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  • 1.
    Abdelrazek, Fathya
    et al.
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Skytt, Bernice
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Aly, Magda
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    El-Sabour, Mona Abd
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Ibrahim, Naglaa
    Faculty of Nursing, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt.
    Engström, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Leadership and management skills of first-line managers of elderly care and their work environment2010In: Journal of Nursing Management, ISSN 0966-0429, E-ISSN 1365-2834, Vol. 18, no 6, p. 736-745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim To study the leadership and management skills of first-line managers (FLMs) of elderly care and their work environment in Egypt and Sweden. Background FLMs in Egypt and Sweden are directly responsible for staff and quality of care. However, FLMs in Sweden, in elderly care, have smaller units/organizations to manage than do their colleagues in Egypt. Furthermore, family care of the elderly has been the norm in Egypt, but in recent years institutional care has increased, whereas in Sweden, residential living homes have existed for a longer period. Methods A convenience sample of FLMs, 49 from Egypt and 49 from Sweden, answered a questionnaire measuring leadership and management skills, structural and psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and psychosomatic health. Results In both countries, FLMs' perceptions of their leadership and management skills and psychological empowerment were quite high, whereas scores for job satisfaction and psychosomatic health were lower. FLMs had higher values in several factors/study variables in Egypt compared with in Sweden. Conclusion and implications The work environment, both in Egypt and Sweden, needs to be improved to increase FLMs' job satisfaction and decrease stress. The cultural differences and levels of management have an effect on the differences between the two countries.

  • 2.
    Abera, Queen
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Abacioglu, Isabella
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskors attityder och erfarenheter i mötet med patienter med schizofreni: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa ökar i Sverige och innefattar oika psykiska diagnoser och ohälsotillstånd som påverkats av samhällets olika uppfattningar om psykisk ohälsa. Schizofreni är en psykossjukdom som hör till psykisk ohälsa och de vanligaste symtomen för schizofreni är vanföreställningar och hallucinationer. Patienter med schizofreni behöver vård och stöd. 

    Syftet: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk verksamhets attityder och erfarenheter i mötet med patienter med schizofreni samt att beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas undersökningsgrupper.

    Metod: En litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design innehållande tolv vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes i databaserna Cinahl och PsycINFO.

    Huvudresultat: Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor beskrev att de hade positiva och negativa attityder mot patienter som har schizofreni. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev att de hade fått nya erfarenheter av att se hur patienter med schizofrenis vardag såg ut och hur självständiga patienterna kan vara. Andra sjukksöterskor menade att patienter med schizofreni bör vårdas på sjukhus för att de ska få den vård och behandling som de kan behöva. Undersökningsgruppen i studien var sjuksköterskor inom den psykiatriska verksamheten. I studien diskuteras de inkluderade artiklarnas undersökningsgrupps ålder, kön samt yrkestitel.

    Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna i de inkluderande artiklarna hade delade meningar om attityder till patienter med schizofreni. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna menar att patienter med schizofreni behöver rätt vård,utbildning och stöd från sjukvårdspersonal och familj för att kunna hantera sin livssituation och fullfölja sin behandling.

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  • 3.
    Abou-Soultan, Nariman
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Abujazar, Ahmed
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Hur personer med schizofreni upplever sin livskvalité: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Schizophrenia is a form of psychosis, it is rare but a very serious disease and the lifetime risk of becoming sick is 0.8% in Sweden. People with schizophrenia experience altered perception of reality because of symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Many relatives of people with schizophrenia argue that there is a lack of knowledge that leads to distorted view of themselves and the environment. The diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on symptoms, which consequently means that nurses have an important role which should include plenty hospitality, communication and understanding of patients' quality of life.

     

    Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how people with schizophrenia experience their quality of life and to describe the method of selection of the articles included.

     

    Method: The present study has a descriptive design and contains a total of 12 articles with qualitative and quantitative effort. The majority of the articles that have been used has the qualitative approach. Data collection has been conducted via PsycINFO.

     

    Main Results: The diagnosis of schizophrenia contributed to confusion and difficulties to accept their disease. Symptoms and side effects of the medicine were the most conspicuous factors that resulted in the loss. Experiences of stigmatization and rejection by the environment were also a contributing factor for a poorer quality of life. The 12 included articles have mainly used the interviews to reach people's subjective experiences of living with schizophrenia.

     

    Conclusion: Schizophrenia affects people's daily lives and relationships with other people negatively which led to the suffering and poorer quality of life. Knowledge of how people with schizophrenia experience their quality of life is important information for nurses that can lead to greater understanding, better reception, care and treatment.

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  • 4.
    Abrahamsson, Angela
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Hansson, Eva-Lena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Att beskriva personers upplevelse av sin livssituation efter att ha genomgått en gastric bypass operation ur ett fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt perspektiv: Litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Obesity is now a growing problem in the world and as a result, several do gastric bypass surgery for weight loss. It is important that the experiences from a physical, mental and social approach is illuminated to provide a better understanding and to help them to right direction.

    Aim: To describe the experience situation of life a one person after doing a gastric bypass surgery from a physical, psychological and social perspective.

    Method: A descriptive study of eleven scientific articles.

    Results: After a gastric bypass, the people have a more positive attitude towards life according the three perspectives. They experienced that they fit into society and could participate in the social and physical context in a better way than before. Sometime after the surgery, the participants experienced that they were back into the old habits which gave them a worse quality of life. They ment that the operation was a tool but the hard part remained and they expected a challenge, as some managed better than others.

    Conclusions: It is important to give people good support, and information to enable them to preserve their new lifestyle. They are making a great mental effort, therefore they are indeed of psychotherapy and guidence to find a suitable copingstrategy to handle different situations.

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  • 5.
    Adolfsson, Jenny
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Philipsson, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Faktorer som kan påverka sjuksköterskans följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Health-related infections (HRI) are the most frequent occurring care damages in inpatient care. HRI’s does not only impact the individual patient, but it also creates high costs and causes high levels of stress at the organization, as well as the community level. Nurses’ application of and compliance with evidence-based guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines is the most effective way to prevent HRI. An examination of the various factors that contributes to the lack of compliance with the different guidelines are crucial in order to increase the theoretical and practical knowledge amongst nurses. This automatically leads to the performing of a safer patient care.

    Aim: The purpose of this literature study was to identify and describe the various factors that may impact the nurse's compliance with basic hygiene routines in the prevention of healthcare related infections and to describe the data collection methods in the academic literature.

    Method: A descriptive literature study with results from 12 scientific articles. The literature research was performed in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The articles were also reviewed based on their data collection method.

    Main results: Several factors contributed to how the nurses followed evidence-based guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines. The accessibility that nurses had to hygiene products was a primary cause. Lack of knowledge, time shortage, and high workload were additional causes as to why the basic hygiene routines were not properly performed. Contrary to this, good colleagues, good communication, and a safe workplace proved to be factors with a positive impact on preventive work. Surveys, observations and combined data collection methods were used in the included scientific articles.

    Conclusion: There are several factors that affect nurses compliance with guidelines regarding basic hygiene routines. By creating awareness among nurses regarding these factors, they are given the possibility of improving the preventive work against HRI.

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  • 6.
    Adolfsson, Julia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Mjälby, Jennifer
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Livskvalitet hos patienter i väntan på, samt efter levertransplantation: Litteraturstudie2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte:

    Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva patienters skattade livskvalitet

    med SF-36, i väntan på levertransplantation samt efter levertransplantation.

    Metod:

    En beskrivande litteraturstudie med 11 kvantitativa artiklar, som efter sökning i

    databaserna PubMed och Cinahl inkluderats.

    Huvudresultat:

    I fyra av åtta kategorier i SF-36 ligger samtliga patienters skattningar i

    väntan på levertransplantation under 50 av 100 möjliga poäng. Social funktion var den

    kategorin i SF-36, där livskvaliteten skattades högst hos patienter i väntan på

    levertransplantation.

    I fem av åtta kategorier ligger samtliga patienters skattningar efter levertransplantation över

    50 av 100 möjliga poäng. Fysisk- och social funktion är de kategorier i SF-36, där patienter

    efter levertransplantation skattar sin livskvalitet högst.

    Slutsats:

    Föreliggande litteraturstudies resultat kan ge en förståelse av livskvalitet hos

    patienter i väntan på levertransplantation och efter levertransplantation. Detta kan

    sjuksköterskan använda för att stötta patienter som skattar sin livskvalitet lågt. Tillsammans

    med kvalitativ forskning kan sjuksköterskan få djupare kunskap i och med patienternas egna

    upplevda livskvalitet. Detta är viktigt för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna individualisera

    omvårdnadsarbetet.

