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  • 51.
    Bäck, Elvira
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Pyhälä, Sanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Processkartläggning av servicesystem: För första återkoppling till kund och utformning av en förbättringsmodell2013Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Strukturering och planering har länge varit känt som viktiga faktorer som påverkar hur en verksamhet ska fungera. Förståelsen för detta har inte alltid varit densamma. Längre tillbaka fanns inte kunskap om vad detta gav. Forskning har under åren genomförts angående planering och strukturering och olika resultat har framkommit. Efter dessa resultat har principer vuxit fram som har haft påverkan på arbetssätten. Längre tillbaka låg fokus på produktivitet medan det idag har flyttats till människan och dess välbefinnande.

     

    Framgångsrika företag har genom åren studerats för att kartlägga deras framgång. Utifrån dessa data har sedan företag försökt att kopiera rakt av till sin egen verksamhet, något som sällan har lyckats. Eftersom det inte finns någon optimal lösning för alla utan varje företag eller organisation behöver se till sina behov och anpassa arbetssätten efter dessa.

    Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka vilka delar som är viktiga i ett servicesystem för att få en välfungerande verksamhet.

    Vid kontakt med det valda företaget hade de problem med att uppnå en kundåterkoppling inom rimligt antal dagar. Därför är det av intresse att se över vilka delar som är viktiga i ett servicesystem för att genom en förbättring av systemet uppnå en bättre kundåterkoppling.

    Med detta menas att se över processen från det att en motor inkommer eller en kund lägger en beställning till dess att kunden har fått ett svar, en återkoppling, med kostnad och tidsplan. Förbättringsmodellen som tas fram teoretiskt över ett system ska avgränsas till serviceinriktade och bortse från producerande.

    För att göra det möjligt att besvara syftet har observationer, intervjuer och litteraturstudier genomförts. Dessa metoder har på olika sätt bidragit till att framställa en förbättringsmodell för servicessystem, som svarar på syftet. Den slutgiltiga förbättringsmodellen innehåller fyra hörnstenar vilka är: information, logistik, Lean och kvalité. Information och logistik framkom från fallstudien och Lean och kvalité framkom under litteraturstudierna. Alla fyra hörnstenar uppmärksammades i både fallstudien och litteraturstudien, de belystes dock lite olika.  

    Då förbättringsmodellen var framtagen jämfördes den mot ABB i Storvik för att se om den fungerar mot ett verkligt företag och inte bara är teoretisk tillämpbar. Efter denna jämförelse drogs slutsatsen att den är användbar som modell för servicesystem

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  • 52.
    Bäckström, Karin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Domanders, Emelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Effektivisering av materialförsörjning inom tillverkande industri: En fallstudie på Företaget2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    How companies choose to design their supply chain is important for their competitiveness. Supplier relationships are becoming increasingly important to maintain a market position. A key factor for success is to deliver material in the right quantity, at the right time and to the right place. Other factors that play an important role are quality standards, leadership and above all, customer first. The customer should be placed at the top of the value chain, and be treated with respect. Markets are driven by short lead time and companies cannot rely on brand loyalty.

    The purpose of this study is to develop a general model for analysis and improvement of the supply chain for manufacturing companies, with focus on components from external suppliers. The model is created based on a literature review and to examine this, the model was tested at Företaget. The empirical data is mainly conducted by interviews, complemented by one observation. The analysis model consists of seven areas based on Supply Chain Management, Logistics and Lean. A key factor to analyze these seven areas is to map the current situation. The results have been filtered through the analysis model and have led to suggestions for improvement. These suggestions are only recommendations and the companies choose what to take further into action.

    Företaget is one of Sweden’s leading window manufacturers with two strong brands, Produkt 1 and Produkt 2. Most of the production process is carried out in Edsbyn and the size of the factory is as big as ten football pitches at 65,000 squares meters. Wooden-aluminum windows are an increasing trend and stands for two thirds of the sales. The study is focusing on one selected component which is the flow for aluminum profiles.

    The conclusion shows that supply chain management, logistics and Lean play an important role while building an efficient supply chain. Relationship, communication and information sharing with suppliers are of great importance and needs to be constant developed and improved. Leadership is a key element to get all the areas to work and it is the leaders that characterize the culture of the company. The study has resulted in a number of improvement suggestions for Företaget. One suggestion for improvement is to develop a routine for documentation when a deviation occurs in the final assembly. This will enable the follow-up and help to find the main cause for appearance.

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  • 53.
    Cabral, Diogo
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.
    Costeira, João
    Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minho, Portugal.
    Gomes, João
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.
    Electrical and thermal performance evaluation of a district heating system composed of asymmetric low concentration PVT solar collector prototypes2018In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISES EUROSUN 2018 CONFERENCE - 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLAR ENERGY FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY / [ed] Haberle, A., INTL SOLAR ENERGY SOC , 2018, p. 755-763Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) solar collectors generate electricity and heat from the same gross area. The annual electrical and thermal yields of these systems are dependent on the PVT collector technology, as well as the climate and the type of solar thermal system implemented. This review presents an evaluation of a district heating system composed of 20 asymmetric hybrid low concentrator PVT (C-PVT) solar collector prototypes. The system is installed in a South wall facade in order to maximise the available space (with a tilt of 20 degrees and an orientation of 5 degrees W). The thermal system is connected to the district heating network, thus heating the University buildings. On the other hand, the electrical system is grid-connected, where it feeds the grid directly. Real measurement data has been collected and compared with a thermal (through ScenoCalc tool) and electrical performance models. The annual thermal and electrical yield achieved 86% and 89% of the simulated thermal and electrical yield, respectively.

  • 54.
    Cannava, Catharina
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Managing the bi-directional flow of materials to increase customer satisfaction and reduce cost: A case study at Sandvik Mining and Rock Technology2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: This thesis explores the bi-directional flows of material perceived by manufacturing firms in the supply chain and accordingly derive suggestions to properly manage these flows to increase customer satisfaction and reduce cost.

    Methods: A literature review was summarized in a conceptual framework. This framework was then illustrated in a case. In this case, 11 semi-structured interviews, 3 participant observations and 3 types of archival records were collected. Analysis and discussion of the preliminary conceptual framework compared to the case was the basis for the modified conceptual framework that was designed.

    Main findings: In general material flows downstream the supply chain, but because of quality issues, recycling or returns material need to flow upstream the supply chain. This thesis provides a holistic view of how to manage these flows with a modified conceptual framework.

    Academic contributions: Previously, almost no academic research has been conducted on decision variables when it comes to managing material flows upstream the supply chain. This thesis contributes to closing this gap by suggesting different actions to properly manage the bi-directional flow of material. Furthermore, previous research addressing how to manage material flows has been re-accessed and expanded.

    Managerial implications: By using the framework, practitioners can determine helpful activities to increase customer satisfaction and reduce cost. This means management gets directions of where to allocate their resources.

    Limitations: The perspective and evidence in this research are only collected from the manufacturer’s point of view, valuable insight from suppliers and customers may have been overlooked. The suggestions of how to manage the bi-directional flow of materials have not been tested and the outcome of these recommendations has not been compared to KPIs or other measurements.

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  • 55.
    Cannavá, Catharina
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics.
    Salvo, Amanda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics.
    Metodik för analys och förbättring av företags mål2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: For business profitability and competitiveness, the establishment of

    good overall and operational goals is important. However, most companies lack

    important goals in the business and no methodology have been found to analyse

    and improve company's overall and operational goals. The purpose of this study is

    to develop a methodology to analyse and improve the design of company's overall

    and operational goals.

    Methods: A case study with an abductive approach has been applied in the study.

    In order to answer the study's purpose and questions, a literature review and empirical

    collection were performed. The literature review shaped the theoretical

    framework and the empirical data collection charted the current situation of the

    company. The empirical data consisted of 16 semi structured interviews and 5 observations.

    Analysis of theory and empirics underlies the methodology that was

    designed.

    Methodology: The methodology developed consists of three phases: current situation,

    analysis and improvement proposals. First the current situation will be

    gathered. Then, analysis of what can be improved, with regard to significant factors

    such as: if there are multidimensional overall goals, whether there is a connection

    between overall and operational goals, and whether man has been taken

    into account when designing goals and measurements. Finally, improvement suggestions

    will be given to the company based on the analysis performed.

