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  • 1.
    Aare, Therese
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Wernh, Weronica
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Emotionella upplevelser och emotionsreglering i samband med en nedskärningsprocess2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate emotions and emotion regulation of a downsizing in an industrial company. The sample consisted of persons who had experienced a downsizing but have kept the employment, within a same position or being transferred to another one. Data consisted of two focus group interviews, analysed by an inductive thematic analysis. The results have indicated that emotional reactions changed over time as well the emotional regulation did during the different phases. The groups differed in emotional reaction related to the time of decision regarding the retention of employment. One conclusion is that fast and accurate information during the different phases of a downsizing process may lead to more positive emotional reactions, which in consequence may result in a positive experience of the reduction process as a whole. The confidence in management increased across the time, due to its decisiveness during the process of downsizing.

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  • 2.
    Aasa, Björn
    et al.
    Umeå universitet.
    Sandlund, Jonas
    Umeå universitet.
    Rudolfsson, Thomas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    Umeå universitet.
    Acuity of goal-directed arm movements and movement control; evaluation of differences between patients with persistent neck/shoulder pain and healthy controls2022In: European Journal of Physiotherapy, ISSN 2167-9169, E-ISSN 2167-9177, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 47-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The main aim was to examine whether patients with persistent upper quadrant pain have higher end-point variability in goal directed pointing movements than pain-free controls when the pointing task is performed in total darkness and under full vision. An additional aim was to study associations between the magnitude of end-point variability and a clinical movement control test battery and self-rated functioning among patients.

    Methods

    Seventeen patients and 17 age- and gender-matched pain-free controls performed a pointing task that evaluated end-point variability of repetitive shoulder movements in horizontal adduction and abduction with full vision, and abduction with no visual information, completed a movement control test battery of neck and shoulder control tests and answered questionnaires.

    Results

    Patients had higher end point variability for horizontal abduction when performed with no visual information. For horizontal adduction the variability was higher, but only when it was controlled for movement time. No significant correlations were found between end-point variability and self-rated functioning, nor between end-point variability and neuromuscular control of the glenohumeral joint.

    Conclusions

    This study provides preliminary evidence that patients with persistent neck/shoulder pain can partly compensate proprioceptive deficits in goal-directed arm movement when visual feedback is present.

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  • 3.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, CBF. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, University of Umeå, Sweden.
    Jensen, B. R.
    Sandfeld, J.
    Richter, Hans
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, CBF. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Lyskov, Eugene
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, CBF. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Crenshaw, Albert G.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, CBF. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    The impact of object size and precision demands on fatigue during computer mouse use2011In: Advances in Physiotherapy, ISSN 1403-8196, E-ISSN 1651-1948, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 118-127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Prolonged computer use, especially if fatigue ensues, is associated with visual and musculoskeletal symptoms. The aim was to determine the time-course of perceived fatigue in the wrist, forearm, shoulder and eyes during a 60-min mouse task (painting rectangles), and whether object size and/or mouse use demands were of influence. Also, we investigated performance (number of rectangles painted), and whether perceived fatigue was paralleled by local muscle fatigue or tissue oxygenation. Ten women performed the task for three conditions (crossover design). At condition 1, rectangles were 45 × 25 mm, square paint cursor size 1.3 × 1.3 mm, and mousepointer movement ratio 1:26. At condition 2, the same cursor size and mousepointer movement ratio was used, but rectangles were smaller. At condition 3, the smaller rectangles were used, but the cursor size was also smaller and mousepointer movement ratio was 1:8. The results showed increased self-reported fatigue over time, with the observed increase greater for the eyes, but no change in physiological responses. Condition 2 resulted in higher performance and increased eye fatigue. Perceived fatigue in the muscles or physiological responses did not differ between conditions. In conclusion, computer work tasks imposing high visual and motor demands, and with high performance, seemed to have an influence on eye fatigue. 

  • 4.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    et al.
    Umeå universitet.
    Wiitavaara, Birgitta
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Personalens hälsa och arbetsmiljö2016In: Prehospital akutsjukvård / [ed] Björn-Ove Suserud, Lars Lundberg, Stockholm: Liber, 2016, 2, p. 72-79Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Aasum Hultberg, Rosanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Det är väl på sätt och vis det heteronormativa samhället som har gjort mig till transperson […]”: En enkätstudie med transpersoner2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim was to study transgender persons’ experiences of, and reactions upon, attitudes and social norms in relation to their gender identity. Another question that was relevant to answer was how transgender persons are affected by the hetero norm. The method used to collect data was through questionnaires published on the internet. The only requirement to participate was to be a transgender over 18 years old, and when the survey closed, 35 respondents had answered it. The questionnaire consisted of both quantitative and qualitative questions. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.

    The results indicate that transgender persons living conditions are largely affected by norms, and that they encounter a considerable amount of negative attitudes due to their gender identity. To "pass" as either man or woman turned out to be something that made it easier for transgender people to evade negative attitudes.

    One hope is that this study can provide knowledge to different instances in the community to open up to be more open to critical thinking around norms.

    The conclusion was that persons with a transgender identity are affected by societal norms and by heteronormativity. It takes a lot of courage to be able to be one self but everything boils down to how strong a person are and the availability of support and role models in the surrounding society. 

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  • 6.
    Abasova, Berivan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Lundström, Mia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    ”En medvetenhet som vi inte hade tidigare”: Hur socialtjänsten arbetar med sönerna i en familj vid misstanke om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate how the social services work with the situation of home-based sons in a family where there is suspicion of honor-related violence and oppression. Five social secretaries in three municipalities who worked on investigative units were interviewed. The theoretical points of the study were intersectionality and system theory. The results show that the social secretaries had varied levels of knowledge regarding the sons' situation in honor related cases. None of the social secretaries had worked on "specific boy cases" and boys were only investigated in cases concerning girls. Challenges for the social secretaries aimed at the difficulty of getting girls to stay in their placements. None of the municipalities had specific interventions directed at the sons. There were general interventions offered through the municipalities' outpatient care. In all municipalities, the interventions were mainly directed towards the protection of the girls or to offer parents family treatment.

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  • 7.
    Abbasi, Seyed Hesameddin
    et al.
    Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Petroleum Health Research Institute, Tehran, Iran .
    De Leon, Antonio Ponce
    Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    Kassaian, Seyed Ebrahim
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Karimi, Abbasali
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Department of Psychology, Mid-Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Socioeconomic status and in‑hospital mortality of acute coronary syndrome: can education and occupation serve as preventive measures?2015In: International Journal of Preventive Medicine, ISSN 2008-7802, E-ISSN 2008-8213, Vol. 6, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status (SES) can greatly affect the clinical outcome of medical problems. We sought to assess the in-hospital mortality of patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) according to their SES.

    METHODS: All patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center due to 1(st)-time ACS between March 2004 and August 2011 were assessed. The patients who were illiterate/lowly educated (≤5 years attained education) and were unemployed were considered low-SES patients and those who were employed and had high educational levels (>5 years attained education) were regarded as high-SES patients. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and in-hospital medical progress data were recorded. Death during the course of hospitalization was considered the end point, and the impact of SES on in-hospital mortality was evaluated.

    RESULTS: A total of 6246 hospitalized patients (3290 low SES and 2956 high SES) were included (mean age = 60.3 ± 12.1 years, male = 2772 [44.4%]). Among them, 79 (1.26%) patients died. Univariable analysis showed a significantly higher mortality rate in the low-SES group (1.9% vs. 0.6%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for possible cofounders, SES still showed a significant effect on the in-hospital mortality of the ACS patients in that the high-SES patients had a lower in-hospital mortality rate (odds ratio: 0.304, 95% confidence interval: 0.094-0.980; P = 0.046).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study found that patients with low SES were at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality due to the ACS. Furthermore, the results suggest the need for increased availability of jobs as well as improved levels of education as preventive measures to curb the unfolding deaths owing to coronary artery syndrome.

