Det ger implikationen att bättre, mer specifika mätsystem bör utvecklas för att inköpsfunktionen ska få det stöd som de behöver.

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  • 222.
    Lazzarotti, Valentina
    et al.
    LIUC Universita Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy.
    Manzini, Raffaella
    LIUC Universita Cattaneo, Castellanza, Italy.
    Pellegrini, Luisa
    Universita di Pisa, Italy.
    Rippa, Pierluigi
    Universita degli Studi di Napoli, Italy.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Current practices of European Open Innovators2015In: R&D Management Conference 2015: Book of abstracts, RADMA , 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 223.
    Lee, Tzong-Ru
    et al.
    National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
    Sinnarong, Nirote
    College of Social Science and ManagDepartment of Applied Economics, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
    Hsu, Yi-Hsiang
    College of Social Science and Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
    Lan, Hsiang-Ying
    RheiniNational Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
    Yeh, Ching-Hua
    Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
    Hilletofth, Per
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production. Jönköping University, School of Engineering, Department of industrial engineering and management.
    The sequence of strategies when establishing Taiwanese restaurant in Thailand2021In: European Business Review, ISSN 0955-534X, E-ISSN 1758-7107, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 181-203Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem faced by many Taiwanese restaurant owners who trying to set up their shops in Thailand.

    Design/methodology/approach

    Two surveys were conducted in this study. The first interview questionnaire was designed using the factors proposed by Parasuraman et al. (1988, 1991) and given to restaurant owners/managers who successfully set up shops in Thailand. The second questionnaire was constructed specifically for Thai consumers.

    Findings

    Gray relational analysis (GRA), theory of inventive problem-solving (teoriya resheniya izobreatatelskikh zadatch, TRIZ) and interpretive structural model (ISM) were used to identify potential difficulties and to determine the key factors impacting the shop establishment and development in Thailand. The results provide a set of strategic sequence when launching restaurant in Thailand.

    Originality/value

    A result of GRA determined 14 important factors that influence customer perception of quality service. A TRIZ analytic process provided 17 strategies when setting up overseas shop and the ISM class diagram shown the three phases needed to be considered before restaurant owners can set up shops abroad. The three phases are construction, operation and competition phases. These set of strategies sequence when launching a restaurant in Thailand.

  • 224.
    Leiseder, Karl
    et al.
    HafenCity University Hamburg.
    Shoushtari, Hossein
    HafenCity University Hamburg.
    Willemsen, Thomas
    HafenCity University Hamburg.
    Bagherbandi, Mohammad
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.
    Sternberg, Sternberg
    HafenCity University Hamburg.
    UBI-T: Smart Surveying Instrument Using Ubiquitous Computing Concept2021Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 225.
    Li, Guobin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Third party logistics development: An investigation of factors influencing third party logistics companies’ success in China based on two case studies2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    China has undergone rapid economic development. The growth has led to rapid development of logistics industries, especially the third party logistics (3PL) business. Many international 3PL companies have entered this market. Although some Chinese 3PL companies have used information technologies to effectively improve their financial performance, most of Chinese local providers are not competitive enough to increase their market share. With the increasing fierce competition, it is not enough for the Chinese 3PL companies to focus on cost, but also to improve their operational performance and added values. Therefore, it is important for these companies to learn from some competitive and successful companies so that they can explore a way to develop their business. This study focuses on two successful 3PL companies in China and explores the factors influencing these companies’ success. They are Anji logistics and APL logistics. Through conducting secondary and interview research, it is found that the first one has cost advantages and the second one has value advantages. Information technology systems and at least one competitive operations performance are both important to these companies’ success. Besides that, it is found that Anji Logistics’ success is also related to strategic alliance, while APL Logistics’ success is also related to customer service and human resource. These two companies should learn from each other because the industry will become more intensively competitive and both cost and value advantages are important to the success in the future.

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  • 226.
    Li, Yingli
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Ye, Heshan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    How to achieve a strategic sustainable supply chain management (SSCM)?: A case study of Swedish Global enterprise in wire and cable industry-Habia Cable2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of sustainability has become a buzzword in today’s business marketplace. Particularly, the incorporation of sustainability into Supply Chain Management (SCM) has received a great deal of attention from companies of all sizes and even involved a wide range of industries in recent years. Meanwhile, Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) has been highlighted by academic and corporations. With SSCM, more enterprises have benefited from being sustainable in their daily operations. Although research has made contributions, there is still a lack of understanding on how to achieve sustainable development in SCM. Therefore, the overall purpose of this research is to find out the key success factors for implementing the strategic SSCM. To achieve this target, it is necessary to identify appropriate indicators to measure the sustainable activities and figure out the relationship that combined social and environmental dimensions with supply chain activities. This research focused on Swedish global company. Both summaries of literature review and findings of the case company were analyzed to satisfy the research purpose, as a result, definition of sustainability, implementations in SSCM, and the relationship between sustainability and SCM that are based on the actual situations of the case company were presented. After that, five key success factors for implementing the strategic SSCM have been concluded: (1) SSCM needs to be ensured as a strategy within long-term consideration; (2) Standard management system needs to be complied with daily operations; (3) Communication with stakeholders needs to be increased in the supply chain; (4) Respect for human rights, and provide safety working environment; (5) Control resources usage and reduce negative emission to the environment. Accomplish of this research, on the one hand, it clarified the relationship between sustainability and SCM; on the other hand, it also deepened knowledge about how to achieve a strategic SSCM based on an empirical study in wire and cable manufacturing industry.