    Conclusion: The theoretical contribution of the study is the developed methodology

    as well as essential aspects within the methodology. The practical contribution

    to the Company AB is a unique report, where concrete improvements are presented

    in an exclusive chapter. In order to evaluate the methodology’s usefulness

    and utility with further methodology studies, the methodology needs to be applied

    to one or more companies.

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  • 56.
    Carlsson, Lilly
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Langsager, Jeanette
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Implementering av DevOps: En fallstudie på ett IT-konsultföretag2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Within the field of project management different methods and agile approaches have emerged. However, dividing silo-structures have created frustration within software development. DevOps has surfaced as a way to address this and instead connect different functions such as development and operations. DevOps affects teams but there is no standardized approach for its implementation. Therefore, more research around the implementation process of DevOps is needed. Also, investigating what the accompanying effects could be, is of interest. The purpose of this thesis is to study the implementation of DevOps within the IT consultant industry and what impact it has on a team. This thesis was executed with abductive reasoning where a case study was carried out. To fulfill the purpose and answer the research questions literature review and interviews have been performed. Collected theory and empirical material have been discussed and analyzed in order to formulate conclusions and recommendations.  One formulated conclusion is that each implementation of DevOps needs to follow its own adapted execution where the aim and essence are clarified. Factors regarding communication, automation, responsibility, willingness to change and collaboration also impact the implementation and the effects experienced by the team. It can also be concluded that both benefits and limitations can affect the team yet, the disadvantages often appear to be contained within the start of the implementation. A practical contribution comes from recommendations for the implementation, such as having a dedicated person and education within DevOps among others.

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  • 57.
    Cebollada Alvarez, Virginia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science.
    Evaluation of the performance of optimizerbased PV systems under shading conditions2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Total or partial shading conditions have a detrimental impact in the output energy ofphotovoltaic (PV) systems and in the semiconductor materials PV technologies are made of.Residential PV installations are very likely to be exposed to shade projected by nearbyobjects such as buildings or neighboring trees. The electrical configuration of PV systems iscrucial to mitigate the shading effect, as it is the use of power optimizers. This study assessesthe shading impact on two different types of residential PV systems to verify gains associatedwith SolarEdge optimizers and support product marketing. It aspires to help PV ownersselect power inverters that maximize the annual energy produced. Experiments have beenperformed simulating snow coverage and tree shading on a string-based system (Fronius)and an optimizer-based system (SolarEdge). Findings demonstrated the decrease in lossesfrom partial shading conditions with power optimizers. SolarEdge optimizers reduceshading power losses from 50% to 29% in comparison to a standard string system whensimulated snow coverage is applied. Results also showed that SolarEdge system decreasedtree shading losses from 17% to 13% in comparison to string-based system.

  • 58.
    Celander, Sanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Att bygga i trä eller lättbetong: en jämförelse mellan väggkonstruktioner2013Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hudiksvall Municipality will build a new preschool. The goal is that the pre-school should reflect the municipality's environmental goals and meet building regulations. The wall structures that are compared in the report is an insulated wooden frame and a frame of lightweight concrete blocks from H + HWall structures are compared within the areas of U-values, air tightness, thermal storage capacity, fire ratings, moisture, durability, emissions and environment. In these categories the two wall structures will be rated in a scale from 1 to 5 and then the categories are weighted against each other. The weighting is based on Hudiksvall Municipality's assessment of the categories importanse for their final selection.The results of the comparison show that the concrete structure is recommended for the construction of pre-school with 27.55 points against the wooden structures 23.70 points. The highest possible score after weighting is 34 points.

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    Att bygga i trä eller lättbetong
  • 59.
    Chen, Yanguang
    et al.
    Department of Geography, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
    Jiang, Bin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Land management, GIS.
    Hierarchical scaling in systems of natural cities2018In: Entropy, E-ISSN 1099-4300, Vol. 20, no 6, article id 432Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hierarchies can be modeled by a set of exponential functions, from which we can derive a set of power laws indicative of scaling. The solution to a scaling relation equation is always a power law. The scaling laws are followed by many natural and social phenomena such as cities, earthquakes, and rivers. This paper reveals the power law behaviors in systems of natural cities by reconstructing the urban hierarchy with cascade structure. Cities of the U.S.A., Britain, France, and Germany are taken as examples to perform empirical analyses. The hierarchical scaling relations can be well fitted to the data points within the scaling ranges of the number, size and area of the natural cities. The size-number and area-number scaling exponents are close to 1, and the size-area allometric scaling exponent is slightly less than 1. The results show that natural cities follow hierarchical scaling laws very well. The principle of entropy maximization of urban evolution is then employed to explain the hierarchical scaling laws, and differences entropy maximizing processes are used to interpret the scaling exponents. This study is helpful for scientists to understand the power law behavior in the development of cities and systems of cities. © 2018 by the authors.

  • 60.
    Cho, Y J
    et al.
    The University of Reading, UK.
    Awbi, Hazim B.
    University of Reading, UK.
    Karimipanah, Taghi
    Fresh AB, Sweden.
    The characteristics of wall confluent jets for ventilated enclosures2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 61. Cho, Youngjun
    et al.
    Awbi, Hazim B.
    University of Reading, UK.
    Karimipanah, Taghi
    Comparison between wall confluent jets and displacement ventilation in aspect of the spreading rate on the floor2005In: Indoor Air 2005 : proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 62.
    chrysochoou, christos
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Wastewater Treatment2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The wastewater industry is critical for both current and future human life. At the same time, competitive conditions of market spaces lead to technology evolution reaching continuously new frontiers. While many wastewater treatment plants are designed identically in different global loci, wastewater characteristics are unique and therefore decisions related to wastewater treatment technologies are very critical. Wastewater characteristics vary due to cultural and climate factors, among other things and thus, each wastewater treatment technology must be studied independently. Hence, decision analysis and decision making are an integral part of the industry. A multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) has been applied in this thesis, including a fictional decision-making problem. Furthermore, this thesis describes an analytic approach to a complex decision-making problem in wastewater treatment by using multi attribute utility theory (MAUT). This thesis assigns utility values, applies Swing Weighting (SW) which is not commonly used in the wastewater industry and assesses weight coefficients for the utility functions for each criterion. The goal is to illustrate how proportional scoring can be used to assign utility values in different aspects related to wastewater treatment, how SW can be performed to assess weight coefficients that are related to wastewater treatment and finally how the additive utility can be applied to deliver the total utility. For this reason, a hypothetical decision problem was developed, in which, the decision maker can select amongst three different wastewater treatment technologies using sustainability criteria. This is a multi-dimensional problem that requires the use of a structured approach to analyze the options accordingly. More, six criteria are used to rank three different wastewater treatment technologies with respect to sustainability. Finally, the MCDA results from this hypothetical decision problem show how proportional scoring, SW, and the additive utility could be used in the selection of a wastewater treatment technology however it should be tested with real life decision problems. 

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  • 63.
    chrysochoou, christos
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Sustainable Shrimp Production: A Technology Feasibility Analysis through an Operational & Environmental Perspective2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To be able to satisfy current society’s needs without compromising future generations to satisfy their needs, is the key to sustainability. Many old practices and methods have had negative impact on the environment, including food production & cultivation activities with aquaculture being one of them. A growing population and environmental pollution, demand new technologies to be developed, to ensure food supply but also not to harm the environment at the same time. Such technologies have been developed the last decades allowing for indoor farming of aquaculture species including shrimp. Shrimps are popular all over the world and their demand is continuously increasing. This thesis focuses on two different technologies that primarily aim to grow shrimps in the most effective way with reduced demand of natural and chemical resources considering sustainability. One technology is Biofloc, and the other is the Recirculated Aquaculture System (RAS). A multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) will take place in this thesis to compare the two alternative technologies based on a few criteria. The criteria used, derive from two categories, operational and environmental, and this thesis aims to understand the pros and cons of each technology with respect to sustainability.

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  • 64.
    Coban, Esra
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Torstensson, Emma
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Rylander, Emelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    En enkätstudie om användningen av digitala lösningar bland tillverkande industrier i Sverige2020Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In today's industry sector, it has become increasingly common for manufacturers to use digital systems to support their services. Companies that do not respond to this development risk being threatened as competitors can offer more responsive and customized offers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of digital solutions among manufacturing industries in Sweden. The study also aims to investigate whether there is any link between the utilization of digital solutions and the total turnover in year 2017.