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  • 7.
    Aghayari, Ana
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Upplevelser vid måltidssituationer som de beskrivs av strokepatienter med dysfagi: En litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Stroke is an endemic disease, which in Sweden approximately 30 000 persons yearly are taken by and is estimated to cost society around 18 billion Swedish kronor (SEK). Dysphagia (eating difficulty in swallowing) is a common and known disorder in stroke patients. Dysphagia is not a disease itself, but rather a symptom of something underlying for example stroke. Dysphagia can lead to malnutrition and the risk of increased mortality.

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  • 8.
    Agic, Alma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Skogsfjord, Rebecka
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter samt följder av trakassering på arbetsplatsen2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 9.
    Ahlander, Emma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Brodin, Ida
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskans upplevelser och copingstrategier vid vård av barn med cancer: En litteraturstudie2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe the nurse experience and coping strategies working with cancer ill children and to analyze the included articles data collection method.

    Method: A descripted literature study with qualitative approach. Eleven articles were included, nine qualitative, one quantitative and one with a mixed method. The articles were found through the database PubMed and Cinahl between the years 2005 to 2015.

    Result: Five main themes were found: The nurse experience of working with cancer ill children, communications difficulties with the children and their families, difficulties about the work, and palliative care and death, the nurse coping strategies of working with cancer ill children. The nurses handled it with different coping strategies such as talking with colleges about their experiences. The nurses also had to take control over their own emotions. The data collection methods the included articles used were; semi-structed-, unstructed-, depth- and focus- groups interviews, surveys. One method, participants were responding to one question.

    Conclusion: The nurse in pediatric oncology unit, daily faces seriously ill children. Emotional stress is something that the nurse must manage as he/she often faces difficulties and sad situations. The nurse manages these pressures by making use of different coping strategies. Despite these difficulties, the nurse experiences a lot of happiness and thankfulness in her profession.

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  • 10.
    Ahlin, Catharina
    et al.
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Klang-Söderkvist, Birgitta
    Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Johansson, Erika
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björkholm, Magnus
    Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Löfmark, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science. Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Haugesund, Norway.
    Assessing nursing students’ knowledge and skills in performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters2017In: Nurse Education in Practice, ISSN 1471-5953, E-ISSN 1873-5223, Vol. 23, p. 8-14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Venepuncture and the insertion of peripheral venous catheters are common tasks in health care, and training in these procedures is included in nursing programmes. Evidence of nursing students’ knowledge and skills in these procedures is limited. The main aim of this study was to assess nursing students’ knowledge and skills when performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters. Potential associations between level of knowledge and skills, self-training, self-efficacy, and demographic characteristics were also investigated. The assessment was performed by lecturers at a university college in Sweden using the two previously tested instruments "Assess Venepuncture"€ and "Assess Peripheral Venous Catheter Insertion". Between 81% and 100% of steps were carried out correctly by the students. The step with the highest rating was "€œUses gloves", and lowest rating was "€˜Informs the patients about the possibility of obtaining local anaesthesia"€™. Significant correlations between degree of self-training and correct performance were found in the group of students who registered their self-training. No associations between demographic characteristics and correct performances were found. Assessing that students have achieved adequate levels of knowledge and skills in these procedures at different levels of the nursing education is of importance to prevent complications and support patient safety.

  • 11.
    Ahlin, Catharina
    et al.
    karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
    Löfmark, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science.
    Klang, Birgitta
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
    Johansson, Eva
    Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
    Development of instruments for assessment of nursing students’ knowledge and skills in performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Ahlin, Catharina
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Löfmark, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science.
    Klang Söderkvist, Birgitta
    Karolinska instituet.
    Johansson, Eva
    Karolinska Instituet.
    Development of instruments for assessment of knowledge and skills in performing venepuncture and inserting peripheral venous catheters2013In: Journal of Vascular Access, ISSN 1129-7298, E-ISSN 1724-6032, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 364-372Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Performing venepuncture is one of the most routinely performed invasive procedures in nursing care. The aim of this study was to develop instruments for the assessment of nursing students' knowledge and skills when performing venepuncture and inserting a peripheral venous catheter. 
Methods: Two instruments were developed using the following steps. 1) Assessment items of importance for the procedures (venepuncture 48 items and peripheral venous catheter 51 items) were collected from focus groups including nurses, lecturers and patients. 2) The number of items was reduced using a method based on the Delphi method. Experts (n=51) reviewed the instruments in two rounds. The revised versions included 31 items for venepuncture and 33 items for peripheral venous catheter insertion. 3) Usability tests were conducted by nurses who tested the instruments to confirm that items were possible to assess. 4) Inter-rater reliability was assessed by twelve lecturers who in pairs, but independently of each other, used the instruments to assess 50 nursing students. 
Results: Proportion of agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient were calculated for each item to determine inter-rater reliability. Among the tested items for both instruments, the median proportion of agreement was 1 (range 0.66-1) and the median kappa was 0.52 (range 0.22-1). 
Conclusions: The instruments developed for assessing nursing students' knowledge and skills of venepuncture and peripheral venous catheter insertion showed satisfactory inter-rater reliability.

  • 13.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Ljungqvist, ArneSvedsäter, GöranUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Sports science.
    Doping and public health2016Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Doping – the use of performance-enhancing substances and methods – has long been a high-profile issue in sport but in recent years it has also become an issue in wider society. This important new book examines doping as a public health issue, drawing on a multi-disciplinary set of perspectives to explore the prevalence, significance and consequences of doping in wider society. It introduces the epidemiology of doping, examines the historical context, and explores the social, behavioural, legal, ethical and political aspects of doping. The book also discusses possible interventions for addressing the problem on organisational and societal levels.

  • 14.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Ljungqvist, Arne
    Svedsäter, Göran
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Sports science.
    Introduction: Doping and Public Health2016In: Doping and Public Health / [ed] Nader Ahmadi, Arne Ljungqvist, Göran Svedsäter, Abingdon: Routledge, 2016, 1, , p. 151p. 1-10Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of “doping” is usually associated with sport, particularly elite sport. In fact, doping means the use of substances or methods that are banned in sport by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) because of their potentially performance-enhancing effects. Their use is, therefore, considered to be against the fair play spirit of sport and can also include significant health risks for the user. However, the use of many doping substances is no longer limited to the world of sport. Doping substances such as anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are nowadays used also by people who are not competitive athletes but who want to make use of the effects of AAS in making their bodies more muscular, stronger and impressive in conformity with the current masculine body ideal. The use of AAS and similar substances appears to be growing and has been found in a range of countries previously not researched. At least, recent data obtained from customs seizures, court cases and some surveys suggest that the extent of AAS use outside sport has been underestimated, some reasons probably being an underground circulation of such drugs in the gym and fitness culture and the easy availability of them on the internet. One particular concern is the increasing use of nutritional supplements by growing segments of society. A significant percentage of these products have been shown to contain prohibited substances such as steroids that are not listed on the label. This shows that the nutritional supplement industry needs to be more strictly regulated. Until that happens, supplements of dubious value, content and quality will continue to be easily available around the world. What, then, are the possible reasons that active and health-conscious individuals are willing to take the risk to use preparations such as AAS? A review of the research shows that the most important motive behind the use of AAS outside the elite sports environment, i.e., in a fitness context, is to improve physical appearance. Although most users are boys and young and middle-aged men, also women of various ages use doping substances. Different types of slimming pills are popular among women (including hormone preparations), but possibly even more interesting are the new female fitness and appearance ideals that are connected to muscles and strength. The body has become increasingly important for saying something about who we are. The hunt for the perfect appearance creates a situation where denial instead of acceptance of one’s own body influences the individual’s self-image.

  • 15.
    Ahmadi, Nader
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Psychology, Social work.
    Svedsäter, Göran
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Sports science.
    "The winner takes it all": Individualization and Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Methods in Sport and in Society2016In: Doping and Public Health / [ed] Nader Ahmadi, Arne Ljungqvist, Göran Svedsäter, Abingdon: Routledge, 2016, 1, , p. 151p. 38-48Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A common misconception in today's society is that everything is (or should be) rational and goal-oriented, which we summarized earlier as pragmatic rationalism. We call this pragmatic rationalism a misconception because it misses a historical fact that individuals' actions are and have never been governed entirely by rational motives. Emotional, ethical and existential considerations influence human actions extensively. Solidarity, willingness to share and even self-sacrifice and prioritizing the good of others before one's own are values that have survived many different economic cultures. Even today's extremely individualized society with its focus on reaching success and winning at any price cannot completely suppress these values. There is an inherent contradiction between the crude egoism of modern individualism and its historical development that largely has its origin in the care of humans.