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  • 227.
    Lif, Zophie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Måttligt mätt?: En undersökning av olika sätt att operationalisera folkhälsa2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study has examined measurement of public health through the perspective of measurement theory and theory of value. The purpose was to increase the knowledge regarding operationalization of public health. The method of the study was an analysis of three organizations’ way of operationalizing public health – Folkhälsomyndigheten (The Swedish Public Health Authority, FHM), The World Health Organization (WHO), and The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The result of the study shows that there is a distinct difference between the organizations regarding choice of determining factors and indicators. The study confirms earlier research regarding the difficulties of measuring public health, and visualizes what consequences decisions regarding the execution of the measurements can bring.

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  • 228.
    Lillesve, Peter
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Analysis of Energy Saving Proposals at St. Louis County Jail2010Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The goal of this project was to evaluate three main proposals, by the Property Management Department (PMD) of St. Louis County, which the department hoped would reduce energy consumption at their Duluth Jail facility. This particular facility was opened in 1995 and houses approximately 170 inmates. Despite its relatively new construction, the building produces some of the highest utility bills of all of the County’s buildings.

    The proposals put forth by the PMD were the following: to reduce natural gas consumption by using solar water heating for the domestic hot water; to reduce heating and cooling costs by enclosing a light well which is currently open to the sky with a transparent, insulated roof; and to utilize a white roof to reduce cooling demand during the summertime.

    The solar water heating proposal was evaluated by determining the energy the solar system could provide annually and comparing these energy- and monetary savings to the cost of the system. Two solar options were evaluated; one system with 20 collectors and another with 50. Both systems also included condensing boilers to provide supplementary heating during times of low solar output. The annual savings of the 20- and 50 collector systems were 128 and 173 MWh, respectively. This led to a payback period of approximately 17 years for the 20 collector system and 16 years for the 50 collector system.

    Enclosing the open light well, which is an open area inside the perimeter of the building which is designed to give rooms on the inside of the building natural daylight, was evaluated by performing an energy flow analysis comparing the existing condition with one in which a roof topped the well. This involved calculating the U-values of the walls before the skyroof and then using heating and cooling degree days to determine the heat flows through the walls. The enclosed light well was evaluated by performing an energy balance on the well to determine the temperature of the enclosed well. This temperature could then be used to calculate the heat flow through the enclosed light well’s walls. The difference in these heat flows between the two options was then converted to an economic cost to evaluate a payback period. Two grades of Kalwall-brand insulation were evaluated; the “Nanogel” grade and a mid-range grade. The Nanogel-enclosed light well reduced the heating demand by 16 MWh but increased the cooling load by 9 MWh, while the mid-grade enclosed well decreased the heating load by 11 MWh but increased the cooling load by 4 MWh. These added up to net annual savings of $650 for the Nanogel roof and $470 for the mid-grade skyroof. However, the investment costs were so high that the payback periods were between 450 and 550 years.

    Two white roofing options were considered and corresponded to a newly installed roof and one that had weathered for 3 years, thereby reducing its reflectivity. These options were evaluated by determining the mean monthly roof temperatures throughout a typical year and calculating the heat flows through the roofs based on these temperatures. The temperatures were determined by performing a heat balance on the roofs’ surfaces and considering the solar radiation incident on the roofs. The heat flows with the existing black colored roof and the proposed white roofs were thencompared and converted into heating and cooling costs. The white roofs led to summertime air-conditioning savings but created more wintertime heat losses and therefore caused net annual energy cost increases of $560 and $240 for the new and weathered roofs, respectively.

    The recommendations therefore were to implement the solar thermal system but not the other two proposals. Other areas which might benefit from additional investigations include lighting efficiency improvements, water use reductions, and replacement of the existing boilers with either more efficient natural gas units or wood-pellet/biomass boilers.

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    Energy_Savings_SLC_Jail
  • 229.
    Lim, Nancy Joy
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.
    Brandt, S. Anders
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.
    Flood map boundary sensitivity due to combined effects of DEM resolution and roughness in relation to model performance2019In: Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, ISSN 1947-5705, E-ISSN 1947-5713, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 1613-1647Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In comprehending flood model results, we performed sensitivity analyses and evaluated how different combinations of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution and Manning’s roughness affect flood maps produced from a 2D hydraulic model. Moreover, we analysed how the estimation of accuracy can further be influenced by the performance measure and the area’s topography. Various combinations of DEM and Manning’s n produced different results, in terms of quantified performance in relation to actual flood extent and the generated flood boundaries. High-resolution DEMs performed better with higher Manning’s n, while lower n values were better for lower resolution DEMs. Furthermore, although lower resolution DEMs (25 and 50 m) received higher quantified performances, there are more discrepancies in the flood maps and water surface elevations (WSE) produced by them. The current statistical estimators of model performance do not necessarily provide an accurate estimate of which combination of DEM resolution and roughness are more suitable for application to modelling. Different statistical estimates have different assumptions, which can affect the model selection. Therefore, a more holistic approach towards model selection should be adopted that gives equal importance to statistical estimators, as well as the quality of flood inundation extents.