    The German research institute Franunhofer ISI has carried out a survey of manufacturing industries in Europe. This survey is called EMS and stands for European Manufacturing Survey. The study is based on the answers from manufacturing industries in Sweden and is the empirical data in the study.

    To answer the study's questions, the SPSS program was used. SPSS is a digital computer program that analyzes statistics. Two ANOVA tests were conducted to see whether there is a link between the level of use of digital solutions and the total turnover of businesses in year 2017. In the second test the utilization of digital solutions and type of manufacturing industry were compared. A test for pairs of observations is also carried out to see if there is a link between the different solutions.

    The result indicated that IT systems for controlling/planning production (as part of business systems or separate systems) are the most widely used digital solution among all manufacturing industries in Sweden. It appeared that there are three digital solutions that link the total turnover of industries in year 2017 and the level of use of digital solutions.

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  • 65.
    Coen, Michael
    et al.
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Weisman, Luke
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Thomas, Kavita Elisheba
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    Groh, Marian
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    A Context Sensitive Natural Language Modality for an Intelligent Room1999In: Managing Interactions in Smart Environments: 1st International Workshop on Managing Interactions in Smart Environments (MANSE’99), Dublin, December 1999 / [ed] Nixon, Paddy, Lacey, Gerard and Dobson, Simon, London: Springer-Verlag , 1999, p. 68-79Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes the design and implementation of a natural language interface to a highly interactive space known as the Intelligent Room.

  • 66.
    Colding, Johan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering. Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Academy of Sciences, Sweden.
    Colding, Magnus
    Colding Digital Teknik AB, Sweden.
    Barthel, Stephan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Environmental engineering. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden.
    The smart city model: A new panacea for urban sustainability or unmanageable complexity?2020In: Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, ISSN 2399-8083, Vol. 47, no 1, p. 179-187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite several calls in this journal of debating the rapid growth of the literature on “smart cities”, such a debate has in large been absent. Smart cities are often un-critically launched as a sustainable way of developing cities. When cities become increasingly complex as its features are wired into the Internet, theories for their understanding is lagging behind. As it is prospected that a greater number of people and things will become connected by Information and Computer Technology, the complexity of urban systems will over time increase. Historical insights reveal that as complexity in societies increase, growth in energy consumption tends to follow. In this paper, we discuss whether complexity carried too far could lead to diminishing returns of energy saving and create unmanageable urban systems. As part of initiating such a debate, this commentary asks whether the smart cities development has a bearing on the issue whether a society can erode its capacity of sustaining itself? We pose this question against the backdrop that no one actually knows what type of society the smart cities model in the end will generate.

  • 67.
    Colding, Johan
    et al.
    Beijerinstitutet för ekologisk ekonomi, Stockholm; Stockholm resilience centre, Stockholms unviersitet, Stockholm.
    Marcus, Lars
    KTH arkitekturskolan .
    Andersson, Erik (Contributor)
    Gren, Åsa (Contributor)
    Borgström, Sara (Contributor)
    Ekosystemtjänster i Stockholmsregionen: Ett underlag för diskussion och planering2013Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 68.
    Coppel, Ludovic G.
    et al.
    RISE, STFI-Packforsk.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE, STFI-Packforsk.
    Modelling the effect of simultaneous contrast on perceived whiteness2008In: 4th European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision and 10th International Symposium on Multispectral Colour Science, 2008, p. 183-188Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The perceived colour from a surface does not only depend on its optical properties and the illumination. Several studies have demonstrated the simultaneous contrast effect that makes the appearance of coloured patches depend on neighbouring colours. In this study the perceived whiteness of white patches surrounded by induction fields of different shades was evaluated by asking observers to give a magnitude estimate of perceived whiteness of the patches in comparison to a white reference. The perceived whiteness of patches with identical tristimulus values was highly dependent on the shade of the induction field and the patch size did not significantly affect the perceived whiteness. The recent CIECAM02-m2 colour appearance model was tested together with two whiteness equations. A combination of ClECAM02-m2 and a non-linear whiteness equation defined in the whole colour space predicted much of the observed simultaneous contrast effect. However, the model performed better for dark induction fields than for light induction fields. The model rated patches surrounded by light blue and light yellow equally, whereas the observers clearly rated the patches with light yellow induction field as whiter than the patches with light blue induction field. A deeper analysis of the CIECAM02-m2 model indicated that the simultaneous contrast model used cannot accurately predict the change in hue for high lightness induction fields. A potential improvement for predicting contrast simultaneous effect would be to base the calculations not only on the difference between the induction field and the background, but on the difference between the patch stimulus and the induction field.

  • 69.
    Costeira, João
    et al.
    University of Minho, Portugal.
    Vieira, Manuel
    University of Minho, Portugal.
    Hayati, Abolfazl
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.
    Gomes, João
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.
    Cabral, Diogo
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Energy system.
    Development of a compact and didactic solar energy kit using Arduino2018In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISES EUROSUN 2018 CONFERENCE - 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLAR ENERGY FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY / [ed] Haberle, A., INTL SOLAR ENERGY SOC , 2018, p. 1663-1667Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When the sun rises, so does the key element that will shape the future of the world energy landscape. It is not an understatement to say that the solar energy industry is beginning to lead the path towards a sustainable future for all of us. However, the awareness of the potential of this amazing source of energy must begin from the most basic levels of education all the way to university. The scope of this paper is to display a new compact and didactic solar energy kit with the potential to replace current high cost and complex solar energy kits. These solutions are often too expensive and therefore unavailable for most of Europe’s public schools. As such, an equipment was developed using an open-source platform called Arduino that will enable students to conduct practical experiments in a fast, effective and simple manner and thus allow students to acquire the proper expertise in areas like energy, electronics, and programming.

  • 70.
    Cronhjort, Mikael
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Mathematics.
    Nobuoka, Jakob
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management.
    Ängskog, Per
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Electronics.
    Haga, Andreas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Mårtensson, Gunilla
    Efforts to improve attractiveness of lower level engineering education (concept)2022In: SEFI 2022 - 50th Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education, Proceedings, 2022, p. 1104-1112Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There are nine study programmes awarding the degree bachelor in engineering (högskoleingenjör) at the University of Gävle. Some of these have only a few applicants, even though the graduates are appreciated by a relatively large regional primary and secondary sector industry. A major revision of the programmes is planned. One objective is to increase the attractiveness of the programmes. In the revised programmes, students are proposed to study most courses together during the first year of study, even if they belong to different engineering specializations. This is intended to improve the study environment. Students in programmes with low numbers of applicants will become part of a richer and livelier student collective. However, the attractiveness could further be problematized by asking to whom higher education is attractive. A special focus will be on increasing the admission of students from groups in society that have been underrepresented in higher education. More specifically this may be linked to individual factors such as the educational level of parents, family income, immigrational background and geography. There may also be societal explanations in traditions of gendered professions. Engineering programmes, and especially some of the specializations at the university, are dominated by male students. This study focuses on how universities can take action to further increase the attractiveness of the engineering programmes, with a special regard to groups that are known to be underrepresented among the students.

  • 71.
    Cronhjort, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, Lärande.
    Nyberg, Sara
    KTH, Lärande.
    Naeslund, Lars
    Civilingenjör och lärare – ett bidrag till hållbar ingenjörsutbildning2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vi har studerat hur kombinationsutbildningen Civilingenjör och lärare på KTH bidrar till att avhjälpa lärarbristen och därigenom bidrar till en hållbar ingenjörsutbildning. Studien bygger på data från enkäter och intervjuer med programmets alumner. Enkätmaterialet visar att cirka 30% av alumnerna arbetar i gymnasieskolan, 60% i näringslivet och 10% med övrigt, exempelvis i organisationer eller på universitet. Alumnerna anser sig vara gynnade på arbetsmarknaden. De har ett starkt självförtroende och en mycket positiv bild av den egna kompetensen.