  • 16.
    Akander, Sara
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Eriksson, Ellinor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Hur personer som lever med HIV/AIDS upplever bemötandet inom vården: - En litteraturstudie2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: HIV is a viral disease that is caused by a retro virus which damage the immune system. AIDS is the final stage of the disease and there are two types of HIV; type 1 and type 2. The carer and the patient are dependent on each other to make the medical care optimal. The meeting is an important part of patients’ experience of medical care, especially for people living with a contagious disease. Earlier research showed that healthcare professionals could have a potentially critical view on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Knowledge about how PLHA experience the meeting when in contact with the healthcare sector today is missing, therefore the authors of this study wanted to examine this topic further. Aim: The aim was to describe how PLHA experience the meeting within the healthcare sector when seeking help because of the disease, and also to describe the sample used in the articles that were used in this study. Method: Descriptive literature review, nine articles both qualitative and quantitative where used. Key findings: : According to PLHA was a positive encounter important to the career-patient-relationship. Trough more information and increased knowledge about the disease in nurses and other healthcare personnel did PLHA describe that the encounter became more positive and the HIV-related stigma could be reduced. An individual education for PLHA were also an important factor to reduce the self-experienced stigma that often were based upon shame. That internal shame and the feeling that needing to hide something could lead to depression and negative feelings. A negative encounter could for example be lack of dedications and an un-welcoming attitude and furthermore reluctance in the healthcare personnel to treat and support PLHA both physically and psychological Conclusions: PLHA doesn't experience as much stigma or discrimination today as before, but there are still a certain degree of preconceptions. Further education of both healthcare personnel that doesn't encounter these kind of patients on a regular basis and information to the society could help reduce the preconceptions and the stigma that still exist around this disease.

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  • 17.
    Alarik, Therese
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Olofsson, Marie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Manliga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av yrket: en beskrivande litteraturstudie2019Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning

    Bakgrund Historiskt sett har sjuksköterskeyrket ansetts ha låg status och varit dominerat av kvinnor. Yrkesrollen har associerats till det kvinnliga och att vara omhändertagande, varm och moderlig. Denna stereotyp finns kvar ännu idag. I Sverige antog inte sjuksköterskeutbildningen män förrän under 1950-talet, och viss forskning har visat att patienter och kvinnliga kollegor varit skeptiska till män i yrkesrollen.

    Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva manliga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vara man i yrket.

    Metod En beskrivande litteraturstudie. Databaserna Medline via Pubmed och Cinahl användes för att finna 13 artiklar, dessa analyserades genom en innehållsanalys. 

    Huvudresultat Studien presenterar manliga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av yrket i fem kategorier: Upplevelsen av marginalisering och exkludering, Förväntningar på män i yrket, Manliga sjuksköterskors syn på yrket, I mötet med patienten samt Fördomar om manliga sjuksköterskors sexuella läggning.

    Slutsats Manliga sjuksköterskor har upplevt motstånd i sitt yrke och begränsats av fördomar om att män inte platsar i yrkesrollen. De upplevde sig exkluderade och marginaliserade kopplat till mansrollen, samt att de förväntades utföra tungt och tekniskt arbete. Trots sin minoritetsställning upplevde de ändå patriarkaliska fördelar. I samhället finns en uppfattning om att manliga sjuksköterskor är homosexuella. Resultatet vittnar om att könsroller och genusstrukturer påverkar arbetet, vilket kan relateras till Raewyn Connells maskulinitetsteori.

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    Manliga sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av yrket
  • 18.
    Aldén, Rebecka
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Werme, Sandra
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskans agerande och faktorer som kan påverka beslutsfattandet om att anmäla vid misstänkt barnmisshandel.: En litterarurstudie2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet: var att beskriva sjuksköterskans agerande och vilka faktorer som kan påverka beslutet om att anmäla eller inte vid misstanke om barnmisshandel samt att granska kvaliteten avseende de metodologiska aspekterna urval- och datainsamlingsmetod i studiens ingående artiklar.

    Metod: Deskriptiv litteraturstudie baserad på femton vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl.

    Resultat: Sjuksköterskor känner sig osäkra när tecken/symtom var otydliga och avvaktade för att samla information innan hon eller han bestämde sig för att anmäla. Sjuksköterskor var bekväma i sina observationer när arbetsplatsen stod bakom beslut om att anmäla misstanke om barnmisshandel. Faktorer som visade sig påverka sjuksköterskans beslut om att anmäla var utbildning, kunskap, samarbete, riktlinjer, självförtroende, attityder och inställning.

    Slutsats: Screening för barnmisshandel, tydliga riktlinjer, mer stöd från kollegor samt utbildning inom området behövs.

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    R Aldén S Werme
  • 19.
    Alexander, Weman
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Ida, Westerberg
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Kvinnors upplevelser av det första året efter en Gastric bypass operation.: En kvalitativ blogganalys2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av livet första året efter en Gastric bypass operation. Metoden var en kvalitativ blogganalys av beskrivande design som använde sig av ett ändamålsurval med inklusion- exklusionkriterier. Åtta kvinnor deltog i studien. Det insamlande materialet analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. 

    Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av livet första året efter en Gastric bypass operation. Metoden var en kvalitativ blogganalys av beskrivande design som använde sig av ett ändamålsurval med inklusion- exklusionkriterier. Åtta kvinnor deltog i studien. Det insamlande materialet analyserades genom en manifest innehållsanalys. 

    Slutsatsen var att ingen av informanterna ångrade ingreppet då de upplevde att operationen var den enda vägen ur tillståndet. Informanterna upplevde att stödet och attityderna från sjukvården var sämre än väntat samt att informationen om vad som väntade efter operation var till och från var bristfällig. Attityden från omgivningen men även ibland från vården upplevdes som dålig och informanterna kändes sig missförstådda, inte tagna på allvar och ibland utanförskap.

  • 20.
    Al-hedr, Hkmat
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Palomera, Giordano
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Erfarenheter av egenvård hos vuxna personer med Diabetes typ 2: En litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 ökar globalt, riskfaktorer för utvecklingen är bland annat ärftlighet och levnadssätt. Främsta behandlingen är egenvård i form av regelbunden motion och hälsosam kosthållning.

     

    Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva erfarenheter av egenvård hos vuxna personer med Diabetes typ 2.

     

    Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie som inkluderade 15 artiklar, vilka svarade på litteraturstudiens syfte. Genom databaserna MEDLINE via PubMed och CINAHL söktes artiklar fram systematiskt, varav en var manuell sökning.

     

    Resultat: Resultatet visade att personer kände oro vid diagnostisering av Diabetes typ 2. Oron minskade när personerna accepterade sjukdomen och tog ansvar genom egenvård. Personer förklarade att de behövde upprätthålla egenvårdsåtgärder för att det skulle ske en livsstilsförändring, dock beskrevs det som svårt. Även om personer påbörjat sin väg mot livsstilsförändring kunde de stöta på svårigheter att hantera sociala sammanhang, vilket var ett hinder i deras vardag. Närstående till personer kunde också upplevas som ett hinder, men främst ansågs de närstående vara ett stort stöd. Personer beskrev också sjuksköterskan som ett viktigt stöd, framförallt med motivation. Andra personer beskrev istället att sjuksköterskan endast utförde praktiska procedurer.

     

    Slutsats: Utifrån litteraturstudiens resultat kan sjuksköterskan få en uppfattning av personernas erfarenheter. Detta kan underlätta för sjuksköterskan att främja hälsa genom att ge anpassad information och vård. Om personer får en sådan hjälp kan de ta eget ansvar för sin behandling och därav påbörja sin egenvård. Genom att personerna upprätthåller sin egenvård kan de i längden förbättra sin livskvalitet.