  • 230.
    Lindblad, Jenny
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Selander, Emilia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Kvalitetskritiskt material: En fallstudie på Hitachi Energy Power Transformers2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, a significant increase in electricity consumption has been reported. Consequently, the products and components related to power grids are increasingly demanded in the market. How to ensure the product quality and control the manufacturing cost simultaneously is obviously important for the relevant industries.

     

    The purpose of this thesis was going to implement a case study at a transformer manufacturing company and develop a working model that helps the company map its most quality-critical materials and identify hidden quality defect costs. Several research questions were formulated and being answered in order to realize the purpose. Data analysis, interviews, literature studies and observation have been used to conduct the case study. 

     

    A working model has been developed in this study after a detail analysis of the deviation reporting system used by the case company. Cost and Number of error reports have been identified as the main factors that can be important for mapping the most quality-critical materials in the case company. A conceptual model has also been created for describing the preliminary work before the actual mapping and the follow-up work.

     

    The theoretical contribution of this study is the proposed conceptual working model on quality-critical materials and the working model that describes how the mapping of quality-critical materials can be carried out. The company considers the assignment fulfilled, and several improvement suggestions have also been presented, thus providing the practical contribution.

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  • 231.
    Linder, Robert
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Offentlig upphandling av medarbetarundersökningar - analys av förfrågningsunderlag och kravspecifiktioner2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    En statlig myndighet, en kommun, ett landsting, ett statligt eller kommunalt bolag som vill upphandla en medarbetarundersökning kan välja det anbud som är ekonomiskt mest fördelaktigt, vilket innebär en sammanvägning av kvalitet och pris. Beställaren måste besluta sig för vilka kvalitetskriterier som är relevanta och hur kvaliteten ska mätas. Av det förfrågningsunderlag som en beställare skickar ut vid en upphandling ska bedömningskriterierna framgå. En potentiell leverantör ska kunna avgöra om det är mödan värt att delta i konkurrensen. Sextio upphandlingar av medarbetarundersökningar under åren 2009-2012 har undersökts och det förs en diskussion om hur kvaliteten mätts, och om de skalor som använts vid mätningarna är lämpliga för ändamålet. Granskningen visar bland annat att kvalitetskrav och tilldelningskriterier ofta lämnar ett stort utrymme för tolkningar och att det sällan är tydligt hur anbuden kommer att bedömas.

     

     

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    Offentlig upphandling av medarbetrundersökningar
  • 232.
    Linder, Susanne
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
    Kvalitet i förskola och skola: En beslutsanalytisk granskning av Skolinspektionenskvalitetsgranskning2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the Swedish Schools Inspectorate quality audits is to monitor the quality in schools and to contribute to professional development by highlighting important areas. Since the autumn of 2018 the quality audits cover four areas within the school system: instruction, principal leadership, assessment, security and disruptions in instructions. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the Swedish Schools Inspectorate quality audits from a decision theoretical perspective, focusing on quality assessment as an aggregation problem. An interest is directed towards what can be problematic in assessments of multi-dimensional concepts and the tool used to visualize the structure of such concepts is aggregation trees. One of the four audit areas, principal leadership is used as an ongoing example to discuss the aggregation of partial assessments to four different levels. The analysis focuses on the structure of the aggregation problem and the principles of quality assessments used by the Swedish Schools Inspectorate. Based on how the quality audits are described in the Swedish Schools Inspectorate's instructions, this work concludes that there may be a reason to assume that the aggregation is partly of a different nature at different levels, but that the instructions do not allow an equally detailed analysis of the aggregation at all levels. For this reason, it is difficult to draw conclusions based on the Swedish Schools Inspectorate's instructions, as to whether it is a so-called condition-based aggregation, or if it is a value-difference-based model of aggregation or possibly a mixture of the two that takes place. The essay describes how the overall audit and the decision-making process is carried out, ambiguities in the Swedish Schools Inspectorate's assessment principles are exemplified, and the possibility of using the partial assessments in the various aspects to achieve a more nuanced feedback to the audited schools is discussed.

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  • 233.
    Lisstorp, Mattias
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
    Beslutsanalytiska angreppssätt vid kollektivtrafikutveckling: Tillämpning av swing weighting och even swap2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Kollektivtrafiken har en viktig roll att fylla i strävan mot ett hållbart samhälle. Kol-lektivtrafiken har många intressenter och genom att kollektivtrafiken ska inriktas mot att uppfylla olika mål, som i många fall går stick i stäv med varandra, så krävs att besluten om hur en rutt ska trafikeras föregås av olika avvägningar. Det här arbetet applicerar analytiska angreppssätt för beslutsfattande på en förändring som genomfördes i stadstrafiken i Ronneby hösten 2018.