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  • 72.
    Cronhjort, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, Lärande.
    Weurlander, Maria
    KTH, Lärande.
    Student perspectives on flipped classrooms in engineering education2016In: Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference / [ed] J. Björkqvist, K. Edström, R. J. Hugo, J. Kontio, J. Roslöf, R. Sellens, & S. Virtanen, CDIO , 2016, p. 1041-1050Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We used focus group interviews and the student perspective in order to investigate student perceptions of flipped classroom in engineering education. The learning environment included web-based interactive video films, where students had to answer quizzes in order to continue seeing the films, and interactive in-class sessions with clickers. In general the students had experience of flipped classroom in many courses and subjects, and could compare different implementations in physics, mechanics and calculus. We studied perceived advantages, strengths, drawbacks, or difficulties, and students’ views on learning with flipped classroom. Overall, the students were positive, or in one case indifferent to flipped classroom. They saw many advantages, but they also pointed out difficulties and had many opinions about how a flipped learning environment was best implemented. In the interviews, they also expressed their views on learning and described how they studied. Many used rote learning and surface approaches to learning, but many also had a focus on understanding. Some declared an intention to focus on understanding but still used rote learning. Some students expressed a strategic approach to learning with focus on the examination. Heavy workload and a threatening examination system seem to favor surface approaches to learning also in a flipped classroom learning environment. One of our interviewees had dyslexia and described her experience and special conditions. We conclude by suggesting a list of five key elements for flipped classroom. We think that the interplay between these elements is important, and that they are considerably weaker without the support of the others.

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  • 73.
    Dabhilkar, Mandar
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, Ämnesavdelningen för industriell ekonomi.
    Bengtsson, Lars
    University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, Ämnesavdelningen för industriell ekonomi.
    Continuous improvement capability in the Swedish engineering industry2007In: International Journal of Technology Management, ISSN 0267-5730, E-ISSN 1741-5276, Vol. 37, no 3-4, p. 272-289Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article reports findings from the Swedish part of the 2nd International Continuous Improvement Survey. Based on Bessant's evolutionary model of continuous improvement behaviour, the continuous improvement capability level of the Swedish engineering industry is estimated. The data analysis shows that there is a need for progression towards higher continuous improvement capability levels. Therefore, the specific abilities to develop in order to support such a move forward are clarified. In addition to being an illustration of manufacturing practices in Sweden from a continuous improvement perspective, this article contributes to the field of Operations Management by being the first attempt to replicate the work of Bessant via a large-scale survey study. The model is found valid and it shows that development of continuous improvement abilities contribute to the enhancement of plant performance.

  • 74.
    Dahl, Lovisa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
    Hibner, Matilda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
    Egenproduktion av elektricitet via ett bränslecellsfordon på ett mikrobryggeri i Mellansverige: Analys av kostnader och systemverkningsgrad2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A transition in today’s energy system is required to achieve the global goals forsustainable development, where fossil resources should be replaced by renewableenergy sources such as solar and wind energy. As these energy sources have anintermittent energy production, energy storage is required for these to work asmain energy sources. Hydrogen has proven to be a good alternative to fossilresources as it is a promising energy carrier for energy storage, has a high energydensity as well as the production of hydrogen can take place without harmfulemissions. By using the surplus energy produced from renewable energy sources –such as solar and wind power – hydrogen can be extracted through waterelectrolysis. Rising electricity prices has resulted that both individuals andcompanies are paying a high price for their electricity consumption, while there is arisk that the electricity supply at certain times can not cope with the electricitydemand. For this reason, self-production of electric power – partially or completelyself-sufficient – has become increasingly relevant. The thesis was carried out as anenergy and systems analysis, where the purpose was to investigate how hydrogencan be used for electricity production at a microbrewery for beer production incentral Sweden. An overall energy audit and calculation of the breweries energy usewas carried out in Microsoft Excel. A hydrogen system was modeled, and thenanalyzed in terms of total cost and system efficiency. The hydrogen system was thencompared with a photovoltaic system dimensioned with the software Winsun.It could be stated that the breweries existing system entails a total energy demand of35 417 kWh and a total electricity cost of 110 179 SEK/year, with a systemefficiency for electricity supply via the electricity grid of 100%. By integrating a fuelcell vehicle into the brewery 6043 kWh of electricity and 4029 kWh of heat couldbe generated per year. When the total cost of purchased electricity and hydrogenwas calculated, the cost for the hydrogen system amounted to 139 635 SEK/year,where the system efficiency varied between 25–34%. The dimensioned photovoltaicsystem resulted in a cost of 78 758 SEK/year and a system efficiency of 92%, whena straight depreciation period of ten years was assumed. When these systems werecompared regarding total cost and system efficiency, it could be concluded that thephotocoltaic system was the most economically viable alternative for electricityproduction. The hydrogen system was the most expensive alternative and will beabout 30 000 SEK more expensive per year than the reference system, but it shouldbe taken into account that the hydrogensystem also provides a secured electricityavailability as it serves as backup power for any interruptions in the electricity grid.

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  • 75.
    Dahlén, Liselotte
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Hur strategiska beslut fattas i Försvarsmakten2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I den här uppsatsen jämförs Försvarsmaktens sätt att fatta strategiska beslut med några av de beslutsmodeller och roller som beskrivs inom beslutsteorin. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån teorier inom beslutsteori och kognitiv psykologi förstå logiken bakom Försvarsmaktens strategiska besluts­processer. Underlaget kommer dels från litteratur inom områdena, från intervjuer samt i viss mån från myndighetsdokument. 

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  • 76.
    Daianova, Lilia
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling.
    Local production of bioethanol to meet the growing demands of a regional transport system2011In: Proceedings of World Renewable Energy Congress 2011, May 2011, Linköping, Sweden, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy security and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are the driving forces behind the development of renewable fuel sources worldwide. In Sweden, a relatively rapid development in bioethanol usage in transportation has been driven by the implementation of national taxation regulations on carbon neutral transport fuels. The demand for bioethanol to fuel transportation is growing and cannot be met through current domestic production alone. Lignocellulosic ethanol derived from agricultural crop residues may be a feasible alternative source of ethanol to secure a consistent regional fuel supply in Swedish climatic conditions. This paper analyzes how the regional energy system can contribute to reducing CO2 emissions by realizing local small scale bioethanol production and substituting petrol fuel with high blend ethanol mixtures for private road transport. The results show that about 13 000 m3 of bioethanol can be produced from the straw available in the studied region and that this amount can meet the current regional ethanol fuel demand. Replacing the current demand for petrol fuel for passenger cars with ethanol fuel can potentially reduce CO2 emissions from transportation by 48%.

  • 77.
    Danetskaya, Volha
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    'Känslig personuppgift' som mellanbegrepp2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Den snabba tekniska utvecklingen och en ökad globalisering som har skett i världen under de senaste decennierna har bidragit till en större exponering av digitala data och därmed skapat större risker för otillbörlig behandling och användning av person-uppgifter. Skydd av personuppgifter regleras av en EU-förordning som heter Gene-ral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) som trädde i kraft 2018. En kategori av per-sonuppgifter som har fått ett starkare skydd i GDPR är känsliga personuppgifter. Syftet med denna studie är att göra en inledande analys av begreppet ’känslig per-sonuppgift’ som ett mellanbegrepp, med fokus på begreppets grunder och följder vad beträffar tillåten behandling av känsliga personuppgifter inom ramen för GDPR. Genomförandet består av analys av källmaterial som utgörs av lagtext som beskriver begreppet ’känslig personuppgift’ och undantagssituationer som tillåter hantering av denna uppgift (Artikel 9 i GDPR). Resultatet är en analys av begreppet ’känslig per-sonuppgift’ med sju grunder och två villkorliga normativa följder. Följderna innehål-ler tio undantagsvillkor för tillåten behandling av känsliga personuppgifter. Det har visat sig att både grunderna och de tio undantagen potentiellt innehåller mellanbe-grepp som inte är så tydligt formulerade i lagtexten och därför kan kräva en djupare analys. Det kan också vara fallet att det finns ett behov av att vidare analysera grun-derna och undantagen som så kallade grundöppna mellanbegrepp.