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  • 21.
    Alm, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Distriktssköterskors/Sjuksköterskors reflektioner kring omvårdnad av patienter och stöd till anhöriga inom palliativ vård i hemsjukvården: En intervjustudie med fokus på relationer2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to describe district nurses’/nurses’ reflections of providing nursing to patients and support to families receiving palliative care within home care. The study had a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected using semi-structured interview questions and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.The overarching theme that emerged was: The valuable but limited time on the last trip and consisted of the two main categories: To overcome barriers to providing good care and See opportunities to create good nursing care. Factors that precluded that good nursing could be provided was when district nurses/nurses experienced resistance from patient or relatives, when language difficulties arose or when family relationships were disturbed. The participants described furthermore that good nursing could not be given when families did not accept support offered from district nurses/nurses in order to strengthen the families capacity to manage their situation or in cases when patients had no close relatives as caregivers who could participate in and facilitate care. Conditions to provide good care was experienced when patients were receptive to care and understood their situation, and when district nurses/nurses were able to get a good start with time to get to know the patient. The basis for being able to provide good care consisted of relatives´ willingness to participate in the care of the patient as well as of the nurses’ feeling secure in their role as a result of their long experience. Palliative care in the home is a complex area and is affected by individual circumstances of patients, relatives and the district nurse/nurse as well as structural work-related conditions. To provide good palliative care is one of the greatest challenges for district nurses/nurses in palliative home care.

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  • 22.
    Alm, Anna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Vorén, Rose-Marie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Upplevelse av palliativ vård hos patienter behandlade för obotlig cancer på hospice eller inom den slutna vården - en litteraturstudie2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of terminal cancer patients’ receiving palliative care in hospice or in an in-patient care unit, and illuminate what these patients believe that good palliative care involves. Method:  The Literature study had a descriptive design and was based on 14 scientific articles that were retrieved from the databases Cinahl, PubMed, PsycInfo and by manual search. The results of the analysis were compiled into 5 categories containing 23 subcategories. Main Result: Patients experienced that the issue of most importance in palliative care was to obtain adequate pain relief without reservation or delay. Good communication and interaction between the nurse and the patient was the basis for good health care to be developed. Trust in health professionals' skills and abilities were essential to patients' perceptions of security. Autonomy was central for the patients’ participation in their health care, and it created a sense of control and meaning. The environment at the hospice had a negative impact on the patients’ self-image and made them lose their identity. Finding meaning in their suffering helped the patients gradually to accept their situation in order to find peace in their knowing of the inevitable. Conclusion: The interpersonal communication and nursing skills is of crucial importance for patients' perceptions of good health care. More research is needed to meet the growing request of qualified professional palliative care.

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    Upplevelse av palliativ vård hos patienter behandlade för obotlig cancer på hospice eller inom den slutna vården - en litteraturstudie
  • 23.
    Al-Sabti, Sarah
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Maycraft Kall, Mathilde
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskornas upplevelser av att ge omvårdnad till patienter inom palliativ vård i hemmet2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskorna behövde vara flexibla för att kunna hjälpa patienterna med sitt vardagliga liv. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan är redo att tillhandahålla palliativ vård på ett professionellt sätt och för att uppnå detta krävs det att sjuksköterskan har ett bra bemötande samt att patienten ges bästa möjliga omvårdnad. Sjuksköterskans arbete inom den palliativa vården är krävande och därför efterfrågas kunskap och erfarenhet hos sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att ge omvårdnad till vuxna patienter som ges palliativ vård i hemmet, samt att beskriva hur de valda artiklarna beskriver undersökningsgruppen. Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturanalys. 11 artiklar granskades och sammanfattades.  Huvudresultat: Att handskas med ett arbete nära döden och anhöriga som ofta hellre vill ha sin egen röst hörd istället för patientens röst är svårt för sjuksköterskan. Sjuksköterskor upplevde palliativ vård som emotionellt påfrestande. Sjuksköterskor beskriver att de genom professionella gränser och kollegialt stöd hanterar arbetet. Slutsats: Att upprätthålla de professionella gränserna är viktigt för sjuksköterskan, samt att kunna få kollegialt stöd. Att få läkaren att förstå vikten av situationen är inte alltid lätt, men är viktigt för sjuksköterskan att kunna göra för att ge patienten den bästa vården och minska patientens lidande.  

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  • 24.
    Alvesand, Caroline
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Linder, Charlotte
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Ungdomars upplevelse av att leva med Diabetes Mellitus typ 1.: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie.2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 debuts in childhood and adolescence. The treatment is self-care that involves blood glucose control, drug treatment and following recommendations on diet and exercise. Nursing's professional area includes children and adolescents. Deviating from self-care activities and secrecy around the disease affects the quality of care for young people. Purpose: To describe the young people's experience of living with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 as well as describing the study groups of the studies examined. Method: Descriptive literature study with twelve scientific articles with qualitative as well as qualitative and quantitative approach. Consequences and differences in the results of the articles have been categorized and themes and subthemes have been identified. Results: Young people experienced difficulties in accepting their illness and wanted to have control over and take responsibility for their illness and increase independence. Young people experienced the feeling of being different and avoiding self-care in social contexts. Difficulties to follow dietary recommendations varied and blood glucose controls were exerted. Support from friends and peers facilitated the performance of self-care. It was positive that nurses showed interest in the lives of adolescents in addition to their DMT1. Nurses were found to fail to get into the situation of young people and to be an emotional support. Conclusion: There is a need for increased support and understanding from nurses. Through increased understanding, the nurse can help to facilitate the transfer of responsibility. This can lead to increased safety and sense of control among adolescents, which may help them dare to share their illness with the environment.

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  • 25.
    Alvåg, Amanda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Anna, Ramberg
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Mödrars upplevelse av postpartumdepression: En litterturstudie2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 26.
    Amini Alikani, Amineh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Nygren, Sofia
    Upplevelse, livskvalitet och stöd från sjuksköterskor: en litteraturstudie om fatigue hos personer med MS2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: was to increase understanding of the experience of fatigue in people with MS and fatigues impact on quality of life and how the nurse can support and help people with MS in their everyday life.

    Method: Literature review with a descriptive design. Articles (n=15) were retrieved from Medline via PubMed and Cinahl and manual reference lists, six qualitative, eight quantitative and one with a combination of both approaches.

    Findings: it was found that fatigue in people with MS was an invisible symptom, lead to limitations in their everyday life, increased other symptoms and lead to social changes. People suffering from fatigue had lower quality of life than the general population. The findings showed what kind of support people with MS wanted from nurses. People with MS found their own strategies to manage and relieve fatigue, often without help from nurses.

    Conclusion: Fatigue in people with MS was a troublesome symptom which affected their everyday life and lowered their quality of life. Since fatigue was an invisible symptom it should be approached by nurses. More research is needed about how fatigue in people with MS should be treated and how nurses can best support people with MS to manage and relieve fatigue in their everyday life.

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    fulltext
  • 27.
    Amra, Olfat
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Larsson, Malin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Egenvårdens roll i förebyggandet av fotsår vid omvårdnaden av personer med diabetes mellitus typ 1 och typ 2: En litteraturstudie2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 28.
    Amundsson, Ulrika
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Larsson, Sofi
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar i Sverige2013Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syfte: Att beskriva vilka faktorer som bidrar till psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar i Sverige.

    Metod: Litteraturstudie med en deskriptiv design. Studien är baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar sökt i databaserna "PubMed" och "Cinahl".

    Resultat: Det visade sig i resultatet att skilda föräldrar är en stor bidragande faktor till ungdomars psykiska ohälsa. Ungdomar som lever med skilda föräldrar har en större risk att drabbas av depression, ångest och att börja utöva negativa beteenden som rökning, dricka alkohol och tidig sexdebut. Andra faktorer som bidrar till psykisk ohälsa var fetma hos ungdomar och låg socioekonomisk status hos föräldrar.

    Slutsats: Resultatet i föreliggande studie visade att ungdomar som lever med skilda föräldrar är en stark bidragande faktor till ungdomars psykiska ohälsa. Även fetma hos ungdomarna och dålig socioekonomisk status hos föräldrar kan leda till psykisk ohälsa hos ungdomar. Författarna till föreliggande studie önskar att riktlinjer utvecklas så att sjuksköterskan och andra professioner inom vården lättare ska fånga upp de ungdomar som lider av psykisk ohälsa, genom att ha dessa faktorer i åtanke. Ytterligare forskning inom området bör utföras för att få en tydligare bild av hur familjeförhållanden påverkar den psykiska ohälsan hos ungdomar i Sverige.

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    Psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar i sverige
  • 29.
    Andarea, Jackline
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Örnblom, Jeanette
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Föräldrars upplevelser av att leva med ett barn 0–13 år, med diabetes typ 1.: En litteraturstudie2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Today live about 450 000 people with diabetes in Sweden and it makes the disease one of the major diseases. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affects young people. In Sweden live about 7000 children with the disease and fall ill every year approximately 700 children under 15 years. This makes the disease one of the most common chronic diseases in children in Sweden.