    Syftet med arbetet är att applicera swing weighting och even swap på beslutsproblemet att förändra stadsbusstrafiken i Ronneby. Vidare är syftet att jämföra utfallen från de två angreppssätten med varandra och med det verkliga valet och undersöka om det finns skillnader mellan dem.

    Studien har bedrivits som en fallstudie och metodiken för undersökningarna har bland annat varit workshoppar och gruppintervjuer. I workshopparna har deltagarna från trafikhuvudmannen fått jämföra tre alternativ mot varandra med swing weighting och even swap samt fått ge kommentarer på hur de upplevde de analytiska angreppssätten.

    Resultaten från workshopparna visade att både swing weighting och even swap ger samma rekommendationer för vilket alternativ som är det bästa samt ger samma preferensordning mellan alternativen. Det alternativ som rekommenderades av de analytiska angreppssätten var även det som valdes vid den verkliga beslutssituationen. Bland deltagarna vid workshopparna uppfattades swing weighting som ett bättre och enklare analytiskt angreppssätt än even swap och deltagarna uppfattade även att analytiska angreppssätt kunde vara komplement vid förarbeten vid kollektivtrafikutveckling.

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  • 234.
    Liu, Fei
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Computer science. Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Seipel, Stefan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Computer science. Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Precision study on augmented reality-based visual guidance for facility management tasks2018In: Automation in Construction, ISSN 0926-5805, E-ISSN 1872-7891, Vol. 90, p. 79-90Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One unique capability of augmented reality (AR) is to visualize hidden objects as a virtual overlay on real occluding objects. This “X-ray vision” visualization metaphor has proved to be invaluable for operation and maintenance tasks such as locating utilities behind a wall. Locating virtual occluded objects requires users to estimate the closest projected positions of the virtual objects upon their real occluders, which is generally under the influence of a parallax effect. In this paper we studied the task of locating virtual pipes behind a real wall with “X-ray vision” and the goal is to establish relationships between task performance and spatial factors causing parallax through different forms of visual augmentation. We introduced and validated a laser-based target designation method which is generally useful for AR-based interaction with augmented objects beyond arm's reach. The main findings include that people can mentally compensate for the parallax error when extrapolating positions of virtual objects on the real surface given traditional 3D depth cues for spatial understanding. This capability is, however, unreliable especially in the presence of the increasing viewing offset between the users and the virtual objects as well as the increasing distance between the virtual objects and their occluders. Experiment results also show that positioning performance is greatly increased and unaffected by those factors if the AR support provides visual guides indicating the closest projected positions of virtual objects on the surfaces of their real occluders.

  • 235.
    Ljungblom, Emma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Rydeblad, Emelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Motivationsfaktorer för medarbetare inom tillverkande industri2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Industries aim to have a high performance to get a high profitability. A high performance comes from the employees' work performance every day. This work performance for industry employees comes largely from the motivation they feel for the work. In this study, work motivation for employees in industry has been examined through a questionnaire study together with interviews with selected persons from the management. The conclusion for this study is that employees' work motivation in industry´s is strongly linked to how the management manages and acts within the organization. The management influences the employees' motivation by controlling how the organization is structured, which reward systems are to be used and how the corporate culture is structured. If employees in industry´s experience high motivation for their work, the work performance will increase along with increased work motivation. The result of this study shows how corporate culture together with other motivation factors can motivate employees to increase work performance in the manufacturing industry. This study has also resulted in a self-developed model that can be used by companies to increase work motivation and thereby the work performance of the company.

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  • 236.
    Lozano, Francisco J.
    et al.
    Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
    Lozano, Rodrigo
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Assessing the potential sustainability benefits of agricultural residues: biomass conversion to syngas for energy generation or to chemicals production2018In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 172, p. 4162-4169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Crop residues represent more than half of the world's agricultural phytomass. Residual biomass, from agriculture or forestry, can be converted into synthesis gas (syngas) to generate energy (electrical or thermal) or chemicals. The paper uses eco-efficiency as a tool to compare these two options. A basis of 1000 kg/hour of residual pecan nut shell residue was considered to estimate the material flow of chemicals that can be produced, as well as the power that can be generated through residual biomass gasification. This study compares two alternate routes: (1) gasification with air, which renders a gas stream with hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and other hydrocarbons, as well as nitrogen; and (2) gasification with steam, where a residual biomass amount is used as fuel, rendering a gas stream like the first route, but without nitrogen. The eco-efficiency index shows that a decrease of environmental influence leads to a high output material flow for the alternative process with higher economic values, thus a higher proportion of input raw materials can be transformed into chemical products. The paper highlights that eco-efficiency can be used as a decision-making tool to choose between transformation processes by combining scientific and technical issues with economic ones. This can help to move towards a better and more sustainable use of natural resources through the utilisation of residual biomass.