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  • 78.
    Daraei, Mahsa
    et al.
    Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi.
    Thorin, Eva
    Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi.
    Avelin, Anders
    Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi.
    Dotzauer, Erik
    Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi.
    Potential biofuel production in a fossil fuel free transportation system: A scenario for the County of Västmanland in Sweden2019In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier , 2019, p. 1330-1336Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Air pollution and increased CO2 concentration in atmosphere and other energy related issues caused a transformative shift in energy system which contributes to increased utilization of renewables as alternative to generate green energy carriers. The potential of renewable resources in different region and potential energy conversion have been largely considered by many researcher in many countries. The energy conversion technologies to produce heat, electricity, and transportation fuels have made impressive technical advances. Sweden has also been challenging with mitigation of CO2 emission and trying to shift into a fossil fuel free system in all energy sectors. This paper deals with the current status of fuel demand and supply in the transport sector in a County in Sweden. A scenario for a fossil fuel free transport sector at a regional level is developed to investigate the potential biofuel production from regionally produced straw. The results and analysis indicate that the potential for cereal based bioethanol production in the region is sufficient to meet the biofuel demand of the County. Using the fallow land for cereal cultivation, it is feasible to shift into a fossil fuel free transportation system where all passenger cars are fueled by bioethanol. The results and finding from the current paper will be used to develop further study on optimization of local biofuel production integrated with CHP plants considering application of other feedstock such as municipal wastes.

  • 79. de Freitas, Marlos Rocha
    et al.
    Lopes Pimenta, Marcio
    Hilletofth, Per
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Jugend, Daniel
    Oprime, Pedro Carlos
    Demand management: the role of cross-functional integration in a context of political turbulence2020In: Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, ISSN 1355-5855, E-ISSN 1758-4248, Vol. 32, no 3, p. 817-839Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose of this study is to investigate how cross-functional integration supports the execution of the demand-side processes and its effects on both the demand and supply-side processes.

    Design/methodology/approach

    A case study was conducted including a Brazilian multinational manufacturer in the automobile industry and some of its suppliers and dealers. 17 interviews were conducted. A theoretical framework is proposed containing five basic elements, they are: characteristics of the demand/supply processes; involved functions; integration factors; context influencers and impacts of integration on demand and supply processes.

    Findings

    The findings present three demand-side processes (Product Launch, Marketing and Sales and Demand Planning) that demonstrated a greater need for cross-functional integration in the studied case, mainly through informal integration factors.

    Research limitations/implications

    The empirical results of this study have methodological limitations due to the use of the case study method. Future research should analyze the effects of other context influencers (e.g. natural catastrophes, civil wars and low level of unemployment) on cross-functional integration.

    Practical implications

    The results highlight that joint planning, willingness to work together, team spirit, adequate communication and cross-functional meetings helped the studied organizations to achieve competitive advantages and improve their performance.

    Originality/value

    This study provides a theoretical framework that helped to improve the understanding of the interrelationships between demand management constructs and cross-functional integration factors. There are indications that a political–economic crisis has stimulated the existence of a willingness to work together and group spirit among employees who remain in the organization after mass dismissals. This climate of cooperation helped to increase the agility and resilience of the studied supply chain, which is currently affected by a changing market.

  • 80.
    Derevyanchuk, E. D.
    et al.
    Penza State University, Penza, Russia.
    Shestopalov, Yury
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mathematics.
    Derevyanchuk, Natalia V.
    Penza State University, Penza, Russia.
    Reconstruction of Electromagnetic Parameters of a Thin Anisotropic Dielectric Slab2018In: 2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama), 2018, p. 1968-1972Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reconstruction of electromagnetic parameters of artificial materials is an urgent problem [1], [2]. In practice, as a rule, these parameters cannot be directly measured. Therefore, methods of mathematical modeling must be applied. Conventional waveguide measurement equipment employs network analyzers and dielectric samples having the simplest shape of a parallelepiped adjusted to the walls of a standard rectangular waveguide. Such setups open the way to use well-developed analytical-numerical techniques [3], [4] of determining permittivity and other parameters of the inclusion using accurate closed-form solutions and asymptotic approximations. This work is a continuation of the series of papers [3], [4] devoted to the analysis of inverse problems of finding permittivity and permeability of layered materials. We apply a specially developed mathematical and numerical technique that combines analytical and numerical approaches providing the results with guaranteed accuracy. Particularly, we develop the methods [3] of determining permittivity and permeability tensors of anisotropic materials in a rectangular waveguide.

  • 81.
    Derovyanchuk, E. D.
    et al.
    Penza State University, Penza, Russia.
    Smirnov, Y. G.
    Penza State University, Penza, Russia.
    Shestopalov, Yury
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mathematics.
    Reconstructing Permittivity and Permeability of Multi-Sectional Anisotropic Diaphragms2018In: 2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama), 2018, p. 1963-1967Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A great variety of new and artificial materials have been created during the last decades, such as metamaterials, various composites and many others. To analyze and determine the characteristics of such materials advanced mathematical methods are applied. This work is devoted to the developing the technique for reconstruction of electromagnetic parameters of multi-sectional anisotropic diaphragms in a waveguide of rectangular cross section. To solve this inverse problem we make use of the method of rotation applied for anisotropic materials and reconstruct the quantities to be determined, including the diaphragm positions, from the values of the transmission coefficient measured at different frequencies. The efficiency and accuracy of computations are validated in the course of analytical-numerical solution to the inverse problem. The developed techniques and obtained results can be implemented in practical measurements when anisotropic materials and media with unknown properties are investigated with the aid of commonly used waveguide devices and analyzers.

  • 82.
    Domingues, Ana Rita
    et al.
    Department of Management, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; CENSE, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal .
    Lozano, Rodrigo
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production. Organisational Sustainability, Ltd., Cardiff, United Kingdom .
    Ceulemans, Kim
    University of Victoria, Gustavson School of Business, Centre for Social and Sustainable Innovation, Victoria, BC, Canada .
    Ramos, Tomás B.
    CENSE, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal .
    Sustainability reporting in public sector organisations: exploring the relation between the reporting process and organisational change management for sustainability2017In: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 192, p. 292-301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainability Reporting has become a key element in different organisations. Although there have been a number of academic publications discussing the adoption of sustainability reports in the public sector, their numbers have been quite low when compared to those focussing on corporate reports. Additionally, there has been little research on the link between sustainability reporting in Public Sector Organisations (PSOs) and Organisational Change Management for Sustainability (OCMS). This paper focuses on the contribution of sustainability reporting to OCMS. A survey was sent to all PSOs that have published at least one sustainability report based on the GRI guidelines. The study provides a critical analysis of the relation between sustainability reporting and OCMS in PSOs, including the drivers for reporting, the impacts on organisation change management, and the role of stakeholders in the process. Despite still lagging in sustainability reporting journey, PSOs are starting to use sustainability reporting as a communication tool, and this could drive organisational changes for sustainability.

  • 83.
    Dominic, Chris
    Innventia AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Supply and demand chain integration: A case study conducted in the packaging industry2013In: Packaging technology & science, ISSN 0894-3214, E-ISSN 1099-1522, no 1, p. 51-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    The purpose of this work was to study the packaging supplier and the integration of integrating packaging suppliers into the supply and demand chain (SDC). The packaging industry has been analyzed using a structured market analysis, and the companies studied have been positioned in an integration model for packaging suppliers. In addition, case studies were conducted to study the development of the packaging industry and its integration within the SDC in the Scandinavian region.

    The analysis shows that there are gaps in the business relations between the packaging companies studied and the SDC. Most of the packaging suppliers were not integrated into the SDC. Valuable information, available in the network, seldom reaches the packaging supplier who holds the knowledge necessary to create and offer innovative packaging solutions.

    The article provides an empirical exploration into the field of packaging, logistics and SDC integration and an original conceptual framework that could serve as a theoretical framework for future research work applied in the packaging industry and an interesting business model to the increase understanding of packaging supply chain integration.