  • 8.
    Abbasi, Seyed Hesameddin
    et al.
    Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Department of Psychology, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Ethnic Differences in the Risk Factors and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease: a Patient-Based Study in Iran2018In: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, ISSN 2197-3792, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 623-631Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Diverse ethnic groups may differ regarding the risk factors and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study sought to assess the association between ethnicity and CAD risk and severity in six major Iranian ethnic groups.

    Methods

    In this study, 20,165 documented coronary artery disease patients who underwent coronary angiography at a tertiary referral heart center were recruited. The demographic, laboratory, clinical, and risk factor data of all the patients were retrieved. The Gensini score (an indicator of CAD severity) was calculated for all, and the risk factors and severity of CAD were compared between the ethnical groups, using adjusted standardized residuals, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multivariable regression analysis.

    Results

    The mean age of the participants (14,131 [70.1%] men and 6034 [29.9%] women) was 60.7 ± 10.8 years. The Fars (8.7%) and Gilak (8.6%) ethnic groups had the highest prevalence of ≥4 simultaneous risk factors. The mean Gensini score was the highest for the Gilaks (77.1 ± 55.9) and the lowest among the Lors (67.5 ± 52.8). The multivariable regression analysis showed that the Gilaks had the worst severity (β 0.056, 95% CI 0.009 to 0.102; P = 0.018), followed by the Torks (β 0.032, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.059; P = 0.020). Meanwhile, the Lors showed the lowest severity (β −0.087, 95% CI −0.146 to −0.027; P = 0.004).

    Conclusions

    This study found that there was heterogeneity in CAD severity and a diverse distribution in its well-known traditional risk factors among major Iranian ethnic groups.

  • 9.
    Abbasi, Seyed
    et al.
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Mid-Sweden University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    Sundin, Örjan
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Jalali, Arash
    Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
    Soares, Joaquim
    Mid-Sweden University.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. Mid-Sweden University.
    Mortality from Acute Coronary Syndrome: Does Place of Residence Matter?2022In: Journal of Teheran University Heart Center, ISSN 1735-8620, Vol. 17, no 2, p. 56-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Current evidence shows inequality in the outcomes of rural and urban patients treated at their place of residence. This study compared in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to find whether there were differences in the outcome and received treatment.

    Methods: Between May 2007 and January 2018, patients admitted with ACS were included. The patients’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, as well as their in-hospital medical courses, were recorded. The association between place of residence (rural/urban) and in-hospital mortality due to ACS was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

    Results: Of 9088 recruited patients (mean age =61.30±12.25 y; 5557 men [61.1%]), 838 were rural residents. A positive family history of coronary artery disease (P=0.003), smoking (P=0.002), and hyperlipidemia (P=0.026), as well as a higher body mass index (P=0.013), was seen more frequently in the urban patients, while the rural patients had lower education levels (P<0.001) and higher unemployment rates (P=0.009). In-hospital mortality occurred in 135 patients (1.5%): 10 rural (1.2%) and 125 urban (1.5%) patients (P=0.465). The Firth regression model, used to adjust the effects of possible confounders, showed no significant difference concerning in-hospital mortality between the rural and urban patients (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.376 to 7.450; P=0.585).

    Conclusion: This study found no significant differences in receiving proper treatment and in-hospital mortality between rural and urban patients with ACS.

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  • 10.
    Abbasi, SH
    et al.
    Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap.
    De Leon, AP
    Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Intitutet, Sweden.
    Kassaian, SE
    Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Karimi.,, AA
    Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
    Sundin, Ö
    Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap.
    Soares, J
    Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science. Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap.
    Gender Differences in the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Iran2012In: Iranian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 0304-4556, Vol. 41, no 3, p. 36-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Given gender differences in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), the present study sought to investigate these dissimilarities amongst patients who underwent angiography at a major, tertiary heart hospital in Iran. Methods: Between 2005 and 2010, 44,820 patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in a registry. Pre-procedural data such as demographics, CAD risk factors, presenting symptoms, and laboratory tests, as well as postprocedural data were collected. The data were, subsequently, compared between the men and women. Results: Out of the 44,820 patients (16,378 women), who underwent coronary angiography, 37,358 patients (11,995 women) had CAD. Amongst the CAD patients, the females were not only significantly older, less educated, and more overweight than were the males but also had higher levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, highdensity lipoprotein, and fasting blood sugar (P< 0.001). Of all the risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed the strongest association in our female CAD patients (OR=3.45, 95%CI: 3.28-3.61 and OR=2.37, 95%CI: 2.26- 2.48, respectively). Acute coronary syndrome was more prevalent in the men (76.1% vs. 68.6%, P< 0.001), and chronic stable angina was more frequent in the females (31.4% vs. 23.9%, P< 0.001). With respect to post-procedural recommendations, the frequency of recommendations for non-invasive modalities was higher in the females (20.1% vs. 18.6%, P< 0.001). Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus had the strongest association with CAD in our female patients. In the extensive CAD patients, medical treatment was recommended to the women more often.

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  • 11.
    Abbaszadeh Astaraei, Natalie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Olsson Hedin, Måns
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Införandet av barnfridsbrott: Utmaningar och arbetspraxis för berörda yrkesgrupper2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In July 2021 the Swedish legal system introduced a new penal provision called barnfridsbrott which can be found in Chapter 4 of the Swedish Penal Code. The new provision stipulates that a family member or any other close relative exposing children to acts of violence, shall be held responsible in the court of law. The aim of this study was to examine how the new provision had affected the professional work with children who has experienced violence between family members or other close relatives. The study included interviews with different professionals such as social workers, children’s investigators from the police and a coordinator from the Swedish welfare agency barnahus. The results showed that the new provision only had resulted in minor changes which also varied between the professionals. Furthermore, the professionals discussed a number of obstacles that hindered effective co–ordination between them. This essay intended to study these results. 

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  • 12.
    Abbott, Rebecca
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Straker, Leon
    Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Occupational health science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Patterning of children's sedentary time at and away from school2013In: Obesity, ISSN 1930-7381, E-ISSN 1930-739X, Vol. 21, p. E131-E133Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective:

    Sedentary behavior in children is positively associated with an increased risk of both obesity and insulin resistance. Children spend a considerable portion of their awake time in sedentary behavior; however, the pattern of accumulation is not known. Thus the objective of this study was to describe the patterning of sedentary behavior of children at and away from school.

    Design and Methods:

    The patterns of sedentary time in a sample of 53 children (28 girls) aged 10-12 years during school-term time were examined. Children wore an accelerometer for 1 week. Total sedentary time, prolonged sequences (bouts) of sedentary time, and frequency of active interruptions to sedentary were examined on school days and weekends and within school time and non-school time on school days.

    Results:

    The data did not support our hypothesis that children accumulated more sedentary time on school days when compared with weekend days (mean [SD]: 64.4% [5.3] vs. 64.9% [9.0], P = 0.686). However, when comparing school time with non-school time on school days, children accumulated more sedentary time at school (66.8% [7.3] vs. 62.4% [5.2], P < 0.001) and spent more time at school in sustained sedentary sequences, that is, uninterrupted sedentary time for 30 min or more (75.6 min [45.8] vs. 45.0 min [26.8], P < 0.002). The children also recorded less breaks per sedentary hour within school time when compared with non-school time (8.9 h−1 vs. 10.2 h−1, P < 0.001).