  • 237.
    Lozano, Rodrigo
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production. Organisational Sustainability, Ltd., Cardiff, UK.
    Proposing a Definition and a Framework of Organisational Sustainability: A Review of Efforts and a Survey of Approaches to Change2018In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 10, no 4, article id 1157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Organisations (civil society, companies, and public-sector organisations (PSOs)) have beeninstrumental in driving sustainability. In the last five years, there has been an increasing interest inorganisational sustainability, where the importance of sustainability’s dimensions depends on anorganisation’s nature and purpose. A large body of literature on organisational sustainability hasfocused on companies, followed by education institutions, in particular higher education. Limited,yet increasing, attention has been directed to PSOs and other civil society organisations. Althoughthere have been some attempts to define a sustainable organisation, there is still a need to defineand establish the principles of how organisations can address and contribute to sustainability.The sustainability efforts in the different types of organisations were reviewed and then analysedin this paper by using hermeneutics. This was complemented with a survey on sustainabilitychanges. The survey was sent to a database of 1574 contacts from different organisations. In addition,106 anonymous links were sent out. From the total list of emails, 118 full responses were obtained,with 39 from civil society (37 from higher education and 2 NGOs), 66 corporations, and 13 PSOs.This research distils the key system elements of the efforts in each of the organisations in order tosynthesise and propose a definition and a conceptual framework of organisational sustainability.These can help organisations understand where their efforts are and how they could better embedsustainability into their systems, thus contributing to the well-being of societies and the environmentfor this generation and future ones.

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  • 238.
    Lozano, Rodrigo
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    The importance of Life Cycle for sustainable organisations2022Conference paper (Other academic)
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  • 239.
    Lozano, Rodrigo
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production. Organisational Sustainability, Cardiff, UK.
    Barreiro-Gen, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Analysing the incorporation of sustainable development into European Higher Education Institution's curricula2019In: Engineering Education towards Sustainability: Approaches for Institutionalization and Teaching Implementation: Second Internacional Conference on Engineering Education for the 21st Century – ICEE21C 2019 / [ed] Guraya, T., Cabedo, L., Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , 2019, p. 51-56Conference paper (Other academic)
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  • 240.
    Lozano, Rodrigo
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production. Organisational Sustainability Ltd., Cardiff, UK.
    Suzuki, Masachika
    Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.
    Carpenter, Angela
    Organisational Sustainability Ltd., Cardiff, UK; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
    Tyunina, Olga
    Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.
    An analysis of the contribution of Japanese Business terms to Corporate Sustainability: learnings from the ‘looking-glasses’ of the East to the West and vice versa2017In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 9, no 2, article id 188Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decade, there has been increasing research on Corporate Sustainability, whereby most of such research was undertaken in the Western world. This paper is aimed at analysing the contribution of Japanese Business terms to Corporate Sustainability. The paper analyses, using Grounded Theory, 28 Japanese business terms through a Corporate Sustainability framework based on the four dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, social, and time), the company system (operations and processes, strategy and management, organisational systems, procurement and marketing, and assessment and communication), and stakeholders (internal, interconnecting, and external). The underpinning principles of the Japanese business terms provide complementary approaches to Western views on corporate sustainability by offering a more holistic perspective by linking the company system and its stakeholders to the four dimensions of sustainability. The paper proposes that Corporate Sustainability can learn from Japanese business approaches through: (1) the interaction and alignment of the factory, the firm, and inter-firm network; (2) the relationships between management and employees; (3) the inter-linkages between the company system elements; and (4) how Japanese companies remained competitive, even under the stress of a long-term major economic crisis. However, the analysis indicates that the relationship with external stakeholders and communicating with them through assessment and reporting is lacking in Japanese business management practice. Japanese businesses and their management can also learn from the Corporate Sustainability of the West by: (1) considering the four dimensions of sustainability and how they interact; (2) taking a holistic and systemic approach to Corporate Sustainability; (3) engaging in more Corporate Sustainability research; and (4) making Corporate Sustainability part of a company’s culture and activities. Businesses in the East and the West need to recognise that they can both contribute to making the world more sustainable by learning from each other’s approaches on Corporate Sustainability and adapting them to their own contexts. 

  • 241.
    Lundberg, Sven-Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Mechanical Engineering.
    Comparative analysis of expenses for section rolling mills in different European and American countries2018In: Chernye Metally, ISSN 0132-0890, Vol. 2018, no 9, p. 69-75Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Benchmarking is a method to compare similar plants. Several problems arise in the evaluation of the similarity. Therefore the actual benchmarking was divided into three areas, the European Union, North America and Eastern Europe. The transformation cost was compared for new mills rolling 750,000 t/a. The costs are of the same order in the different areas. The advantage of low hourly wages in Eastern Europe is lost due to the larger mill crew. Higher mill capacity give lower cost. This is a threat to many EU-located bar mills. A model to calculate the transformation cost as a function of the capacity was developed. The model give fairly good predictions. Comparison of the calculated cost to the costs of the investigated new mills show sufficient conformity. The weakest point is the estimation of the capital cost, which is not technologically determined. This is probably the main reason for deviations in transformation costs shown for similar plants.