    Aims: The purpose of this study was to describe parents' experience of living with a child (0-13 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to describe the data collection methods of the included articles.

    Methods: A descriptive literature study, which included 11 scientific articles, nine articles of qualitative approach, one quantitative and one mixed study. These were analyzed objectively by both authors. The searches took place in PubMed and Cinahl.

    Results: The results show that parents experienced stress and life adjustment when child get diabetes. They felt a sense of worry and they found it difficult to assign responsibility to someone else. Support and information perceived as flawed in different situations, but a healthcare team or a mentor perceived as positive. Data collection methods in the included articles were mostly interviews except one who applied the questionnaire.

    Conclusions: Parents experienced constant worry, lack of support and information. With the right support and information would reduce parents' anxiety and it could also strengthen the child's self-care ability.

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  • 30.
    Andersson, Alexandra
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Den stickrädda patienten2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Studies show that about 10% of the world population suffer from needle fear. Consequences for the person with this phobia who knows needle fear is anxiety and avoidance of medical procedures involving injections. This can lead to health problems for the individual and in the worst case lead to the person avoiding all healthcare. It is important that the nurse has knowledge of the factors that can lead to needle fear and what the nursing interventions that can alleviate the suffering of the patient.

    Aim: The purpose of this study was to highlight nurses nursing care measures required to preclude the fear of needles in children. The aim was also to describe the selection groups in the included articles.

    Method: A literature review in which the results of the 12 articles reviewed, analyzed and compiled. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO.

    Main Results: The result showed that the environment's design is important as children get injections, and how well the child was prepared for needle insertion. The result showed that even small children have the opportunity to benefit from training on needle insertion procedures. Adjusting the time it takes for a baby and a toddler to adapt must be allowed to steer healthcare. Distraction was used as a method before the needle insertion but that the best were of distraction was not needed.

    Conclusions: The environment´s design is important as children get injections and nurse can reduce the feeling of a hospital or clinic by adapting the environment and provide for distracting toys. It is important that children know what would happen at the needle insertion procedure and even smaller children can benefit from education about needle injection procedures and understand the importance of them. The nurse can by adjusting the session time for the child's needs and validate the child's feelings reduce anxiety and fear of the needle fearing children.

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  • 31.
    Andersson, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Distriktssköterskors upplevelse av förskrivingsrätten: Ambivalens och variationer i möjligheter och utnyttjandegrad2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning

    Bakgrund:

    Förskrivningsrätten för distriktssköterskor infördes 1994. Syftet var att förenkla och effektivisera hälso- och sjukvården. Det har framkommit att förskrivningsrätten använts i olika omfattning bland distriktssköterskorna. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelser av förskrivningsrätten. Metod: En kvalitativ ansats med en deskriptiv design användes. Tio distriktssköterskor från en hälsocentral och en distriktssköterskemottagning intervjuades. Resultat: Temat "Distriktssköterskorna är ambivalenta till sin förskrivningsrätt och varierar i synen på möjligheter och utnyttjandegrad" bildades ur sju kategorier. Resultatet visade att distriktssköterskorna upplevde att det var bra att ha möjligheten att förskriva men möjligheten och graden av utnyttjande varierade. De upplevde att det var meningslöst att förskriva receptfria läkemedel. Brist på uppdatering i förskrivningsrätten och av nya läkemedel försvårar förskrivningen. Distriktssköterskorna uppgav att förskrivningsrätten underlättade arbetet och förkortade vårdkedjan samt stärkte yrkesrollen. De upplevde att deras förskrivning var en stor fördel för patienten. Slutsats : Distriktssköterskorna upplever ambivalens till sin möjlighet att förskriva läkemedel och utnyttjar inte förskrivningsrätten i den utsträckning de skulle kunna. Det kan bero på att de upplever det meningslöst att förskriva receptfria läkemedel och att de inte har möjlighet att uppdatera sin kunskap. Det finns även de som menade att förskrivningsrätten underlättar, stärker yrkesrollen och är en fördel för patienten.

    Nyckelord:

    Distriktssköterska, läkemedelsförskrivning, förskrivningsrätt, upplevelser.

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  • 32.
    Andersson, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Mammors upplevelse att ha ett barn med atopiskt eksem och deras upplevelse av stöd från BVC-sköterskan2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: En ökning har skett av atopiska eksem, hösnuva och astma i slutet av 1900-talet, sjukdomarna har klassats som ett folkhälsoproblem. Det går inte att bota atopiska eksem, förebyggande behandling mot torr hud och klåda är mest effektiva sättet att hantera sjukdomen och lindra den. Atopiska eksem kan leda till försämrad livskvalité både för barnet och familjen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur mammor upplever att det är att ha ett barn med atopiska eksem samt hur de behandlar och lindrar barnets symtom. Syftet var ckså att beskriva vilket stöd de får från BVC-sköterskan och hur de upplever det stödet. Metod: Studien har en beskrivande design med en kvalitativ ansats. I studien har åtta mammor till barn med atopiska eksem från två förskolor intervjuats. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Huvudresultat: Analysen av intervjuerna resulterade i temat: Att ständigt vara orolig för sitt barn, analysen har också resulterat i tre kategorier som handlar om att mammorna beskrev det ständiga smörjande som ett stressmoment. Mammorna undvek kemikalier i vardagen som de trodde kunde påverka barnens känsliga hy. Mammorna kände sig dåliga som förälder då de inte kunde bota barnens atopiska eksem. Mammorna tyckte att BVC-sköterskans bemötande var bra, men att de inte fick tillräckligt stöd med atopiska eksemet hos barnen. Slutsatser: Atopiska eksem påverkar barn och familjers livssituation, barnet och familjen blir påminda om eksemet igenom det ständiga klådan, sömnlösa nätter och föräldrarnas ständiga oro över barnet. Mammorna tyckte att BVC-sköterskans stöd inte var tillräckligt.

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  • 33.
    Andersson, Anna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Berglund, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Distriktssköterskors och sjuksköterskors erfarenheter om och reflektioner av arbetsmiljön i kommunaliserad hemsjukvård - En intervjustudie2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract (MB och AA)

    District and registered nurses work with various tasks and in different services includinghome care. The patient’s home becomes the nurse’s workplace. The aim of the study was to describe district nurses’/registered nurses’ perceptions and experiences of the work environment in municipalized home care, among those with short and long professional experience. Descriptive design and qualitative approach was used. Five participants with shortand six with long professional experiences were interviewed. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results for participants with short work experience led to fivecategories: factors influencing workload, factors affecting collaboration, relationships and ethical dilemmas, organizational conditions and leadership, and lack of communicationreduce patient safety. The work was experienced physically diverse increased number ofpatients and time constraints led to stress. The work also felt joyful with good relationships to patients and families. Ethical dilemmas arose from divergent views of the patient’s health care needs. The results among participants with long professional experience revealed four categories: nursing in home environment, factors affecting communication and collaboration, tomunicipalize home care is a conversion process and a lack of leadership. The work was described as physically demanding but varied. Shortcomings of communication and information meant that important patient information was missing. District nurses felt theirspecialist competence undervalued. The conclusion is that regardless short or long professional experience, the participants witnessed of positive and negative aspects in their work environment. The work was perceived sensed but increased understanding and supportfrom managers about the work situation was desired. When working in home care, it can be difficult to affect work environment factors of importance because the work is performed inpatients’ homes.

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  • 34.
    Andersson, Axel
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Effektiviteten av högintensiv intervallträning som behandling för Typ 2 Diabetes: En litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund Det finns många olika varianter av diabetes men av alla personer som har diagnostiserats med sjukdomen så har 80-90% typ 2 diabetes (T2D). Sjukdomen kan uppstå av ärftliga faktorer och förekommer ofta i äldre åldrar men kan utvecklas i samband med en ohälsosam livsstil. Vid behandling av T2D är en livsstilsförändring viktigast och sker främst genom förändrade kost- och träningssvanor. Traditionellt har länge måttligt intensiv uthållighetsträning (MICT) i 150 min/vecka rekommenderats till målgruppen som träningsform. Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka effektiviteten av högintensiv intervallträning som behandling för vuxna människor med typ 2 diabetes eller prediabetes. Metod Studien är en deskriptiv systematisk litteraturöversikt som innebär att tillgänglig forskning sammanställs inom ett specifikt ämnesområde för att skapa förståelse för forskningsområdet. Sökningar har skett i databaserna PubMed och samlingsdatabasen Discovery där MeSH termer och friasökningar har kombinerats för att täcka en så stor del av forskningsfältet som möjligt. Resultat 11 artiklar valdes ut och resultatet delades upp i tre olika kategorier mellan glykemisk kontroll, högintensiv intervallträning (HIIT) i jämförelse med MICT och genomförbarheten av HIIT med self-efficiency theory som utgångspunkt. HIIT gav liknande eller bättre effekter på glykemisk kontroll (HbA1c) jämfört med MICT. I studier där genomförbarheten av ett HIIT protokoll nämns så visade samtliga positiva resultat oavsett interventionens längd. Slutsats Liknande eller bättre förbättringar på glykemisk kontroll går att uppnå genom en lägre träningsvolym än de traditionellt rekommenderade 150 min/vecka med måttlig intensitet och HIIT skulle kunna rekommenderas som behandlingsmetod för typ 2 diabetiker samt personer med prediabtes inom vården.