    Conclusion:

    Reducing total sedentary time spent both in and out of school remains an important challenge. Interrupting sedentary time more often in the “working” (school) day could also reap important musculoskeletal and metabolic health rewards for children.

  • 13.
    Abdelrazek, Fathya
    et al.
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Skytt, Bernice
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Aly, Magda
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    El-Sabour, Mona Abd
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Ibrahim, Naglaa
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Engström, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Leadership and management skills of first-line managers of elderly care and their work environment2010In: Journal of Nursing Management, ISSN 0966-0429, E-ISSN 1365-2834, Vol. 18, no 6, p. 736-745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim To study the leadership and management skills of first-line managers (FLMs) of elderly care and their work environment in Egypt and Sweden. Background FLMs in Egypt and Sweden are directly responsible for staff and quality of care. However, FLMs in Sweden, in elderly care, have smaller units/organizations to manage than do their colleagues in Egypt. Furthermore, family care of the elderly has been the norm in Egypt, but in recent years institutional care has increased, whereas in Sweden, residential living homes have existed for a longer period. Methods A convenience sample of FLMs, 49 from Egypt and 49 from Sweden, answered a questionnaire measuring leadership and management skills, structural and psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and psychosomatic health. Results In both countries, FLMs' perceptions of their leadership and management skills and psychological empowerment were quite high, whereas scores for job satisfaction and psychosomatic health were lower. FLMs had higher values in several factors/study variables in Egypt compared with in Sweden. Conclusion and implications The work environment, both in Egypt and Sweden, needs to be improved to increase FLMs' job satisfaction and decrease stress. The cultural differences and levels of management have an effect on the differences between the two countries.

  • 14.
    Abdi, Ahmed Adam
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Det är ett under att man överlevt allt man gjort: En kvalitativ studie av fyra unga mäns berättelser om vägen in och ur kriminalitet2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Titel:” It's a wonder you've survived everything you've done "- a qualitative study of four young men's stories of going in and out of crime.

    Authors: Ahmed Abdi & Therese Hildemar

    Institution: University of Gävle, Department of Social Work and Criminology, VT 2020.  

    Juvenile crime is a debated topic in society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of ex-criminals on the factors that have contributed to how they developed and got out of their criminal lifestyle. The study has been conducted by semi-structured interviews with four young men, former criminals. The results of the interviews showed that several factors worked together as to why the men developed a criminal lifestyle: growing up with a single mother, narcotics abuse, defective education and the feeling of wanting to belong to a community. The reason why these young men get out of criminality varies. Factors that did play apart were imprisonment, treatment of substance abuse or that they were no longer able to maintain a criminal lifestyle. The conclusion is that it is not possible to point out a factor as decisive, but there are various factors that play a crucial role in informants' development and termination of criminal behavior.

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  • 15.
    Abdi, Amal
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Waldner, Relana
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    “It's just that we have to stand together in society, against the purchase of sex” Methods and Interventions Used by Service Providers Working with Women Affected by Sex Trafficking in Germany: A qualitative study of social services organisations in Germany2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to explore the working methods used by service providers in Germany when working with women affected by sex trafficking, as well as connected challenges and how these can be tackled. The authors used a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection tool. The participants of the study consisted of four service providers working with women affected by sex trafficking in Germany. The collected empirical data was analysed with the ecological systems theory. The collected data was divided into three themes: methods and interventions, challenges, and tackling challenges and desired changes. These themes represented the most important information collected within this study.  These findings illustrate trust-building as the most important method to effectively work with women affected by sex trafficking. Besides that, one of the key challenges identified was lack of awareness and misconceptions on the issue of sex trafficking.

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  • 16.
    Abdi, Parvin Monika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Har elever tillräckligt med tid för att äta?: En undersökning på högstadieelevers upplevelser av skolmåltiden2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Meal at school is a part of the school studies and it is important for health, but is also a prerequisite for both learning and enjoyment.  The school meal can provide students an opportunity to recover from their studies but sometimes students perceive the meal situation as stressful. It is important that the food environment at school works well for school children, so they do not have to rush during the meal and they can get the opportunity to eat in peace. The purpose of this study was to investigate how students perceive lunch break at school. If they feel they get enough time to eat and how they feel during the meal situation in the school restaurant. The research approach of this study was qualitative and the method of data collection was focus groups. Data were analyzed as a content analysis. The aim of the study were secondary school students in grade 7 and 9, one class from each grade was selected. The study was conducted at a secondary school in a municipality in Sweden with approximately 210 000 inhabitants. The results of the study show that students at secondary school feel they have enough time to eat lunch, but the lunch break is too short. The meal environment in the school restaurant is perceived as very messy and stressful. The meal situation was experienced as more stressful at grade 7 students than 9th grade students.  The conclusion was that students need longer lunch break and meal environment is perceived as stressful.

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  • 17.
    Abdicevic, Erol
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Psychology, Sports Science and Occupational Health Sciences, Psychology.
    "Jag försöker vara neutral...": Kriminalvårdares upplevelser av emotionellt arbete2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

     Föreliggande studie undersökte hur kriminalvårdare upplever emotionellt arbete och i vilka situationer det förekommer. En kvalitativ stidie genomfördes och åtta kriminalvårdare anställda på ett häkte i Sverige intervjuades. Deras svar analyserades genom inuktiv tematisk analys. Analysen ledde till tre huvudteman: hantering av negativa känslor, konsekvenser för privatlivet och situationer där emotionellt arbete uppkommer. Resultat visade att emotionellt arbete har en negativ inverkan på kriminalvårdares välbefinnande och att de upplever negativa konsekvenser av det dagligen. Respondenterna uttryckte behov av hjälp och svårigheter att klara av utmaningar med emotionellt arbete på egen hand. De signalerade också bris på hälsosam återhämtning. Respondenterna visade oro över att förlora egen personlighet samt att kontinuerlig emotionellt arbete på ett häkte påverkar privat liv negativt.

  • 18.
    Abera, Queen
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Abacioglu, Isabella
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskors attityder och erfarenheter i mötet med patienter med schizofreni: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa ökar i Sverige och innefattar oika psykiska diagnoser och ohälsotillstånd som påverkats av samhällets olika uppfattningar om psykisk ohälsa. Schizofreni är en psykossjukdom som hör till psykisk ohälsa och de vanligaste symtomen för schizofreni är vanföreställningar och hallucinationer. Patienter med schizofreni behöver vård och stöd. 

    Syftet: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk verksamhets attityder och erfarenheter i mötet med patienter med schizofreni samt att beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas undersökningsgrupper.

    Metod: En litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design innehållande tolv vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes i databaserna Cinahl och PsycINFO.

    Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor beskrev att de hade positiva och negativa attityder mot patienter som har schizofreni. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev att de hade fått nya erfarenheter av att se hur patienter med schizofrenis vardag såg ut och hur självständiga patienterna kan vara. Andra sjukksöterskor menade att patienter med schizofreni bör vårdas på sjukhus för att de ska få den vård och behandling som de kan behöva. Undersökningsgruppen i studien var sjuksköterskor inom den psykiatriska verksamheten. I studien diskuteras de inkluderade artiklarnas undersökningsgrupps ålder, kön samt yrkestitel.

    Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna i de inkluderande artiklarna hade delade meningar om attityder till patienter med schizofreni. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna menar att patienter med schizofreni behöver rätt vård,utbildning och stöd från sjukvårdspersonal och familj för att kunna hantera sin livssituation och fullfölja sin behandling.