  • 242.
    Lundgren, Amelie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Jervill, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Sambandet mellan saldodifferenser och effektivitet: En fallstudie på utomhuslager inom Sandvik Materials Technology2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To meet the needs and demands of the costumer, accurate information about how much is available in stock is necessary. When the information in the system does not match the physical inventory, inventory inaccuracy occurs. Inventory inaccuracy is common among companies and may contribute to increased labor cost, excess inventory, production disruptions, waste of time, late deliveries, poor service and lost customers.

    The purpose of this study is to identify contributing factors to inventory inaccuracy for business with outdoor storage. The study also aims to investigate how efficiency factors can reduce the inventory inaccuracy for business with outdoor storage.

    A case study was conducted to answer the purpose. A company in the steel industry was chosen to examine inventory inaccuracy on business with outdoor storage. During the case study a series of interviews was conducted with employees and managers. Together with information from observations and documents the information from the interviews was compiled into flowcharts.

    Inventory inaccuracy affects companies with in many ways and leads to inefficiency. Incorrect inventory leads to unnecessary work and costs and can also contribute to a reduced efficiency for business with outdoor storage.

    Inventory inaccuracy may be reduced with continuous inventory checks, simplified processes, more automation, enhanced information and communication. Improved routines can also help reduce inventory inaccuracy.

    To increase efficiency, the staff must be seen as an important resource.

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  • 243.
    Lundgren, Rebecka
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
    A Repeatable Multi-Criteria Decision Model for Social Housing Asset Intervention Decisions2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report describes a case study where a multi criteria decision model is used to make decisions regarding asset interventions for four social housing complexes, similar in terms of issues and possible interventions, at Christchurch City Council. The value judgements from the decision makers and their advisors that were necessary for creating the decision model were elicited through three workshops; selecting aspects, weighting and rating and lastly reviewing the output. An analysis performed shows that the decision model is logically consistent and does not suffer from the rank reversal phenomenon. The validation of the model also included creating four individual decision models, one for each social housing complex, comparing the results of applying the joint model and the individual models, and revisiting and reconsidering the value judgments made in the different models when discrepancies were found. This included utility difference analysis and asking trade-off questions to the decision makers. Part of the validation was also to get acceptance of the output of the joint model from the social housing team. Applying the decision model on the four social housing complexes and receiving an output which is accepted by the social housing team suggests that the aggregated model can be used for future decision problems of the same kind, provided that they are within the set level ranges of the aspects. Since the decision model is transparent in terms of which values or priorities have been applied and which prerequisites must be met in order to apply the model to future decisions, it is possible to use the decision model as a ‘live model’ with adjustment being made to it when required.

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  • 244.
    Lövgren, Oscar
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering.
    Backlund, Daniel
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering.
    5S förändringsarbeten inom stålindustrin: En longitudinell fallstudie2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning 

    Konceptet ”Lean” grundar sig på Toyotas produktionssystem ”Toyota production system” (TPS) som består av ett antal olika principer, filosofier och metoder som syftar till att uppnå högre effektivitet inom verksamheten. Inom Lean talar man om förekomst av slöseri som hindrar företag från att uppnå deras yttersta potential av effektivitet. Genom att minska slöseri ökar produktiviteten samt effektiviteten inom företaget. Det finns flera olika Lean-verktyg för att bekämpa slöseri. Den här studien grundar sig på Lean-verktyget 5S som används för att sortera, strukturera, städa, standardisera och skapa vana. Inom lagerhantering, där noggrannhet är av stor vikt, är 5S ett effektivt verktyg för att standardisera och skapa vana för att uppnå produktivitets- och effektivitetsförbättringar. Den här studien är utformad som en longitudinell fallstudie för att kunna jämföra samband över en längre tidsperiod, som dels grundar sig på en förstudie som genomfördes under perioden 220523–220831. Men även intervjuer och observationer som genomfördes i den aktuella studien som genomförs nu ett år senare. Förstudien utgjorde uppstarten av ett 5S förändringsarbete på ett företag som är verksamt inom ståltillverkningsindustrin och där avsikten med förstudien var att initiera starten på ett arbete med de tre första ”S:en” i 5S. Den aktuella studien syftade till att undersöka hur det förhöll sig med efterlevnadsgraden av de sista två ”S:en” i 5S inom det aktuella företaget som studerades.

     

    Det övergripande syftet med studien har varit att öka förståelsen för de möjliga, långsiktiga positiva effekter ett 5S förändringsarbete och dess efterlevnad skulle kunna medföra. Följande frågeställningar har undersökts genom insamling av data från intervjuer och observationer som därefter har analyserats och diskuteras utifrån relevanta teorier och modeller inom det studerade området.

     

    ·       Hur kan långsiktiga effekter bevaras efter ett 5S förändringsarbete?

    ·       Vilka faktorer kan vara påverkande för efterlevnaden av ett 5S förändringsarbete?