  • 84.
    Dominic, Chris
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    The role of communication, environmental sustainability, and innovation in packaging strategy2021In: IAPRI proceeding / [ed] David Shires, East Lansing, Michigan USA, 2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This research purpose is to generate knowledge about locally produced companies packaging strategies related to communication, environmental sustainability, and innovation. Additionally, it studies how the areas mentioned can provide companies with a competitive advantage. Case studies have been conducted on Swedish brand owners in the consumable market, evolved from literature studies. The case companies value genuineness in their communication strategy and precisely when connected to the location, focusing on specific attributes that communicate stories about the brand related to its origin. Packaging materials used, so it correlates with how the company wants to be perceived by the consumer. All companies incorporate some form of an environmentally sustainable strategy. The companies project exclusivity through shape choice, material use, location and heritage profiling, retail location, and the usability of the packaging, which also provides a competitive advantage for the companies. The study will aid new and established corporations in missing a dedicated packaging strategy related to the categories discussed. Instead of investing time and resources in dedicated research, this study may help companies gain further insight by providing information on how established and newly formed companies already navigate their packaging strategy regarding communication, environmental sustainability, and innovation. As previous literature has not explored the researched area, this study has contributed to packaging information and served as a portal to brand owners’ decisions regarding the categories. The study aimed to provide information about the packaging strategy of brand owners. However, it does not take into inconsideration any potential financial gain. The study was not able to be verified by repetition. The study is limited to three brand owners related to consumer packaging.

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    Innovation in Packaging Strategy
  • 85.
    Dominic, Chris
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production.
    Olsmats, Carl
    Höskolan Dalarna.
    Four-dimensional concurrent engineering: an extended theoretical framework integrating packaging2019In: Four-dimensional concurrent engineering: an extended theoretical framework integrating packaging / [ed] Roland ten Klooster, IAPRI , 2019, p. 48-48Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper takes on the challenge to integrate packaging in a concept of four-dimensional concurrent engineering (4DCE). The purpose is to explore a conceptual model and empirically evaluate the specific performance of packaging in interrelation with product and processes in the Supply Chain (SC). The objectives are to better understand the concepts of packaging logistics and logistics management in the SC. The conceptual model 4DCE is developed based on the three-dimensional concurrent engineering theories.The tool Packaging Scorecard is applied to evaluate the concurrent performance of packaging throughout the SC. The packaging system involves many actors that are integrated into the 4DCE framework with focus on interaction of SC and logistics in relation to packaging and product, with the overall aim to operate as effectively and efficiently as possible. In order to explore the potential of the 4DCE framework, empirical verification and testing of the concept has been carried out. The process has been done through multiple in-depth, action-oriented case studies in three different industries on the Swedish market. The case studies covered holistic aspects on the packaging system.The concept 4DCE contributes to packaging logistics theory by providing a framework for assessment incorporating complex and dynamic interactions between product, packaging, logistics and SC. Furthermore, the holistic packaging development concept is ensured by increasing knowledge of the packaging system and how it interacts with actors and performs to fulfil requirements along the SC. The 4DCE provides valuable data for packaging development processes in the cases, however there is a need for broader studies in different industries.

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    FDCE
  • 86.
    Dominic, Chris
    et al.
    Department of Solid Mechanics and Department of Industrial Marketing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Östlund, S.
    Department of Solid Mechanics and Department of Industrial Marketing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Buffington, J.
    Department of Solid Mechanics and Department of Industrial Marketing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Masoud, M. M.
    Department of Solid Mechanics and Department of Industrial Marketing, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Towards a Conceptual Sustainable Packaging Development Model: A Corrugated Box Case Study2015In: Packaging Technology and Science, ISSN 0894-3214, Vol. 28, p. 397-413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Corrugated package designers are focused on balancing the need for product protection, material use efficiency and the packaging material’s impact on the environment in the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual sustainable packaging model that integrates the variables of technical design,supply chain systems and environmental factors and then use the model to identify to improve upon corrugated container design.

    A model was developed, from the extant literature, and a case study was performed on a corrugated container. This is believed to be a unique integrated model of most relevant agents related to the design and implementation of a corrugated box through a supply chain from design to potential post-consumer reuse.

    From this study, we found opportunities to improve the environmental design of the corrugated container through four ex ante design stages, and two ex post facto supply chain stages. Further, research can evaluateand refine this model via a ‘live supply chain’ for use in guiding corrugated box material selection designand reuse/recycling. Integration of the design criterion for a unit load in the supply chain creates opportunityto observe the packaging system holistically. Waste in the manufacturing process and CO2 emissions aretraced along the materialflow until the end of its useful life to provide an overall picture of the packaging system.

  • 87.
    Dragicevic, Domagoj
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
    Kvittningsmetoden vid rekrytering2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A recruitment process can be demanding work for the hiring manager where the applicantsmay have to be compared with regard to several aspects. Doing this holisticallycan be difficult and important details can be missed. Using a theoretical frameworkcan therefore facilitate this work. The even-swap method is a decision analyticmethod that can be effective when comparing alternatives with many aspects. Thepurpose of the study is to investigate whether the even-swap method can be a toolfor recruiting managers in a recruitment situation. To investigate this, six managerswith personnel responsibility were interviewed. After an initial pilot interview,some changes were made to the interview planning and another pilot interview wasconducted. Before the first interview, the respondents had to take part in a fictitiouscase with a list of ten candidates, five of whom would be selected to proceed to interview.Each candidate was described based on a number of aspects whose relevancewas mentioned up in the situation description. A few days after this, the managerswere interviewed regarding their choices, whereupon a text describing theeven-swap method, as well as a consequence matrix with a ranking table, was sentover to the respondents so that they could prepare for interview round two. A newinterview was then scheduled where they would apply the even-swap method to thesame fictitious situation. The result showed that all managers changed one to threecandidates in the comparison between the choices when applying their own methodsof approach and when applying the even-swap method. The managers expressed aninterest in using the method as a tool in future recruitments as it enabled a goodoverview of the candidates and thereby contributed to minimizing the risk of detailsbeing missed. At the same time, the managers felt that the method was initially difficultto use, and some indicated that they had difficulties with the valuation regardingthe swaps. The study indicates that the even-swap method could be a useful tool in arecruitment process provided there is enough practice and that it is applied in theright way at the right stage of the process.

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  • 88.
    Duvner, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Fallgropar vid offentlig upphandling ur ett beslutsteoretiskt perspektiv2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Upphandlingsprocessen kan ses som en form av beslutsprocess. Inom beslutsteori har det under flera år forskats om psykologiska fällor och misstag vid beslutsfattande. Det finns en hel del teorier om hur dessa fällor och misstag kan undvikas. Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra fallgropar vid beslutsfattande med fallgropar vid offentlig upphandling samt analysera hur resultaten från den beslutsteoretiska forskningen kan användas som stöd i upphandlingsarbetet. Resultatet visar att likheterna är många och att resultatet från den beslutsteorietiska forskningen på ett enkelt sätt kan konkretiseras och användas i upphandlingsarbetet.

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  • 89.
    Edgélius, Liza
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Computer and Geospatial Sciences.
    Prioritet för planerbara åtgärder inom hälso- och sjukvården: - Analys av aspekterna prioritetsgrad för åtgärd och patients hälso- och sjukvårdsbehov som flerdimensionella begrepp2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Hälso- och sjukvården ska verka utifrån olika lagar där hälso- och sjukvårdslagen beskriver målsättning och riktlinjer för hälso- och sjukvården. Hälso- och sjukvården kan behöva genomföra prioriteringar om det finns brist på kapacitet till att ge vård till alla invånare som har hälso- och sjukvårdsbehov samtidigt som vården ska ges på lika villkor. Vid kapacitetsbrist ska hälso- och sjukvårdens resurser enligt hälso- och sjukvårdslagen prioriteras till de patienter som har bedömts till att ha ett högre hälso- och sjukvårdsbehov framför de patienter som har bedömts ha ett lägre behov. Att prioritera innebär att ”rangordna eller välja ut” och är centralt vid beslut om när ett vårdbehov är mer angeläget att tillfredsställas före ett med ett lägre vårdbehov. Syftet med examensarbetet är att analysera några centrala begrepp som finns inom lagstiftning och styrdokument för offentlig hälso- och sjukvård med koppling till bedömning av patients hälso- och sjukvårdsbehov och prioritetsgrad på åtgärd. Med aggregationsteori som teoretiskt ramverk analyseras begreppen hälso- och livskvalitetstillstånd, hälso- och sjukvårdsbehov, hälso- och livskvalitetseffekt och kostnadseffektivitet som flerdimensionella aspekter som är centrala vid bedömningen av en åtgärds prioritet. Ett resultat av analysen är aggregationsträd som visualiserar den grundläggande strukturen för de sammanvägningar som behöver göras i samband med bedömning av prioritetsgrad för åtgärd inom hälso- och sjukvården. Resultatet skulle kunna användas i vidare arbete att skapa mer transparenta och jämlika prioriteringsbeslut som i förlängningen kan skapa vård på än mer lika villkor för befolkningen.