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  • 19.
    Abines Klang, Memme
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Vedin, Kajsa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science.
    Transpersoners upplevelse av inkludering inom idrotten2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom en litteraturstudie undersöka hur transpersoner upplever inkludering inom fysisk aktivitet och idrott.  Metod: Litteratursökning i databasen Discovery och manuella sökningar av valda källors referenslista resulterade i tio artiklar som publicerats inom de senaste elva åren. Alla artiklar har analyserats, kvalitetsgranskats och sedan sammanställts.   Resultat: De mest framträdande resultatet för fysiska hinder angående transpersoners upplevelse av inkludering var; svårigheterna med offentliga rum och omklädningsrum samt problematiken med träningskläder. De vanligaste psykosociala hindren för transpersoner inom inkludering i fysisk aktivitet och idrott var; förnekad identitet, missnöje med kroppen, diskriminering, mobbning och utanförskap vilket ledde till depression, ångest och rädslor. De främsta fysiska möjligheterna som framkom i resultatet var fördelen med individuella idrotter och könskorrigerande behandling i kombination med fysisk aktivitet. Det centrala resultatet för psykosociala möjligheter påvisades vara socialt stöd och att fysisk aktivitet och idrott bidrog till minskad ångest och ökad glädje hos transpersonerna.   Slutsats: Det går att konstatera att många transpersoner blir diskriminerade på grund av sin sexuella läggning, köns uttryck och könsidentitet. Detta medför att många transpersoner lämnar idrotten och slutar vara fysisk aktiva. Denna studie kom fram till att många av de problem som presenterades i artiklarna grundar sig i idrottens men framförallt samhällets okunskap. Det framkom även att utvecklingen av transpersoners inklusion och deltagande inom fysisk aktivitet och idrott är ett växande område för idrottsrörelsen att ta i tu med. Riksidrottsförbundet bör arbeta mer aktivt med hbtq- frågor för att öka kunskapen och för att få en djupare förståelse för dagens problematik. Detta skulle kunna bidra till att fler transpersoner kan känna trygghet i idrotten, vilket i sin tur skulle medföra att idrottens värdegrund uppfylls.

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  • 20.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björklund, Christina
    Gustafsson, Klas
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .
    Hagberg, Jan
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    Department of Psychology, Stockholm University.
    Marklund, Staffan
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet.
    Exhaustion and impaired work performance in the workplace: Associations with presenteeism and absenteeism2019In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 1076-2752, E-ISSN 1536-5948, Vol. 61, no 11, p. e438-e444Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting.

    METHODS: In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively.

    RESULTS: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for.

    CONCLUSIONS: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.

  • 21.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. Karolinska institutet.
    Gustafsson, Klas
    Karolinska institutet.
    Jensen, Irene
    Karolinska institutet.
    Hagberg, Jan
    Karolinska institutet.
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    Stockholms universitet.
    Marklund, Staffan
    Karolinska institutet.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    What is number of days in number of times? Associations between, and responsiveness of, two sickness presenteeism measures.2020In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 1076-2752, E-ISSN 1536-5948, Vol. 62, no 5, p. 180-185Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between SP reported as number of days with SP reported as number of times and to evaluate their responsiveness.

    METHODS: The study population (n = 454) consisted of employed individuals, at risk of long-term sickness absence. Correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the two SP measures and external constructs such as work performance, general health and registered sick leave. Both SP constructs were measured several times to examine responsiveness.

    RESULTS: The SP measures are moderately correlated. They moderately correlated with work performance and health status measures. SP reported as number of times seem to be more sensitive than number of days in detecting changes after rehabilitation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Numerical or categorical constructs are valid sources of data on SP. However, categorized SP seem to be more responsive.

  • 22.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Jensen, Irene
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    Björk Brämberg, Elisabeth
    Karolinska institutet.
    Pico-Espinosa, Oscar Javier
    Karolinska institutet.
    Björklund, Christina
    Karolinska institutet.
    Investigating the association between publication performance and the work environment of university research academics: a systematic review2021In: Scientometrics, ISSN 0138-9130, E-ISSN 1588-2861, Vol. 126, no 4, p. 3283-3301Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this review was to investigate the association between publication performance and the organizational and psychosocial work environment of academics in a university setting. In 2018 we conducted database searches in Web of Science, Medline and other key journals (hand-searched) from 1990 to 2017 based on population, exposure and outcome framework. We examined reference lists, and after a title and abstract scan and full-text reading we identified studies that were original research and fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Articles were evaluated as having a low, moderate or high risk of bias using a quality assessment form. From the studies (n = 32) identified and synthesized, work-environment characteristics could explain the quality and quantity aspects of publication performance of academics. Management practices, leadership and psychosocial characteristics are influential factors that affect academics’ publication productivity. Most of the reviewed studies were judged to be of moderate quality because of issues of bias, related to the measuring of publication outcome. The findings in the studies reviewed suggest that highly productive research academics and departments significantly tend to be influenced by the organizational and psychosocial characteristics of their working environment. The practical relevance of this review is that it highlights where academics’ performance needs support and how the work environment can be improved to bolster publication productivity.

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  • 23.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    Lilje, Stina
    Karolinska institutet; Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Bengtsson, Camilla
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Peterson, Anna
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Persson, Ulf
    The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund.
    Skillgate, Eva
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm; Karolinska institutet.
    Manual therapy versus advice to stay active for nonspecific back and/or neck pain: a cost-effectiveness analysis2022In: Chiropractic and Manual Therapies, E-ISSN 2045-709X, Vol. 30, no 1, article id 27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Low back and neck pain are the most common musculoskeletal disorders worldwide, and imply suffering and substantial societal costs, hence effective interventions are crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of manual therapy compared with advice to stay active for working age persons with nonspecific back and/or neck pain.

    Methods

    The two interventions were: a maximum of 6 manual therapy sessions within 6 weeks, including spinal manipulation/mobilization, massage and stretching, performed by a naprapath (index group), respectively information from a physician on the importance to stay active and on how to cope with pain, according to evidence-based advice, at 2 occasions within 3 weeks (control group). A cost-effectiveness analysis with a societal perspective was performed alongside a randomized controlled trial including 409 persons followed for one year, in 2005. The outcomes were health-related Quality of Life (QoL) encoded from the SF-36 and pain intensity. Direct and indirect costs were calculated based on intervention and medication costs and sickness absence data. An incremental cost per health related QoL was calculated, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

    Results

    The difference in QoL gains was 0.007 (95% CI − 0.010 to 0.023) and the mean improvement in pain intensity was 0.6 (95% CI 0.068–1.065) in favor of manual therapy after one year. Concerning the QoL outcome, the differences in mean cost per person was estimated at − 437 EUR (95% CI − 1302 to 371) and for the pain outcome the difference was − 635 EUR (95% CI − 1587 to 246) in favor of manual therapy. The results indicate that manual therapy achieves better outcomes at lower costs compared with advice to stay active. The sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main results.

    Conclusions

    Our results indicate that manual therapy for nonspecific back and/or neck pain is slightly less costly and more beneficial than advice to stay active for this sample of working age persons. Since manual therapy treatment is at least as cost-effective as evidence-based advice from a physician, it may be recommended for neck and low back pain. Further health economic studies that may confirm those findings are warranted.

    Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN56954776. Retrospectively registered 12 September 2006, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN56954776.

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  • 24.
    Abou-Soultan, Nariman
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Abujazar, Ahmed
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Hur personer med schizofreni upplever sin livskvalité: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Schizophrenia is a form of psychosis, it is rare but a very serious disease and the lifetime risk of becoming sick is 0.8% in Sweden. People with schizophrenia experience altered perception of reality because of symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Many relatives of people with schizophrenia argue that there is a lack of knowledge that leads to distorted view of themselves and the environment. The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on symptoms, which consequently means that nurses have an important role which should include plenty hospitality, communication and understanding of patients' quality of life.