    Man skulle kunna påstå att grunderna för ett lyckat 5S förändringsarbete läggs redan vid starten av förändringsarbetet för att kunna uppnå de långsiktiga effekterna och för att de skall kunna bevaras behöver företagets ledning utbilda och träna medarbetarna på 5S. Det förutsätter också att ledningen visar engagemang och ger det stöd som förändringsarbetet förutsätter. Vidare är det också av stor vikt att även de berörda medarbetarna aktivt deltar i förändringsarbetet med 5S för att uppnå en så god förståelse som möjligt. Genom att etablera en tydlig ansvarsfördelning och tydliggöra roller samt förväntningar skapas en arbetsplats med tydliga avgränsningar, samtidigt som arbetsplatser där 5S inte efterlevs blir identifierade och åskådliggjorda. Sammanfattningsvis är de tre främsta faktorerna som den aktuella studien har lyckats identifiera för att effekterna av ett 5S förändringsarbete skall komma att efterlevas engagemang, tid och ledarskap. 

    Nyckelord: 5S, Lean, Toyota production system, Lean verktyg, sju slöserier, stress och tidsbrist. 

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  • 245.
    Lövh, Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Analys av oönskade händelser: Felträd och händelseträd som verktyg för att generera hypoteser i underrättelseverksamhet2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Intelligence activities aim to forecast the future in various ways and add important knowledge to support decision-makers. In order to be able to come up with knowledge that is useful to the decision-maker, useful hypotheses must initially be set up. This study aims to test a method where fault tree analysis and event tree analysis are used to generate hypotheses. The proposed method is based on Common sense-analysis, a method based on the rational actor model. It works broadly so that the analyst identifies undesirable events to be analyzed. Then you put yourself in the place of the analyzed actor and perform fault- and event tree analyzes based on the unwanted event. From this, weaknesses for the analyzed actor are identified and hypotheses are generated. These hypotheses then go on in the intelligence process and become the subjects that are investigated in more depth. The method is being tested at a fictitious drug organization where four summary hypotheses have been generated with the support of the method. Advantages of the method are that the structured way in which the hypotheses are generated means that the method will be applied similarly by different analysts and that the reasoning can easily be followed and communicated. It is based on the well-established methods of fault- and event tree analysis and takes into account both weaknesses and possible countermeasures from the counterparty being analyzed, thus covering dynamic event developments. A disadvantage of the method is that it is based on the rational actor model, but in this case may be applied to actors who are impulse driven rather than rational, which may complicate the assessments. It can also be stated that the method can both identify critical vulnerabilities and generate important knowledge for one's own organization. However, the method needs to be tested in a live environment in order to be able to determine whether it really works.

  • 246.
    Ma, Ding
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Land management, GIS.
    Jiang, Bin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Land management, GIS.
    A smooth curve as a fractal under the third definition2018In: Cartographica, ISSN 0317-7173, E-ISSN 1911-9925, Vol. 53, no 3, p. 203-210Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is commonly believed in the literature that smooth curves, such as circles, are not fractal, and only non-smooth curves, such as coastlines, are fractal. However, this paper demonstrates that a smooth curve can be fractal, under the new, relaxed, third definition of fractal – a set or pattern is fractal if the scaling of far more small things than large ones recurs at least twice. The scaling can be rephrased as a hierarchy, consisting of numerous smallest, a very few largest, and some in between the smallest and the largest. The logarithmic spiral, as a smooth curve, is apparently fractal because it bears the self-similar property, or the scaling of far more small squares than large ones recurs multiple times, or the scaling of far more small bends than large ones recurs multiple times. A half-circle or half-ellipse and the UK coastline (before or after smooth processing) are fractal, if the scaling of far more small bends than large ones recurs at least twice.

  • 247.
    Ma, Ding
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.
    Omer, Itzhak
    Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
    Osaragi, Toshihiro
    Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
    Sandberg, Mats
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
    Jiang, Bin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.
    Why Topology Matters in Predicting Human Activities2019In: Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, ISSN 2399-8083, Vol. 46, no 7, p. 1297-1313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Geographic space is best understood through the topological relationship of the underlying streets (note: entire streets rather than street segments), which enabales us to see scaling or fractal or living structure of far more less-connected streets than well-connected ones. It is this underlying scaling structure that makes human activities or urban traffic predictable, albeit in the sense of collective rather than individual human moving behavior. This power of topological analysis has not yet received its deserved attention in the literature, as many researchers continue to rely on segment analysis for predicting urban traffic. The segment-analysis-based methods are essentially geometric, with a focus on geometric details such as locations, lengths, and directions, and are unable to reveal the scaling property, which means they cannot be used for human activities prediction. We conducted a series of case studies using London streets and tweet location data, based on related concepts such as natural streets, and natural street segments (or street segments for short), axial lines, and axial line segments (or line segments for short). We found that natural streets are the best representation in terms of traffic prediction, followed by axial lines, and that neither street segments nor line segments bear a good correlation between network parameters and tweet locations. These findings point to the fact that the reason why axial lines-based space syntax, or the kind of topological analysis in general, works has little to do with individual human travel behavior or ways that human conceptualize distances or spaces. Instead, it is the underlying scaling hierarchy of streets – numerous least-connected, a very few most-connected, and some in between the least- and most-connected – that makes human activities or urban traffic predictable.