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  • 35.
    Andersson, Carola
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Pagard, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Distriktssköterskors/sjuksköterskors reflektioner kring kommunikation och informationsöverföringsprocessen mellan hemsjukvården och annan vårdgivare2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet till föreliggande studie var att beskriva distriktssköterskors/sjuksköterskors reflektioner kring kommunikation och informationsöverföringsprocessen mellan hemsjukvården och annan vårdgivare. Författarna till föreliggande studie fick fram att brister i kommunikationen såväl muntliga som skriftliga mellan distriktssköterskorna/sjuksköterskorna i hemsjukvården och annan vårdgivare förekom. Det medförde till extra arbete för distriktssköterskorna/sjuksköterskorna samt dålig kontroll av arbetssituationen och svårigheter att utföra deras arbetsuppgifter. Distriktssköterskornas/sjuksköterskornas beskrev en påtaglig känsla av maktlöshet i sin arbetssituation. Kanters teori handlar om det grundläggande behovet av att få egenmakt i sin organisation för att kunna utföra optimal omvårdnad. Författarna till föreliggande studie såg att problematik inom kommunikation och informationsöverföringsprocessen framkom tydlig från båda områdena trots att den ena organisationen bedrivits i 20 år och den andra var nystartad. Slutsatsen från föreliggande studie blev att vårdkedjan inte var starkare än svagaste länken när informationsöverföringsprocessen brustit. I samhällsläget idag med allt fler äldre som kan komma ifråga till att vara i behov av avancerad vård i hemmet och samtidigt bedrivas kostnadseffektivt, har vi inte råd med dessa misstag som medfört till ett onödigt lidande för patienterna och en komplicerad arbetssituation för distriktssköterskorna/sjuksköterskorna.

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  • 36.
    Andersson, Fredrik
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Christina, Lindberg
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskans vårdande på akutmottagningen – ur ett patientperspektiv: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The emergency department has a high patient inflow and this results in increased waiting times for patients with low priority injuries and diseases/conditions. The confidentiality in health care prevents the nurse from giving information on why other patients are prioritized over them. Nurses can with the knowledge of patients' experiences of care in the emergency department, get a better understanding and through this provide more individualized care and increased satisfaction of patients.

    Aim: To describe patients' experiences of care from nurses in the emergency department. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to examine the data collection method of the included articles.

    Methods: A literature study with descriptive design. The twelve included scientific articles were sought out in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. The approaches of these are quantitative, qualitative or mixed.

    Results: Many patients felt that the treatment they received by the nurse in the emergency department was good. The good hospitality, ability to listen and the high competence of the nurse brought a mutual respect between nurse and patient. During the waiting time, however, the patients sometimes felt as a burden on nurses and in some cases even felt ignored. The lack of contact with the nurses during the waiting time meant that the patients did not receive the information they deemed necessary. Patients described that the nurse communication was adequate and that they used an easy to understand language.

    Conclusion: Most patients were satisfied with the care they received by the nurse in the emergency department. They felt that the nurse had a high level of competence and communication was adequate. However, there were patients who felt that the information was inadequate.

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  • 37.
    Andersson, Gabriella
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Johansson, Maria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av hot och våld inom demensvård och somatisk vård på särskilt boende: Litteraturstudie2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av hot och våld inom demensvård och somatisk vård på särskilt boende. Ett annat syfte var att undersöka vilka förebyggande åtgärder vårdpersonal kan använda sig av vid dessa situationer. Föreliggande studie är en litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design.  Artiklar söktes i databasen Cinahl vilket resulterade i tolv inkluderande artiklar av kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Författarna har valt att granska artiklarnas undersökningsgrupp och bortfall. Resultatet visade att hot- och våldsituationer är vanligt på särskilt boende och ofta uppkommer i samband med hjälp vid personlig hygien, påklädning och toalettbesök. Vårdpersonalens upplevelse av våld beror på deras tidigare erfarenheter och attityder. Varje vårdpersonal har en egen tolkning av vad våld innebär samt att graden av tolerans skiljer sig mellan olika individer. Genom att ha ökad kunskap, förmåga att kommunicera samt en professionell attityd och viljan att konsultera med andra i vårdteamet kan personalen förebygga ett aggressivt beteende på sin arbetsplats. Vårdpersonalen antog flera olika strategier för att hantera hot- och våldsituationer hos personer med aggressivt och utåtagerande beteende, t.ex. distraktion, personcentrerat förhållningssätt och kommunikation. Läkemedelsbehandling ansågs inte vara en förstahandsåtgärd. Inom det kliniska arbetet kommer vårdpersonalen på särskilt boende att stöta på svåra situationer och utåtagerande beteenden hos äldre och äldre med demenssjukdomar. Därför är det viktigt att som vårdpersonal ha kunskap om bemötande samt kommunikation för att kunna hantera dessa situationer.

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  • 38.
    Andersson, Inger
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science.
    Hofsten, Anna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Medical science.
    Häggström, Elisabeth
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Nursing science.
    Case seminars open new doors to understanding – students’ experiences of learning2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Andersson, Josefine
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Rosén, Caroline
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Upplevelser av att vårda en närstående med demenssjukdom: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Today, approximately 160,000 people live with dementia in Sweden and globally, the number of affected people is approximately 50 million. Dementia is a collective name for a variety of brain diseases that occur from brain damage. As dementia often materializes gradually overtime, it tends to lead to a family member becoming the caregiver of the person who is sick.

    Aim: The aim of this literature study was to illustrate the experience of those caring for a relative with dementia as well as to describe the study groups in the included studies.

    Method: This study is a literature review with descriptive design consisting of twelve scientific articles with a qualitative approach.

    Main results: Becoming a caregiver to a relative with dementia was rarely a choice but it was a role in which the family member grows into. Many people experienced the role as a caregiver as complex and it was common to experience feelings of insecurity, isolation, fatigue and frustration. The approach and method for managing the disease differed significantly for each caregiver analyzed during this study, however humor, acceptance and religion were often employed as coping mechanisms. The result was compiled with seven subheadings: From family to family caregiver, Support in care, Insecurity, ignorance and difficult situations, More than a full time job, Loss and fear of the future, Coping strategies, and Methodological aspect – study groups.

    Conclusion: Being a family caregiver was a challenge to most people. Many have expressed the gravity of receiving both societal support and help from other family members to obtain relief within their role, but in spite of this, the caregiver often took the greater responsibility. Therefore, a critical change in the support is necessary to enable them to want, and be able, to continue to fulfill the important work they do. 

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    Upplevelser av att vårda en närstående med demenssjukdom
  • 40.
    Andersson, Kajsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Jansson, Linnea
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av arbetsrelaterad stress samt stressens konsekvenser: En kvalitativ intervjustudie2014Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to describe newly graduated nurses' experiences of work-related stress and to describe their experiences of what consequences stress can lead to. A descriptive interview study with qualitative approach was used. Data collection was performed by eight semi-structured interviews. The collected data was analyzed using qualitative manifest content analysis. The main result demonstrates that newly graduated nurses experienced stress in the beginning of their profession, partly because it is a time of uncertainty. Newly graduated nurses have described a decreased experience of stress with increased knowledge and experience, and reduced demands on herself in the professional role. Nursing is described to be stressful due to a variety of causes but there are measures that can be used to reduce stress. Stress has been described to cause consequences both for the nurse as an individual and for the care of patients, which has been described to result in feelings such as frustration and inadequacy. In line with Benner's theory it can be stated that newly graduated nurses undergo a professional development which lead to a experience of decreased stress. Stress in the nursing profession is a complex problem that must be dealt with on several fronts. For the newly graduated nurse it is very important that she is gentle with herself in the professional role by not having too high demands on herself to be able to practice her profession, that is carry out optimal patient-focused nursing.