     

    Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how people with schizophrenia experience their quality of life and to describe the method of selection of the articles included.

     

    Method: The present study has a descriptive design and contains a total of 12 articles with qualitative and quantitative effort. The majority of the articles that have been used has the qualitative approach. Data collection has been conducted via PsycINFO.

     

    Main Results: The diagnosis of schizophrenia contributed to confusion and difficulties to accept their disease. Symptoms and side effects of the medicine were the most conspicuous factors that resulted in the loss. Experiences of stigmatization and rejection by the environment were also a contributing factor for a poorer quality of life. The 12 included articles have mainly used the interviews to reach people's subjective experiences of living with schizophrenia.

     

    Conclusion: Schizophrenia affects people's daily lives and relationships with other people negatively which led to the suffering and poorer quality of life. Knowledge of how people with schizophrenia experience their quality of life is important information for nurses that can lead to greater understanding, better reception, care and treatment.

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  • 25.
    Abou-Soultan, Norhan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Ismail, Saga
    Ensamkommande barn och ungas integrationsprocess i det nya landet: En kunskapsöversikt om hinder och möjligheter för integration2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of our study is to investigate young unaccompanied childrens’ experiencesof integration and their coping strategies used to deal with integration challenges in thenew country. The study also draws attention to professionals' experiences of difficulties and opportunities of integration work with unaccompanied children and young people.  We applied a knowledge overview, that comprised a phenomenological analysis, based  on thirteen articles that were examined on the basis of a criteria template. The results  were analyzed with Folkman and Lazarus coping theory and Bronfenbrenners developmental ecology theory.Comprehensively, our results show that unaccompanied children and young people dodesire to establish contacts with the majority population but experience difficulties due to segregation, cultural barriers, prejudice and racism in school. Furthermore,  supportive relationships with housing staff and professionals, and mainly peers from the  same ethnic group, seem to play a significant role in their well-being and integration process. They also show high motivation and determination to learn the new languageand to educate themselves, which they emphasize is the key to successful integration inthe new country. The results indicate however, that mental illness, few opportunities for language training and organizational barriers in school are barriers to achieveintegration. Comparing the past with one's current life situation and seeking distractions,particularly by spending time with friends and engaging in meaningful activities, are  key coping strategies that unaccompanied minors use to deal with difficulties in life.  Further, religion as a coping strategy played a significant role in their well-being andability to cope with problems.

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  • 26.
    Abrahamsen, Håkon B
    et al.
    Norwegian Air Ambulance Fdn, Drobak, Norway; Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Natl Ctr Emergency Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway; Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway .
    Sollid, Stephen J M
    Norwegian Air Ambulance Fdn, Drobak, Norway; Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    Öhlund, Lennart S.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Public health science.
    Røislien, Jo
    Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    Bondevik, Gunnar Tschudi
    Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Natl Ctr Emergency Primary Hlth Care, Bergen, Norway.
    Simulation-based training and assessment of non-technical skills in the Norwegian Helicopter Emergency Medical Services: a cross-sectional survey2015In: Emergency Medicine Journal, ISSN 1472-0205, E-ISSN 1472-0213, Vol. 32, no 8, p. 647-653Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Human error and deficient non-technical skills (NTSs) among providers of ALS in helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) is a threat to patient and operational safety. Skills can be improved through simulation-based training and assessment. Objective: To document the current level of simulation-based training and assessment of seven generic NTSs in crew members in the Norwegian HEMS. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, either electronic or paper-based, of all 207 physicians, HEMS crew members (HCMs) and pilots working in the civilian Norwegian HEMS (11 bases), between 8 May and 25 July 2012. Results: The response rate was 82% (n=193). A large proportion of each of the professional groups lacked simulation-based training and assessment of their NTSs. Compared with pilots and HCMs, physicians undergo statistically significantly less frequent simulation-based training and assessment of their NTSs. Fifty out of 82 (61%) physicians were on call for more than 72 consecutive hours on a regular basis. Of these, 79% did not have any training in coping with fatigue. In contrast, 72 out of 73 (99%) pilots and HCMs were on call for more than 3 days in a row. Of these, 54% did not have any training in coping with fatigue. Conclusions: Our study indicates a lack of simulation-based training and assessment. Pilots and HCMs train and are assessed more frequently than physicians. All professional groups are on call for extended hours, but receive limited training in how to cope with fatigue.

  • 27.
    Abrahamsson, Angela
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Hansson, Eva-Lena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Att beskriva personers upplevelse av sin livssituation efter att ha genomgått en gastric bypass operation ur ett fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt perspektiv: Litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Obesity is now a growing problem in the world and as a result, several do gastric bypass surgery for weight loss. It is important that the experiences from a physical, mental and social approach is illuminated to provide a better understanding and to help them to right direction.

    Aim: To describe the experience situation of life a one person after doing a gastric bypass surgery from a physical, psychological and social perspective.

    Method: A descriptive study of eleven scientific articles.

    Results: After a gastric bypass, the people have a more positive attitude towards life according the three perspectives. They experienced that they fit into society and could participate in the social and physical context in a better way than before. Sometime after the surgery, the participants experienced that they were back into the old habits which gave them a worse quality of life. They ment that the operation was a tool but the hard part remained and they expected a challenge, as some managed better than others.

    Conclusions: It is important to give people good support, and information to enable them to preserve their new lifestyle. They are making a great mental effort, therefore they are indeed of psychotherapy and guidence to find a suitable copingstrategy to handle different situations.

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  • 28.
    Abrahamsson, Kristin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Nordh, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
     Att främja god munvård hos patienter i palliativ vård: utbildning, kunskap och attityd bland sjuksköterskor: -en litteraturstudie2010Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this literature study was to describe education, knowledge and attitudes among nurses regarding oral health care and in which way nurses can promote proper mouth care among patients within palliative care. A descriptive design was the method chosen, with articles obtained via Cinahl and Pubmed (Medline). Twelve articles were found that subsequently formed this study. The results showed that many nurses considered having recieved insufficient mouth care training during their education. Since the level of knowledge among many nurses was lacking it has been shown that both staff and patients within palliative care benefit from education. There were many negative attitudes about mouth care among nurses. Moreover, it was not prioritized enough within palliative care according to nurses. However, they felt that it should be. Different programs and developed tools have shown to facilitate nurses' work. Patient education has also contributed to a better mouth status. The conclusion of the study is that there are flaws in education, knowledge and attitudes about mouth care among nurses. To change this nurses want more education and training. Thus better condition can be created for nurses to promote proper mouth care for patients within palliative care.

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  • 29.
    Abrahamsson, Lena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Lindberg, Jennie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Det krävs mer än mediciner: Betydelsen av samverkan och stödjande insatser kring personer som deltar i substitutionsbehandling för sitt opiatberoende2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Substitutionsbehandling är en vårdform som rekommenderas av Socialstyrelsen för personer med ett långvarigt opiatberoende. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur samverkan kring klienterna fungerade, samt vilka stödinsatser som kunde bli aktuella utifrån klinternas behov. Då substitutionsbehandling anses vara kontroversiellt, fanns även ett intresse av att undersöka de professionellas upplevelser av vårdformen. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med yrkesverksamma (n=8) som i sina olika yrkesroller hade kontakt med klienterna. Resultatet analyserades utifrån systemteori, stämplingsteori och empowerment. Studiens huvudresultat visade att det förekom mycket samverkan kring klienterna och att det fanns flera stödinsatser tillgängliga för den enskilde. Inställningen till substitutionsbehandling var till övervägande del positiv och de främsta argumenten för vårdformen uppgavs vara de personliga vinsterna för klienterna. Slutsatsen är att det krävs mer än mediciner för att upprätthålla drogfrihet och klienternas sociala nätverk kan vara avgörande för en lyckad behandlingsprocess. Studiens resultat kan därmed bidra med kunskap om substitutionsbehandling.