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  • 90.
    Edman Wallér, Jon
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Värdering av vårdhygienisk kvalitet på sjukhusavdelningar2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Vårdrelaterade infektioner är bland de vanligaste orsakerna till vårdskador i svensk sjukvård. Att förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner kräver ett målmedvetet arbete med hygienrutiner i alla delar av vårdkedjan och att de vårdgivande enheterna får tydlig och konkret återkoppling på sitt vårdhygieniska arbete. Syftet med detta magisterarbete var att ta fram en modell för att, med hjälp av beslutsteoretiska metoder, sammanfatta de kvalitetsmätningar som görs på ett svenskt sjukhus (Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus, Borås) för att ge en återkoppling av den vårdhygieniska kvaliteten hos sjukhusets avdelningar. Arbetet genomfördes som ett aktionsforskningsprojekt, där teori och praktik samspelar i ett cykliskt förlopp för att lösa ett specifikt problem. Slutresultatet blev en färgkodad matris över mätvärden kopplade till olika jämförelsenivåer. Modellen ger en helhetsbild där detaljer samtidigt framgår tydligt, men saknar den viktning av olika aspekter som är vanlig inom beslutsteoretiska bedömningsinstrument. En tydlig utmaning var att beslutsteoretiska modeller kan upplevas som abstrakta och svårförståeliga för en lekman, vilket till viss del begränsar deras användning som ett återkopplingsverktyg.

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  • 91.
    Ehn, Jenny
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Energy Systems and Building Technology.
    Energikartläggning med fokus på ventilation: En fallstudie som undersöker underhåll och dess inverkan på fastigheter2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    För att kunna reducera de effekter som klimatförändringarna orsakar behöver energisystemen effektiviseras. Eftersom fastighetsbeståndet idag mestadels består av äldre byggnader, blir renoveringar och effektiviseringar viktiga för att kunna få ner energianvändningen. För att renovering och effektivisering ska gynna både klimatet och fastighetsägaren bör det planeras långsiktigt redan från start samt inkludera ett livscykeltänk. Syftet med detta arbete är att utföra en energikartläggning av en kontorsbyggnad från 1988 som är belägen i Gävle samt presentera eventuella energibesparingsåtgärder. Huvudfokus har varit på frågan om hur olika typer av underhåll och underhållsskulder påverkar en fastighet, med störst inriktning på den tekniska utrustningen. Metoder som använts i arbetet har varierat från praktiska mätningar till en litteraturstudie och intervjuer. För att få en inblick om förvaltningsbolag vet vad en underhållsskuld är skickades en enkät ut med några frågor kring ämnet. Energikartläggningen visade att kontorsbyggnaden är i bra skick och de åtgärder som presenteras berör ventilation och värmesystemet. Ett byte av ventilationsaggregatet föreslås som reducerar värmeanvändningen med 15 % och elanvändningen med 28% samt minskar utsläppen med 2,7 ton CO2 per år. Återbetalningstiden är lång, men en LCC-kalkyl beräknad på 20 år redovisar att bytet är lönsamt långsiktigt. Behålls det gamla aggregatet kan tilluftstemperaturen sänkas och innetemperaturen justeras ned med någon grad. Detta bidrar till att reducera värmeanvändningen med 13 %. Resultatet som framkom i litteraturstudien samt intervjuer visar att eftersatt underhåll leder till att fastighetens värde minskar och att pålitligheten för systemen reduceras, vilket ökar risken för dåligt inneklimat. Det förebyggande underhållet syftar till att utrustningen ska hålla optimal prestanda medans felavhjälpande underhåll sker när komponenten tappat sin funktion. Förebyggande underhåll visar sig mer kostnadseffektivt jämfört med felavhjälpande underhåll. Arbetsbelastningen och underhållskostnaden kommer öka i takt med underhållsskulden samtidigt som en försämring av fastighetens livslängd sker. Sammanställningen av enkäten visade att förvaltningsbolagen har koll på vad en underhållsskuld är och att de svarande bolagen jobbar med ett livcykeltänk.

    Nyckelord: Energikartläggning, Energieffektivisering, Underhåll

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  • 92.
    Ekberg, Julia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Madani, Hanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Optimering av tillverkningskvantiteter2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    För att öka lönsamheten hos ett tillverkande företag är det viktigt att ha optimala tillverkningskvantiteter så att resurserna utnyttjas optimalt. Hur ett tillverkande företag utnyttjar produktionen påverkar effektiviteten i produktionssystemet, lagret och hos personalen. Syftet med denna studie är att hitta en metod för att optimera tillverkningskvantiteter så att kostnaden per produkt blir så låg som möjligt. I denna studie har vi använt oss av företagets distributör i Indien som ett exempel för hur en manuell produktion ser ut i dagslägen och jämför hur kostnaderna skulle se ut om denna produktion skulle ske maskinellt.

    Arbetet är en fallstudie där tillverkningskvantiteter analyseras. Både kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning har bedrivits för att få en djupare förståelse av problemet. I arbetet ingår bland annat teorier som rör lager, partiformning och kostnader som rör tillverkning och orderhantering. Ett antal observationer och intervjuer har utförts för att för att få en djupare inblick i tillverkning och hantering av produkter hos företag. Empirisk data som nämns är beskrivningar av företagets produktionssystem och lager.

    Denna studie resulterar i att ”företag” bör använda partiformningsmetoden "Ekonomisk orderkvantitet" för optimering av tillverkningskvantiteter. Metoden går ut på att balansera ordersärkostnader och lagerhållningskostnader. Är dessa kostnader likvärdiga uppnås den mest kostnadseffektiva tillverkningskvantiteten. Studien har resulterat i en lathund där den mest optimala tillverkningskvantiteten presenteras beroende på produktefterfrågan per år.

    En analys av distributören Indiens order resulterar i att ”företag” bör producera ordrar likt Indiens beställningar maskinellt istället för omarbetning manuellt vilket sker i dagsläget. Redan vid en tillverkningskvantitet på 120 produkter är maskinell bearbetning mest kostnadseffektivt jämfört med en manuell ombearbetning. 

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  • 93.
    Ekenberg, Moa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
    Lärares användning av begrepp i teknikundervisningen: Hur, när och varför lärare använder begrepp2016Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Teknik är ett ämne som inte är självklart inom den svenska skolan trots att det har en egen kursplan och är ett självständigt ämne. I och med att teknikämnet inte har samma plats i undervisningen finns det begränsat med forskning om begreppsanvändning i teknikundervisningen. Syftet med den här undersökningen är att kartlägga lärares användning av begrepp i teknikundervisningen. Undersökningen har ägt rum genom en internetbaserad enkätundersökning. Undersökningen visar att lärare använder begrepp på varierande sätt i teknikundervisningen. Begrepp används i sammanhang som är teoretiska, praktiska samt i kombination teori och praktik. Anledningen till att lärare använder begrepp är att tydliggöra teknikämnet, att eleverna ska utveckla sitt språk, för att styrdokumenten säger så samt för att öka elevernas kunskap och lärande. Begrepp är ett viktigt redskap för att berika undervisningen och för att ge eleverna möjligheter till djupare förståelse och kunskap. 

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  • 94.
    Elenius, Mikael
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Decision, Risk and Policy Analysis.
    Beslutsanalys av medicinska åldersbedömningar inom asylprocessen2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A framework for a decision analysis method that is based on the principle of maximization of the expected utility regarding alternatives of age assessment for unaccompanied asylum seekers is here presented. Using the framework, different methods (dental, knee joint, hand wrist and the method used by The National Board of Forensic Medicine (RMV) that combines the methods for dental och knee joint) for medical age assessment are compared. These methods are further compared with three benchmark alternatives, (i) to trust the age given by the unaccompanied asylum seeker which results that all are considered to be children, (ii) to consider all the unaccompanied asylum seekers as adults and (iii) the absurd alternative to flip a coin to decide who is a child or an adult.