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    Examensarbete
  • 41.
    Andersson Kraft, Emelie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Distriktsköterskans arbete med och reflektioner kring behandlingen av vuxna patienter med övervikt och fetma: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med distriktssköterskor på landstingsdrivna vårdcentraler i Uppsala län2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Övervikt och fetma är ett växande problem i Sverige och delar av världen. Det är en riskfaktor för andra somatiska sjukdomar och har en negativ inverkan på livskvalitén. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva distriktsköterskors arbete med och reflektioner kring behandlingen av vuxna patienter med övervikt och fetma. Studien var av kvalitativ ansats med deskriptiv design och genomfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta distriktssköterskor på landstingsdrivna vårdcentraler i Uppsala län. Resultatet av studien visade att mätvärden och samtal var viktiga verktyg för att distriktssköterskorna ska kunna identifiera patientens övervikt eller fetma. I behandlingen av övervikt och fetma var motiverande samtal, tvärprofessionellt arbete, fysisk aktivitet på recept och kostråd centrala delar. Liksom de stöd som distriktssköterskan utgjorde för patienten i beteendeförändringen. Patientens brist på motivation eller vilja kunde försvåra samarbetet mellan patient och distriktssköterska. Slutsatsen av studien visade att distriktssköterskorna hade en betydande roll i patientens beteendeförändring mot en hälsosammare livsstil och viktminskning. Distriktssköterskorna hade kunskap och kompetens att hjälpa patienten i arbetet med beteendeförändringen men mer kunskap behövdes för att kunna utveckla vården. Riktlinjer för hur övervikt och fetma ska tas om hand och behandlas inom vården var viktiga och hjälpte distriktssköterskorna att motivera sitt arbete hos verksamhetschefer. Distriktssköterskorna följde delvis vårdprogrammet för fetma hos vuxna i Uppsala län.

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  • 42.
    Andersson, Kristoffer
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskans arbetsmiljö och patientsäkerhet: En litteraturstudie2012Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskans arbetsmiljö påverkar patientsäkerheten. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie som baserade sig på tretton artiklar. Resultatet pekade på att kvalitén på vården som sjuksköterskorna gav var signifikant associerad med sjukhusets arbetsmiljö och antalet anställda. Det fanns ett starkt samband mellan antalet patienter per sjuksköterska och patientsäkerheten. Det visade sig även att om en arbetsplats har en dåligt organiserad arbetsmiljö så kan det motverka fördelarna med att ha mycket personal. Sjuksköterskor måste vara flexibla då patienternas behov och vårdkedjor var mycket komplexa och ständigt varierande. Det kan finnas starka kopplingar mellan patienternas säkerhet i vården och sjuksköterskornas arbetsmiljö samt flera faktorer som påverkar denna arbetsmiljö: bemanning, organisation, arbetsansvar, höga krav, arbetsledning, patienternas tillstånd, arbetsrelationer, lagarbete, arbetsvillkor, sjuksköterskans professionella inställning, kommunikation, resurser, stress, utmattningssyndrom, stora mängder administration, telefonarbete, hanterande av svåra situationer och övriga icke sjuksköterskeuppgifter. Sjuksköterskeyrket beskrivs som mycket komplext, att det förväntas mycket och att det ställs stora krav på våra sjuksköterskor. Hög arbetsbelastning, konflikter mellan kollegor, dålig ledning och emotionell börda kopplades till utmattningssyndrom bland sjuksköterskor. Slutsatsen blev att låg bemanning och dålig arbetsmiljö kan påverka vårdkvalitén och patientsäkerheten.

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  • 43.
    Andersson, Linda
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Hellgren, Frida
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av samt förutsättningar till preventivt arbete2018Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrunden till studien var att i takt med en ökad kunskap om att en stor andel sjukdomar går att påverka med förändrad livsstil ökar kraven på hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen att kunna motivera patienter att förändra levnadsvanor. Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av samt vilka förutsättningar de har till att arbeta preventivt inom det dagliga arbetet i primärvården. Metoden för studien var kvalitativ studie med deskriptiv design. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med öppna frågor och tio distriktssköterskor inom primärvården deltog. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Huvudresultatet som framkom i studien var att deltagarna försökte arbeta preventivt i allt de gjorde, att det var något som fanns inom dem och att det var primärvårdens huvudsyfte. Det preventiva arbetet försvårades med att deltagarna inte hade tid eller resurser för utförandet. Något mer deltagarna beskrev försvårade det preventiva arbetet var när patienten inte var motiverad till livsstilsförändringar eller att deltagarna blev begränsade i att de upplevde att ämnet var känsligt att ta upp. För att underlätta det preventiva arbetet önskade deltagarna i studien mer utbildning för att öka kompetensen och höll dem uppdaterade. En osäkerhet framkom gällande arbetsrutiner för preventivt arbete då deltagarna inte alltid visste vilka arbetsrutiner som gällde, vart de kunde hitta dessa samt att de inte följdes. Slutsatsen är att deltagarna i studien beskrev hur de arbetade preventivt i allt de gjorde men det hanns inte med p.g.a. tids- och resursbrist. Till följd av otydliga arbetsrutiner arbetade inte deltagarna på samma sätt

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  • 44.
    Andersson, Lisa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Hammarqvist, Johanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Caring science.
    Sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med psykiatrisk tvångsvård2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Health care in Sweden shall be conducted with the patients’ autonomy in center. However, in some cases in the psychiatric care, patients can be treated against their will. A nurse shall work towards increasing patient autonomy and participation. The use of involuntary treatment can due to this cause ethical dilemmas. To describe how nurses cope with using involuntary treatment is important since it can increase the understanding of a complicated situation, and in the long run increase the quality of the health care services.

    Aim: To describe the experiences of a nurse working with involuntary treatment and to describe how the chosen articles presents their selection groups.

    Method: The study was conducted as a descriptive literature review. Articles was searched in the databases Medline and Cinahl with a ten-year age limit. A total of fourteen articles was selected and processed into four subcategories and a methodological aspect to answer to the study’s aim.

    Results: The results show that nurses experience mostly negative feelings like anxiety, fear and vulnerability while working with involuntary treatment. The use of involuntary treatment was justified by the thought that the practice was a part of the nurses’ job and duty. The use of involuntary treatment was describes as damaging on the nurse-patient relationship and caused ethical conflicts. The result was described in four subcategories Feelings about the use of involuntary treatment, Justifying involuntary treatment, Involuntary treatment and the effects on the nurse-patient relationship and Ethical conflicts due to involuntary treatment. The articles varied in their descriptions of their selection groups. Most described the participants gender, age and work experience. Most of the articles had 11-50 participants.   

    Conclusions: This study has found that nurses experience involuntary treatment as having mostly negative effects. It has been shown that the nurses’ level of education has an effect on both the execution and the handling of involuntary treatment. The writers of this study have come to the conclusion that nurses wish to decrease the use of involuntary treatment, and that research should be focused on finding alternative methods of treatment.    

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  • 45.
    Andersson, Malin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser av psykiskt påfrestande situationer, hantering och stöd samt förslag på förbättring av stöd från arbetsplatsen: en intervjustudie2017Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Intensive care nurses are exposed daily to psychologically demanding situations that can be difficult to process without adequate support from the workplace. Previous research indicates that intensive care nurses lack support in these mentally challenging situations. However, there is also a lack in current research on how support can be improved.

    Purpose: The purposewas to describe the intensive care nurse's experiences of distressingsituations, how they handle these situations,how they experience the support and suggestions for improvements in the workplace.

    Method: This study has used a descriptive design along with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were held with 8 intensive care nurses and a content analysis was made.

    Result: The intensive care nurses experiences of mentally demanding situations were subjective. There could be difficult situations with patients, but also difficulties regarding personnel-related circumstances. The majority of intensive care nurses used problem-focused coping, were they actively sought out support from people they trusted. There were shared opinions regarding the support from colleagues, management and the workplace. Additionally, the intensive care nurses gave suggestions on how this support could be improved. The suggestions included that both the colleagues and the management could be more attentive and responsive to each others needs.

    Conclusion: Situations that are experienced as mentally demanding showed to vary from each individual. The support at the workplace and the support from management are experienced both as well and less well. The support can be improved by being responsive towards colleagues needs. The collegiate support was experienced as well. However, the support can be improved further by showing more compassion for one and another.