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  • 30.
    Abrahamsson, Viktoria
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Carlstedt, Belinda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Våld och personer med funktionsnedsättning: En studie om våldets innebörder beroende på inblandade aktörer, inom grupp- och serviceboenden2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Through semi-structured interviews with three women working as care personnel in group or service homes for persons with disabilities, perceptions regarding violence as linked to persons with disabilities is studied from a social-constructionist point of view. The study explores how the roles of actors involved can be associated with notions and interpretations expressed, and with what the interviewees regard as “appropriate” action to handle the situation. The role of the aggressor proved crucial. Gender of the actors was not expressed as important but indications existed pointing to perceived differences. When discussing appropriate action, the interviewees related to both a sense of “duty” and the “right” thing to do from a utilitarian perspective. When involving a colleague, loyalty became relevant. Throughout the study the dimension of power and the complexity of violence is considered and its different understandings depending on context, actors and perspective.

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  • 31.
    Abrahimi, Roqaya
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Chekomasova, Anastasiia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Personernas upplevelser av att leva med diabetes mellitus2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that has risen from 108 million to 422 million between 1980 and 2014. The disease is caused by elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream related to insulin deficiency or insulin-resistant tissue cells. The disease requires lifelong medical treatment and adherence to healthy lifestyles. Health professionals have an important role in the development of the person's ability to coexist with the disease.

    Purpose: to describe person's experiences of living with diabetes mellitus. 

    Method: a descriptive literature review based on 15 qualitative studies relevant to the purpose of the study. Databases PubMed and CINAHL were used when searching for relevant scientific studies. 

    Main result: Coexistence with diabetes mellitus requires an approach to healthy lifestyles and follow-up of medical recommendations, which affects the person's quality of life and well-being in different ways. Person with diabetes saw health professionals and family have a supporting role in managing diabetes. 

    Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects a person's state of health and quality of life. Person`s experience a lack of knowledge related to lack of information and guidance from caregivers. In order to achieve good quality of life and well-being in patients, it is important that nurses carry out their work based on person-centered nursing.

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  • 32.
    Abukar, Ismahan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Wedin, Cecilia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Male social workers experiences of gender baises: A study of gender biases within the social service in Gävle2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study is to investigate how men in the social service in Gävle experience gender biases within the social work profession. We conducted a qualitative research with five male social workers that we interviewed regarding gender biases. The main result ended up under three themes which are client influence and reinforcement; work culture; and lastly the unconscious experience. The conclusion is that male social workers experience gender biases accordingly through three themes.

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  • 33.
    Ackelman, Birgitta Helmerson
    et al.
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Area Occupat Therapy & Phys Therapy, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Sundholm, Anna
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kierkegaard, Marie
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Funct Area Occupat Therapy & Phys Therapy, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hedborg, Kerstin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Waldenlind, Elisabet
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Ingela, A.
    Remahl, M. Nilsson
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Migraine patient school (MPS) - A structured multimodal educational programme for patients with high frequency and chronic migraine2019In: Cephalalgia, ISSN 0333-1024, E-ISSN 1468-2982, Vol. 39, p. 332-332Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Adan Issack, Ibrahim
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Ivanova, Ekaterina
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies.
    Integration of unemployed immigrants into the labor market in Gävle.2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Title: Integration of unemployed immigrants into the labor market in Gävle

    Authors: Ibrahim Adan Issack and Ekaterina Ivanova

    The aim of this study was to investigate unemployed immigrant’s description of how they perceive the labor market in Gävle. Qualitative method face-to-face interviews were used to gather data. The results of this study shows that an unemployed immigrant seems to encounter hinders and opportunities in the labor market. The following five issues were described as being most important in influencing immigrants’ employment opportunities in Gävle: Swedish language knowledge, previous education, discrimination, social network and family situation. Ecological system theory and previous research were used to analyze the gathered results. 

    Key words: integration, immigrant, labor market.

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    Degree paper 2013
  • 35.
    Adhiambo, Pheobe Winnie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Moyosore Osarhime, Adekunle
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Comparative Analysis of Roles and Responsibilities: Social Workers in Sundsvall Habilitation Center vs. General Hospital2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to explore the differences and similarities in the roles played by medical social workers in a health setting in Sweden. Furthermore, it tries to illustrate the challenges that impact the roles and work practices of medical social workers. : This bachelor thesis is based on previous research and literature on the roles, responsibilities, and challenges of medical social workers. Additionally, it made use of a theoretical framework that treated healthcare centres as a social system within which individuals or identified social groups can communicate and collaborate in the performance of their roles. The results of this study could provide a perspective that enlightens professional healthcare work teams to understand the roles, and to communicate and collaborate more with complementary workers such as medical social workers towards realizing Sustainable Development Goal 3 in the Swedish healthcare system. It could encourage medical social workers to tackle issues that could be working against the visibility of their roles in the healthcare system.This study adds to the medical social work practices in the healthcare setting literature by exploring the roles played, the institutional factors and practices as well as challenges that impact medical social workers’ practice.This research followed the qualitative method and data is obtained through semi-structured interviews with seven medical social workers at Sundsvall Hospital and Habilitation Centre. The responses were analyzed using a thematic analysis method. The findings of the study demonstrate that medical social workers at the habilitation centre and hospital mostly share similar responsibilities. However, this study finds that unique differences occur in their responsibilities or practice based on the healthcare facility they work at, the target patient they are dealing with, and the type of sickness/diagnosis they addressIn conclusion, medical social workers play crucial roles in Sweden, be it at the Rehab Centres or general hospitals. The study has shown that these roles are essential towards sustaining families and restoring individuals and integrating them into society through the provision of psychosocial support, counseling and family support services. For medical social workers to offer more to the improvement of health and societal well-being, there is a need for recognition of the crucial roles they play among other health professionals. This can be done with enhanced and continued opportunities for collaboration among social workers and other medical or health professionals in the healthcare setup or system. 

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  • 36.
    ADIWA, ALICE
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Att möta människan där den befinner sig: En kvalitativ studie om det skademinimernade arbetet i Bostad först2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Homeless persons with comorbidity are among the most vulnerable populations within social work. The relapsing nature of substance abuse has been a significant barrier to the traditional treatment/housing programs that build upon abstinence-based policies. Therefore, there has been a shift toward Housing First, a harm reduction policy that prioritizes the minimization of harms over abstinence. This study aims to explore practical experiences with the harm reduction approach within Housing First.Data was collected through a qualitative focus group interview with four employeeswithin a Housing First project in Sweden. The data was analyzed by a thematic analysis with social constructivism and new institutionalism as theoretical frameworks.The results showed a holistic approach to harm reduction but also that the view on harm reduction varies depending on the social context. It was also revealed that the conflicting principles of zero tolerance and harm reduction have affected professionalcollaboration in various ways

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  • 37.
    Adolfsson, Jenny
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Philipsson, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Faktorer som kan påverka sjuksköterskans följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Health-related infections (HRI) are the most frequent occurring care damages in inpatient care. HRI’s does not only impact the individual patient, but it also creates high costs and causes high levels of stress at the organization, as well as the community level. Nurses’ application of and compliance with evidence-based guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines is the most effective way to prevent HRI. An examination of the various factors that contributes to the lack of compliance with the different guidelines are crucial in order to increase the theoretical and practical knowledge amongst nurses. This automatically leads to the performing of a safer patient care.