  • 248.
    Maciuk, Kamil
    et al.
    Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
    Kudrys, Jacek
    Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.
    Bagherbandi, Mohammad
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Geospatial Sciences.
    Bezmenov, Igor V.
    VNIIFTRI, Mendeleevo, Moscow reg, Russian Federation.
    A new method for quantitative and qualitative representation of the noises type in Allan (and related) variances2020In: Earth Planets and Space, ISSN 1343-8832, E-ISSN 1880-5981, Vol. 72, no 1, article id 186Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Allan variances and its related methods are commonly used to analyse a sequence of data in the time domain to measure frequency stability of oscillators. It allows for a determination of noise type as a function of the averaging time. This method is one of the most popular for identifying different noise types in the sensors data, and it is usually used for a wide range of studies on the stability of oscillators or atomic clocks. In this paper, the authors propose their own algorithm for a qualitative and quantitative expression of noise type using Allan and related variation. The methods currently used allow for the determination of the noise type graphically only, without quantifying the type and percentages for each of the integration steps. Our study allows for a numerical interpretation of the Allan (and related) variances data. A numerical example of the described method is based on GPS satellite clock corrections for1825–2086 GPS Week (5 years) based on daily 30-s sampling interval products.

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  • 249.
    Magnell, Martin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Skytt, Lars
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Förändringar i arbetet med mätetal vid övergång till ett processorienterat arbetssätt: En fallstudie på Setra Group2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    It is known that measuring affects the behavior of an individual or a group and therefore it is important to be careful when deciding on what to measure and to know why it’s being measured when working process oriented.  The purpose of the study is to identify what changes are needed regarding measurements and the choice of what’s being measured in a situation where a function oriented organization within manufacturing will make a transition to a more process oriented way of working. Recommendations to the case study company have also been constructed based on this to adapt the measurements in line with the new way of working.

     

    The study is based on a case study conducted at Setra Group which currently is in this transition. A literature review was conducted to gather theory regarding previous research in this field to create a theoretical framework to proceed from before collecting data. To gather data from the company in the case study seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with different executives within Setras production management, marketing department and managing directors at different production units. After the data collection the theoretical framework was completed with additional relevant theory relating subjects that were discussed during the interviews. This research approach can be described as an abductive research method. The gathered theory and data has then been compared and analyzed to lead to a conclusion. Case-specific recommendations to the business case has also been presented to Setra Group.

     

    The study has shown that it is important for a process-oriented organization to measure aspects that is in line with the customer-orientation that characterizes a process-oriented way of working. There is however no key answer to how many measurements, which or how much focus an organization should have on these measurements since it differs from one organization to another. Although there is, however, a need for a balance on what is being measured so they together cover the different perspectives and focus areas while at the same time the main measurements are clearly defined. Which measurements that is suitable to use at an organization depends on a number of aspects such as culture within the organization, type of product and what industry the organization is operative in. An organization should decide this themselves by creating a map over their main process to get a good picture over their success factors. It has also shown to be important that an organization is self-critical towards the measuring they are conducting, to avoid that the measurements are treated in a way that they are limiting the main process ability to deliver products to the customer.

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  • 250.
    Malmström, Linus
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Lind, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Financial and Operational outcomes of a No-Code Manufacturing Execution System (MES)2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This study aims to identify the operational and financial outcomes of companies implementing the no-code manufacturing execution system (MES).

    Methods: This study has been conducted using inductive reasoning to develop new theories in this unexplored subject. The thesis has conducted a multiple case study to collect qualitative, empirical data. Qualitative data has been collected through conducting three interviews from two separate companies. The Research Background and Findings section was then cross analyzed to find commonalities to form conclusions. 

    Conclusion: Implementing a no-code MES offers operational and financial benefits for manufacturing companies. It improves productivity, reduces lead times, increases flexibility, and enhances quality efforts. Cost savings are achieved through paper reduction and lower implementation costs compared to traditional MES solutions, which do not have no-code features. Overall, a no-code MES delivers advantageous outcomes efficiently and eliminates the need for significant capital investments and technical skills.

    Theoretical Contribution: This thesis contributes to the field of science by unifying Manufacturing Execution System (MES) with the existent subject of low-code/no-code. This study creates a deeper knowledge by merging science with empirics. 

    Practical Contribution: The thesis contributes to practitioners in the manufacturing industry by indicating the relevance and importance of the beneficial operational and financial outcomes of adopting a no-code MES. Firstly, there are strong indications that a no-code MES could be a possible solution for companies that could be impacted by the labor shortage in software developer jobs. Secondly, as the no-code MES mitigates the barriers with traditional MES solutions, having the MES built on no-code makes the solution more cost-effective and easy-to-maintain.

    Limitations & Future Research: This study is limited to two case companies and three interviews. The study’s findings are limited by the short duration of a no-code MES implementation in the case companies, preventing a full investigation of financial outcomes. Further research is necessary to fully examine the financial outcomes of implementing a no-code MES.

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