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  • 46.
    Andersson, Marcus
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Gulbrandsen, Cathrine
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Personer med endometrios erfarenheter i mötet med sjukvårdspersonal2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Endometrios är en östrogenberoende sjukdom som främst drabbar kvinnor i fertil ålder och tar ofta lång tid innan den diagnostiseras. Besvären från endometrios kan leda till ett långvarigt lidande med grav smärta, påverka den drabbades arbetsförmåga, sociala tillvaro och möjligheten att bli gravid. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva personer med endometrios erfarenheter i mötet med sjukvårdspersonal, samt att beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas datainsamlingsmetoder. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie. Resultat: Denna litteraturstudie visade att personer med endometrios erfarenheter av mötet med sjukvårdspersonal ofta präglas av att de endometriosdrabbade kände sig nonchalerade, inte blev tagna på allvar och att de, efter fastställd endometriosdiagnos, upplevde att sjukvårdspersonalen ställde orimliga krav på dem. Att mötas av empatisk och kunnig sjukvårdspersonal sågs som positivt. Slutsats: Kunskapen om sjukdomen endometrios behöver utökas både hos sjukvårdspersonalen och allmänheten för att garantera tidigare diagnos. Då sjuksköterskan är en av de professioner som de vårdsökande oftast kommer i kontakt med är god kunskap hos sjuksköterskan en förutsättning för god omvårdnad och ett led i att förbättra bemötandet gentemot de endometriosdrabbade.

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  • 47.
    Andersson, Nelly
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    From, Siri
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Tonåringars upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en autoimmun sjukdom som främst drabbar barn och ungdomar. Sjukdomen innebär total insulinbrist och behandling sker främst genom egenvård i form av blodsockerkontroller och administrering av insulin. Sjuksköterskan spelar en stor roll i diabetesvården och genom motivation, kost- och motionsrådgivning samt undervisning ges bättre förutsättningar för egenvården. 

    Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva tonåringars upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1 samt att beskriva hur vald litteratur presenterar undersökningsgrupperna i studierna.

    Metod:En deskriptiv litteraturstudie. Tolv artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats har analyserats och delats upp i teman och subteman.  

    Huvudresultat: Många tonåringar beskrev en svårighet i att acceptera sin diabetes. De upplevde en känsla av att vara annorlunda som innebar att de undvek att sköta sin diabetes offentligt. Känslan att vara annorlunda försvann när tonåringarna umgicks med personer som också hade diabetes. Många tonåringar upplevde även en känsla av oro, främst för hypoglykemi. Gällande egenvården upplevde många tonåringar en önskan om självständighet som togs över av osäkerhet och okunskap i egenvård. Tonåringarna hade också en önskan om en personlig kontakt med sitt diabetesteam inom vuxenvården. 

    Slutsats: Tonåringar uttrycker ett behov av en personlig relation i vården samt en förståelse för sjukdomen i vardagen. Genom en ökad förståelse kan sjuksköterskan möta tonåringarnas behov och genom detta få en bättre vårdrelation. En god vårdrelation kan innebära att tonåringar med trygghet kan uttrycka sina behov på ett bättre sätt. Tryggheten kan också innebära att tonåringen har en större acceptans för sjukdomen samt vågar vara mer öppen med sin sjukdom. 

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  • 48.
    Andersson, Sandra
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Rönnkvist, Linnea
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Kvinnors erfarenheter av att leva med endometrios: en litteraturstudie2016Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease which ten percent of all women suffer from. The symptoms are individual but the most common are pelvic pain, pain during menstruation and intercourse pain. Because of insufficient competence in health care system women are treated with disbelief and normalization of symptoms. The nurse attitude towards these patients ought to include sensitivity, sympathy and empathy and also have a good communication and be able to find meaning in each meeting with patients.

     

    Aim: The aim with this literature review was to describe womens experience in daily life of living with endometriosis. The aim was furthermore to describe the included articles data collections method.

     

    Method: A literature review with descriptive design. Data were collected through databases PubMed and CINAHL where ten articles with a qualitative approach was found which laies to basis for the result.

     

    Main results: The way to diagnosis was a long process that was related to disbelief and endometriosis diffuse symptoms. Endometriosis limited womens physical, psychological and social abilities that significantly reduced quality of life. Pain was the most substantial symptom and to be able to handle with the pain, they constantly search for strategies. The strategies varied slightly among the women but the most useful approach was a major dietary change. The ten articles that was included in this literature review  used interviews to collect data and supplemented with diarys and journal entries to describe womens experiences of living with endometriosis.

     

    Conclusion: Endometriosis affects a womans daily life adversely and also her relationships with other people. Deficiencies in health care was significantly when non adequate information was given and a marked disbelief related to the womens symptom that can be one reason for a delayed diagnosis. To be able to handle everyday life women had found different strategies to reduce pain. 

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  • 49.
    Andersson, Therese
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Linder, Isabelle
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Sjuksköterskans attityder och betydelsefulla faktorer i mötet med patineter med självskadebeteende: En litteraturstudie2015Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: People who self-harm is nothing new, this behavior has a lot of different terms and definitions. Self-destructive feelings can be rooted in assaults and violations. A self-harming behavior is sometimes used to regain control or to be used as self-punishment. Today there is a greater attention towards research in the subject of self-harm which brings new knowledge. Aim: The aim is to illuminate nurses’ attitudes an factors that is important in the encounter of patients who suffers from self-injurious behavior and to exanimate the samples selection in the articles of this study. Method: A descriptive literature study was conducted and fifteen articles from PsycINFO and PubMed between years 2005-2015. The chosen articles have qualitative and/or quantitative approach. Results: Nurses attitudes towards people who self-harm are predominantly positive. Negative attitudes are also presented in the encounter in form of antipathy, frustration, powerlessness and anxiety. Nurses are experiencing a lack of knowledge and resources. Conclusion: For nurses to feel confident in their work and give the best possible care to people who self-harm there is a need of education and organizational improvements such as more time and support from colleagues. Clinical significance: Our expectation with this study is to bring attention and understanding in the subject of self-harm.

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  • 50.
    Andersson, Therese
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    Törnhult, Jennifer
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences.
    På blodigt allvar: En intervjustudie om amenorré bland lagidrottande kvinnor på elitnivå.2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Amenorré (menstruationsrubbningar och menstruationsbortfall) är ett allvarligt tillstånd som kan drabba kvinnor i fertil ålder. Amenorré är en av tre komponenter i den kvinnliga idrottstriaden, som länge ansågs som den största medicinska problematiken inom kvinnlig idrott. Konsekvenserna av amenorré kan vara infertilitet, benskörhet, fysisk- och psykisk ohälsa. Inom idrotten har namnet idrottsamenorré uppkommit. Detta på grund av ökad rapportering om amenorré drabbade kvinnor inom idrotten. Syftet med studien var att belysa kvinnliga elitidrottares tankar om amenorré. Studien baseras på sju kvalitativa intervjuer med elitidrottande kvinnor som är aktiva inom lagidrott. Intervjuerna grundades på en intervjuguide och inför intervjuerna genomfördes två pilotintervjuer. Studien visar att av de sju elitidrottande kvinnorna som deltog så har tre kvinnor personliga upplevelser av amenorré. Många av de resterande respondenterna hade upplevt amenorré hos någon närstående. De respondenter som själva varit drabbade hade under den aktuella sjukdomsperioden inte sökt hjälp. Vidare visar resultatet att informationen som kvinnliga elitidrottare får idag är otillräcklig eller i många fall obefintlig. Detta gäller som idrottskvinna men även som kvinna i samhället. Få respondenter upplevde att de fått information om amenorré utanför idrotten. Även informationen kring menstruation saknades inom idrotten och kunde också beskrivas som bristfällig i samhället. Respondenterna som deltog i studien hade många bra idéer och tankar om hur utveckling av informationsarbetet kunde se ut, både inom elitidrotten, ungdomsidrotten och i skolan.  Slutsatser som kan dras av studien är att relativt få av kvinnorna hade upplevelser av amenorré. Kvinnorna upplevde ett positivt samtalsklimat kring menstruation inom sina lag, vilket kan vara av stor vikt om man själv blir drabbad av amenorré. Informationen om amenorré inom elitidrotten ansågs bristfällig, vilket tidigare forskning bekräftar. Vidare belyser resultatet i studien hur arbetet kring informationsspridning skulle kunna se ut och hur respondenterna helst skulle motta informationen.

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