    Aim: The purpose of this literature study was to identify and describe the various factors that may impact the nurse's compliance with basic hygiene routines in the prevention of healthcare related infections and to describe the data collection methods in the academic literature.

    Method: A descriptive literature study with results from 12 scientific articles. The literature research was performed in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The articles were also reviewed based on their data collection method.

    Main results: Several factors contributed to how the nurses followed evidence-based guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines. The accessibility that nurses had to hygiene products was a primary cause. Lack of knowledge, time shortage, and high workload were additional causes as to why the basic hygiene routines were not properly performed. Contrary to this, good colleagues, good communication, and a safe workplace proved to be factors with a positive impact on preventive work. Surveys, observations and combined data collection methods were used in the included scientific articles.

    Conclusion: There are several factors that affect nurses compliance with guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines. By creating awareness among nurses regarding these factors, they are given the possibility of improving the preventive work against HRI.

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  • 38.
    Adolfsson, Julia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Mjälby, Jennifer
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Livskvalitet hos patienter i väntan på, samt efter levertransplantation: Litteraturstudie2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte:

    Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva patienters skattade livskvalitet

    med SF-36, i väntan på levertransplantation samt efter levertransplantation.

    Metod:

    En beskrivande litteraturstudie med 11 kvantitativa artiklar, som efter sökning i

    databaserna PubMed och Cinahl inkluderats.

    Huvudresultat:

    I fyra av åtta kategorier i SF-36 ligger samtliga patienters skattningar i

    väntan på levertransplantation under 50 av 100 möjliga poäng. Social funktion var den

    kategorin i SF-36, där livskvaliteten skattades högst hos patienter i väntan på

    levertransplantation.

    I fem av åtta kategorier ligger samtliga patienters skattningar efter levertransplantation över

    50 av 100 möjliga poäng. Fysisk- och social funktion är de kategorier i SF-36, där patienter

    efter levertransplantation skattar sin livskvalitet högst.

    Slutsats:

    Föreliggande litteraturstudies resultat kan ge en förståelse av livskvalitet hos

    patienter i väntan på levertransplantation och efter levertransplantation. Detta kan

    sjuksköterskan använda för att stötta patienter som skattar sin livskvalitet lågt. Tillsammans

    med kvalitativ forskning kan sjuksköterskan få djupare kunskap i och med patienternas egna

    upplevda livskvalitet. Detta är viktigt för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna individualisera

    omvårdnadsarbetet.

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    Examensarbete
  • 39.
    Aedel, Matilda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Rosell, Catrin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Hallå! Det är mig du ska prata med!: En kvalitativ studie om bemötande, kommunikation och delaktighet i mötet med personer som saknar ett verbalt språk.2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    I början på 1990-talet kom lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (1993:387) och Lagen om assistansersättning (1993:389). Detta skapade möjligheter för funktionshindrade att få förutsättning till ett självständigt liv. Syftet med denna kvalitativa uppsats är att undersöka hur personliga assistenter upplever bemötande, kommunikation samt delaktighet i mötet mellan funktionsnedsatta barn utan verbal kommunikation och handläggare inom Försäkringskassa, LSS-handläggare och personal inom sjukvård. Då benämningen "personlig assistent" endast har funnits sedan början på 1990-talet är detta ett relativt outforskat område. Det empiriska materialet består av sex individuella intervjuer. I det analyserade empiriska materialet har tidigare känd forskning, empowermentteori och icke-verbal kommunikation använts. Resultatet av undersökningen tyder på att det finns brister i att bemöta, kommunicera och att få brukare känna sig delaktiga i deras egen livssituation. I studien framkommer det att personliga assistenterna upplever att det inte finns tillräckligt med tid och kunskap kring alternativ kommunikation, vilket kan vara orsaker till att brukarna inte känner sig delaktig

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  • 40.
    Agbonlenomen, Success Enibhibhamum
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Amos Faith, Becky
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Inclusive Education And The Challenges Faced By Children With Special Needs In Cameroon: Perspectives of Social Worker and Teacher2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to find out how special needs children are being included in theeducational settings in Cameroon and the challenges they face and to understand the perspectivesof both Social workers and teachers on an inclusive educational system.The theory used in this study was the ecological system theory. The theory explains how specialneeds children are being included in mainstream schools. This study used a qualitative descriptivedesign to describe teachers' and social workers’ perceptions and their role within inclusiveeducation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three teachers and three social workersvia Zoom (an online meeting platform). The results were analyzed using themes.The findings from this study indicated that teachers and social workers feel they have differentroles and responsibilities in the education of children with special needs. The study also revealedthat challenges with finance, lack of manpower, and government complacency in budgeting andimplementing policies were part of the impediments to inclusive education in Cameroon.From the research findings, there is a huge deficit in inclusive education in Cameroon; there is stillsystematic seclusion of physically challenged children from obtaining quality education due toenvironmental, financial, structural, and political deficiencies, concerted effort must be put in placeto ensure education for all is achieved.

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  • 41.
    Agebro, Ellinor
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Björklund, Amii
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Sjuksköterskors upplevelse av interna psykologiska kontraktet under Covid-19 pandemin2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelse av det interna psykologiska kontraktet under Covid-19 pandemin, samt i vilken utsträckning det psykologiska kontraktet upplevs vara uppfyllt av arbetsgivaren. En kvalitativ metod användes och nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med offentlighetsanställda sjuksköterskor på fyra olika arbetsplatser inom vården i mellansverige. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en induktiv tematisk analys vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman med sex tillhörande underteman. Huvudresultatet visade att deltagarna upplevde god kommunikation, autonomi och chefernas stöd som centrala delar i deras psykologiska kontrakt. Rätt förutsättningar såsom arbetsmiljö, utbildning och utrustning var även delar av kontraktet som uppskattades av sjuksköterskorna. De upplevde att deras arbetsgivare generellt levt upp till deras förväntningar men att de ökade kraven som orsakades av Covid-19 pandemin resulterade i ouppfyllda psykologiska kontrakt . Detta påverkade deltagarna negativt och orsakade stress , minskad arbetsglädje, ohälsa och i vissa fall uppsägningar. 

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  • 42.
    Agebro, Olivia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Nilsson, Märtha
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Skattningen och sambanden mellan psykosocial arbetsmiljö och välbefinnande hos primärvårdssköterskor: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv och korrelativ design2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Statistics show that 8% of all licensed nurses do not work in healthcare. Causes are high workload and work-related stress. Previous research presents that workplaces proactively work for the well-being of staff have more prosperous employees. Without the feeling of well-being of the nurse, patient safety and the quality of care will be worse.

    Aim: Aim to describe the primary care nurse’s assessment of the psychosocial work environment and well-being and study the relationship between these variables.

    Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study with descriptive and correlational design. A total of 170 questionnaires were sent out to nurses and district nurses working in regionally managed and privately owned primary care in Central Sweden. Response rate: 58%. Instrument used; Factors perceived stress symptoms, Thriving Scale, Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire Version III.

    Result: Strong correlation between high work-privacy conflicts and higher stress symptoms were seen, this means the variables co-vary negatively. High work pace correlates negatively with stress symptoms. Positive correlation was seen between feeling pride in the organization and well-being, vitality, learning and thriving at the workplace. Vitality and learning were rated high, which indicates high levels of thriving.