    For the decision analysis, assumptions and/or estimates for the age distribution of the unaccompanied refugees are needed and estimates for the different methods regarding how probably it is to be considered an adult given the actual age. The outcome of a child that is incorrectly classified is assumed to give the lowest utility and a correct classification (both children and adult) is assumed to give the highest utility. The utility of the outcome of an adult that is incorrectly classified as a child needs to be quantified.

    The age distribution of unaccompanied refugee, considered for age assessment is here assumed to be a combination of two continuous uniform distributions, with the interval 15-18 years (child) and 18-21 years (adult). Two utility models are examined, a discrete model that only consider if the individual is a child or an adult and a continuously linear utility model that consider the age difference from 18 years given an incorrect classification.

    The analyzes carried out demonstrates how the framework can be used in practice. Given the assumptions that are made the conclusion is that the alternative that gives the highest expected utility depends on the prevalence (proportion of adults) together with the valuation of the utility for an incorrect classified adult. Regardless of the valuation, when the prevalence is close to 0 all should be considered to be children, when the prevalence increases should be replaced with a method that largely classifies children correct when the prevalence is further increased should be replaced with a method that largely classifies adults correct and finally, when the prevalence is close to 1 all should be considered as adults.

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  • 95.
    El-masry, Farah
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering.
    Bayar, Ayse
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Management, Industrial Design and Mechanical Engineering.
    Ledarskapets roll i att främja hälsa inom vården under Corona-pandemin: En fallstudie inom vården2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 96.
    Emmerich, Franck
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Anticipating a bid/no-bid decision model for an ICT service company2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report analyses and describes how the bid/no-bid decisions are made at one ICT service company. The analysis is based on current available research within the area of multi criteria decision analysis to enhance the company’s decision process. It proposes how the bid engagement decision can be structured and evaluated. Through a questionnaire at the ICT company, data from its own bids was collected to identify the factors perceived to be relevant to the bid/no bid decision. It is found that the factors can vary depending on industry, market and potentially bid situation, requiring experts’ assessment of which factors to use for each bid situation. Concluding the study, an initial bid model is proposed, but with reservations due to lack of validation in real life situations. A recommendation to expand the existing bid model with probability distribution based risk estimates is made.

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  • 97.
    Engblom, Markus
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Framgångsrik Implementation av Lean: Förbättrade möjligheter med implementationsmodell2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Lean production is the name given to Toyota’s Production System (TPS) by the west. The continuous improvements of their operations through Lean has made Toyota into the largest car manufacturer in the world. This, in turn, has led to several studies regarding both Toyota and their system as to find ways to apply Lean in other organizations. Even so, over 90 percent of all companies fail to implement Lean. Thus it becomes increasingly interesting to research as to how Lean, successfully, should be implemented.

     

    The purpose of this thesis is to construct a model which will aid companies with the implementation process and to further the rate of success. Factors regarding what makes for a successful as well as a failed implementation will be analyzed. 

     

    A case study is used with two different companies in order to analyze empirical data in comparison to earlier research. One company represents a more successful case and the other a less successful one. 

     

    The main findings of this paper is the order of which different aspects of Lean is to be implemented to increase the possibilities for successful implementation. Furthermore the emphasis on a, for Lean, correct leadership within the company that requires genuine understanding and commitment.

     

    The conclusion is displayed as a model where one can see the crucial steps in order to increase the success rate regarding the implementation of Lean. The main points of the model is the importance of support from leaders in combination with an accepting culture where people are of significant importance. The model can be viewed in chapter 6. 

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  • 98.
    Englund, Clara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management.
    Jämförelse av manliga och kvinnliga ledares arbetssätt för en hållbar utveckling: En multifallstudie av fyra företag.2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The environmental and climate change is a result of the earth's resources being consumed in a way that is not sustainable. We can see that this will lead to consequences for both humans and the environment for instance through the global temperature rise (Global Portal 2018). This study refers to highlight any differences between male and female leadership styles in organizations towards sustainable development. It also illustrates differences according to municipal or private owned companies. The study is conducted through multi case studies. Qualitative interviews have been conducted to highlight leadership styles towards sustainable development and some of the UN's 17 global goals for a sustainable development. The result of the study is presented in a chart. The results illustrate that the women leader is more aware and engaged in the company’s work towards a sustainable development. It is also highlighted that the male leader in the private company has a similar leadership style as the women leader in the municipal company. This study contributes to theory by result in characteristic differences between women and male leaders. Contributions to theory is also given by differences between municipal and private companies. A limitation in this study is that the result may vary depending on participating companies. If the same companies are participating the chance of getting the same result is high. A recommendation for further studies is to analyze if work on sustainable development gets effected by age of the leader.

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  • 99.
    Englund, Marcus
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Sahlström Moen, Simon
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building, Energy and Environmental Engineering.
    Energikartläggning av Kv. Freden, Gävle: Simulering av åtgärder och dess energibesparingspotential med modellerings- och simuleringsprogram IDA ICE2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon dioxide levels are increasing as a consequence of larger energy use worldwide. This has led to regulations and rules of emission and energy consumption. In order to stop global warming and reduce energy consumption, EU has agreed on four common goals to achieve by the year 2020, also known as the 20-20-20 goals. Sweden has also come up with its own environmental goals to achieve by the year 2020. They include increasing the share of renewable energy by at least 50 percent, improve the use of energy by at least 20 percent and increase the share of renewable energy in the transportation sector by at least 10 percent.   Due to the laws and requirements related to stricter energy consumption and carbon emissions companies strive to use more energy efficient technology and more energyconscious behavior. Energy audit is an effective and an important tool in identifying and illustrating a company's energy usage for the clarification of future measures and improvement.  The thesis aims to illustrate Kv. Freden's use of energy and come up with both economically and energy saving measures to reduce its and other similar building's energy consumption. Six questions have been used to determine the energy distribution in the building and find defects in the management and maintenance of the indoor climate and develop cost-effective solutions for the choice of measures.   Five methods were chosen for approaching and answering the questions. A literature review was performed using keywords such as "Energy Saving", "Energy Audit" and "Behaviour" in online databases containing scientific articles. Thereafter an empirical analysis of the data supplied for the building was performed, which enabled modeling and simulation of the building in the program IDA ICE 4.6.1. A thermography and a qualitative survey regarding energy conscious behavior were performed as proof of assumptions.  The ventilation in this thesis is found inadequate after applied methods.  With simulated FTX-systems installed in the building, a maximum energy saving potential about 17 percent is achieved, which corresponds to a energy use of 97 kWh/m2. Excluding FTX, the simulated measures which prove to be the most profitable for the building is the sealing of doors and windows in order to reduce infiltration. These two measures are the most cost effective energy saving solutions regarding Kv. Freden and similar buildings.  The building's simulated energy use is represented by 29 percent electricity and 71 percent of district heating usage, which compared with the energy data provided by Gävle Energi relates to a reliability equivalent to 97.5 percent and 96 percent. The simulation program IDA ICE proved to be an efficient tool for the simulation of a building's energy use and application of possible measures.

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    Energikartläggning av Kv. Freden, Gävle
  • 100.
    Engström, Gabriella
    et al.
    School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Hilletofth, Per
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Industrial Development, IT and Land Management, Industrial economics. University of Gävle, Center for Logistics and Innovative Production. Jönköping University.
    Eriksson, David
    School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Sollander, Kristina
    School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
    Drivers and barriers of reshoring in the Swedish manufacturing industry2018In: World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research (WRITR), ISSN 1749-4729, E-ISSN 1749-4737, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 195-220Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to explore reshoring drivers and barriers in the Swedish manufacturing industry. The research is based on case research including five case companies from the Swedish manufacturing industry with experience of manufacturing reshoring. The empirical findings are compared to the existing literature to identify any potential gaps between the existing literature and the Swedish manufacturing context. The findings suggest that quality related issues, an increased degree of automation, and improved cost performance at the home base are the strongest reshoring drivers for Swedish manufacturing companies. The identified drivers and barriers are transferable and have the potential to be building blocks for researchers and practitioners to better understand the reshoring phenomena. The findings also show that further research should focus on reshoring drivers and barriers in relation to specific reshoring characteristics (e.g., ownership, scale of production being reshored, and position in the supply chain).

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