    Conclusion: Several statistically significant relationships between psychosocial work environments and well-being were found. This implies that psychosocial work environment affects primary care nurse’s well-being. It underlines the importance of organizations prioritizing creating a sustainable work environment for the well-being to be preserved and improved.

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    Skattningen och sambanden mellan psykosocial arbetsmiljö och välbefinnande hos primärvårdssköterskor
  • 43.
    Aggarwal, Felicia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Landström, Sofia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science.
    Effekten av olika typer av fysisk aktivitet för patienter med diabetes typ 22020Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a condition that is increasing in the world and targets the youth. There is much that the patients can do themselves to influence the disease in form of self-care, for example through physical activity. Aim The aim was to describe the effect of physical activity on adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method This was a literature study in which 11 original articles with a quantitative approach had been reviewed and analyzed. Results Physical activity improved both bodily functions, biomedical markers and patients’ quality of life. The results were influenced by the type of exercise and intensity of physical activity they practiced. Hypoglycemic drug inhibited the good results of physical activity. Conclusion Physical activity was a effective form of treatment where the most favorable results were shown. The effect depended on the form of exercise, intensity and the patients’ compliance. As a nurse it can be important to motivate, inform and support the patients towards a healthier lifestyle.

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  • 44.
    Aghaalaei, Melissa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Brottslighet och miljonprogrammets höga byggnader: En kvalitativ studie om brottslighet och kollektiv styrkan i miljonprogramsområden2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien genomfördes med ambitionen att undersöka dels huruvida invånarna som bor i miljonpro- grammets höghus upplever kollektiv styrka1 och dels vilken betydelse detta har haft för den höga brottsfrekvensen i området. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ dataanalys av intervjumaterial hämtat från intervjuer som utfördes med invånarna på Malmvägen, i Sollentuna kommen, Stock- holms län.

    Studiens resultat påvisade att invånarna som bor i miljonprogrammets höghusområdet ofta upple- ver en låg kollektiv styrka. Boendeformen gör socialiseringsprocessen mer utmanande för de som bor där. Flervåningshusen med många lägenheter kombinerat med den stora befolkningen har gjort det svårt för invånarna att lära känna sina grannar. Detta gör att folk blir anonyma och att viljan att ingripa för bostadsområdets säkerhet blir låg.

    Förslag som de boende själva lyfter fram för att motverka detta är olika insatser som mobiliserar lokala krafter i området.

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  • 45.
    Aghayari, Ana
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Upplevelser vid måltidssituationer som de beskrivs av strokepatienter med dysfagi: En litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Stroke is an endemic disease, which in Sweden approximately 30 000 persons yearly are taken by and is estimated to cost society around 18 billion Swedish kronor (SEK). Dysphagia (eating difficulty in swallowing) is a common and known disorder in stroke patients. Dysphagia is not a disease itself, but rather a symptom of something underlying for example stroke. Dysphagia can lead to malnutrition and the risk of increased mortality.

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  • 46.
    Agic, Alma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Skogsfjord, Rebecka
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter samt följder av trakassering på arbetsplatsen2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 47.
    Agina, Prince
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Ibe, Obinna Francis
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology.
    Asylum seeker integration into Swedish society: A qualitative study on how asylum organizations work in facilitating the integration of asylum seekers in Sweden.2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to examine how asylum organizations work in facilitating the integration of asylum seekers into Swedish society.  In Sweden, despite its historical acceptance of migrants and asylum seekers, the country is not immune to integration challenges. The study employed a qualitative research approach to capture the perspectives and opinions of employees working in the selected organizations. A purposive sampling method was utilized, wherein two representatives were carefully chosen from each organization. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of four (4) participants. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data gathered from these interviews.

    The findings of the study indicated that asylum organizations offer various forms of support, including assistance with school placement, language acquisition, housing, education on Swedish norms and customs, and facilitating connections with authorities to Asylum seekers. However, several challenges persist, such as insufficient government support, inadequate funding, and lengthy asylum procedures. To address these issues, there is a need for increased government support, proactive measures, financial aid, expedited asylum processes. These improvements would enable the organizations to effectively engage and assist asylum seekers in their integration process. 

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  • 48.
    Ahlander, Emma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Brodin, Ida
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskans upplevelser och copingstrategier vid vård av barn med cancer: En litteraturstudie2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe the nurse experience and coping strategies working with cancer ill children and to analyze the included articles data collection method.

    Method: A descripted literature study with qualitative approach. Eleven articles were included, nine qualitative, one quantitative and one with a mixed method. The articles were found through the database PubMed and Cinahl between the years 2005 to 2015.

    Result: Five main themes were found: The nurse experience of working with cancer ill children, communications difficulties with the children and their families, difficulties about the work, and palliative care and death, the nurse coping strategies of working with cancer ill children. The nurses handled it with different coping strategies such as talking with colleges about their experiences. The nurses also had to take control over their own emotions. The data collection methods the included articles used were; semi-structed-, unstructed-, depth- and focus- groups interviews, surveys. One method, participants were responding to one question.

    Conclusion: The nurse in pediatric oncology unit, daily faces seriously ill children. Emotional stress is something that the nurse must manage as he/she often faces difficulties and sad situations. The nurse manages these pressures by making use of different coping strategies. Despite these difficulties, the nurse experiences a lot of happiness and thankfulness in her profession.

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  • 49.
    Ahlberg, Maja
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Johansson, Sandra
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology.
    Det ätstörda samhället och det sociala arbetet: En kvalitativ studie om ätstörningar ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The main domain in which eating disorders are defined is medical, whereas socio-cultural perspectives are less common. Because social workers seeks to explain different problems taking societal factors into account, we asked ourselves if social workers have a way of understanding eating disorders, that is different from a medical point of view. Two focus group interviews were conducted; the one composed by social workers with experience of working with eating disorders, and the other by social workers without that experience, which enabled comparisons. The interviews were analyzed using socio-cultural and feminist perspectives. The result showed that the social workers use socio-cultural perspectives in explaining eating disorders. Both groups also emphasized the medical perspective, but the first group where less willing than the other to depart from this perspective. The conclusion were made that the social workers having experience of working with eating disorders are more into the medical discourse than are the ones without this experience.

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  • 50.
    Ahlin, Catharina
    et al.
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Klang-Söderkvist, Birgitta
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Erika
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björkholm, Magnus
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Löfmark, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science. Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Haugesund, Norway.
    Assessing nursing students’ knowledge and skills in performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters2017In: Nurse Education in Practice, ISSN 1471-5953, E-ISSN 1873-5223, Vol. 23, p. 8-14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Venepuncture and the insertion of peripheral venous catheters are common tasks in health care, and training in these procedures is included in nursing programmes. Evidence of nursing students’ knowledge and skills in these procedures is limited. The main aim of this study was to assess nursing students’ knowledge and skills when performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters. Potential associations between level of knowledge and skills, self-training, self-efficacy, and demographic characteristics were also investigated. The assessment was performed by lecturers at a university college in Sweden using the two previously tested instruments "Assess Venepuncture"€ and "Assess Peripheral Venous Catheter Insertion". Between 81% and 100% of steps were carried out correctly by the students. The step with the highest rating was "€œUses gloves", and lowest rating was "€˜Informs the patients about the possibility of obtaining local anaesthesia"€™. Significant correlations between degree of self-training and correct performance were found in the group of students who registered their self-training. No associations between demographic characteristics and correct performances were found. Assessing that students have achieved adequate levels of knowledge and skills in these procedures at different levels of the nursing education is of importance to prevent complications and support patient safety.

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