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  • 1.
    Af Trolle, Kristina
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    SKULD: En religionspsykologisk jämförande studie, utifrån ett teologiskt, psykologiskt och ontologiskt perspektiv2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Skuldbegreppet används inom olika områden. I Bibeln och andra mytologiska berättelser finns temat skuld beskrivet. Inom psykologin vrider och vänder man på skam- och skuldbegreppet inom flera olika inriktningar som psykoanalysen och existenspsykologin. 

    Syftet med denna uppsats i en komparativ litteraturstudie är att undersöka och belysa emotionen skuld ur olika perspektiv, och söka förståelse kring hur bearbetning av skuld påverkas av respektive perspektiv.

    Genom att jämföra tre samtida författare, Marianne Lerner, psykoterapeut som får representera psykologin. Harlan J. Wechsler, representerar judisk teologiskt perspektiv, och Rollo May, psykolog, som får stå för den existentiella inriktningen. Emotionen skuld är en komponent i varje enskild människans liv, som var och en hanterar både på ett medvetet och ett omedvetet plan. Skulden samverkar med andra emotioner och har en positiv och en negativ sida. Alla tre inriktningar har ett spänningsfält mellan temat god-ond som behöver internaliseras och samverka inom psyket i varje enskild människas liv. Förmågan att ta ansvar sker genom acceptans (existentialismen/May) integration av skuld (psykologin/Lerner) och att göra bättring (judisk teologi/Wechsler). 

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  • 2.
    Ahmadi, Fereshteh
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Ristiniemi, Jari
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Linblad, Inger
    Södertörns högskola.
    Schiller, Lina
    Perceptions of death among children in Sweden2019In: International Journal of Children's Spirituality, ISSN 1364-436X, E-ISSN 1469-8455, Vol. 24, no 4, p. 415-433Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article discusses children’s thoughts about death. Research was carried out in two elementary schools in Sweden among 40 children between 6 and 9 years of age, data were collected through text reading, movie viewing and dialogues with children. The main results reveal child-specific thoughts about the end of life, i.e., ideas children construe on their own. The findings also show society- and time-specific thoughts that children take from their societal and cultural context. The article proposes an integrative approach between these two: it is only when the categories of child-specific and society- and time-specific thoughts are combined that we get a fair picture of children’s perceptions of death. The main finding is that children form ideas of their own; they are not completely under the influence of their societal and cultural context. Children take over ideas from their surrounding society but they also express ideas produced by themselves.

  • 3.
    Allard, Caroline
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Från djävulsdyrkan och kyrkobränder till idoldyrkan och ut ur kyrkan: black metal som väg till religiös livsåskådning2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det här är en kvalitativ undersökning på hur en del använder black metal som en väg till religiös livsåskådning. Den är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem män som är fans eller musiker inom black metal. Syftet är att studera hur dessa människor använder black metal och dess uttryck som en arena för religiös praktik. Dessa intervjuer är sedan analyserade med hjälp av teorierna re-enchantment och occulture. Studien visar på att black metal är en individuationsprocess där unga fans börjar att bygga upp sin personlighet och lär sig att både bearbeta och hantera känslor. Studien visar även på de negativa aspekterna av subgenren, så som kyrkobränder och mord, som uppkommit inom kultiska miljöer. Med dess resultat visar det att deltagarnas sökande efter en religiös livsåskådning som mötte upp med deras känslor och behov, var influerat av black metal. 

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  • 4.
    Arabi, Umran
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Varför ansluter sig människor till sekter?: En jämförande studie av aktuell forskning kring sektbeteende.2016Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka varför människor ansluter sig till sekter genom att studera vad aktuellforskning säger om ämnet. Detta har gjorts främst ur en psykologisk och sociologisk synvinkel. De vetenskapligaverk som har studerats är skrivna avforskarna Peter Åkerbäck, Håkan Järvå och Anton Geels. Dessaverkhar jämförts med teorier av Anthony Giddens, Zygmunt Bauman och Abraham Maslow. Resultatet blev att frågeställningarnainte går att besvara på ett simplifierat sätt, utan anledningen till att människor ansluter sig till sekter ligger på ett djupt sociologiskt och psykologiskt plan, som bottnar ien konsekvens av samhällets fragmentisering och individualisering. Studien efterlyser en kombination av olika perspektiv.

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  • 5.
    Barbu, Robert-Cătălin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    In search of History and Tradition: A study on the historical potential and passage of tradition in the Romanian colind and descântec with comparisons to Eddic Poems case studies2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The present thesis aims at identifying the historical and traditional potential within two elements of Romanian folklore, namely colind and descântec. Analysis of the text and narrative of these phenomena shows their high potential in preserving cults, celebrations, myths and practices that pre-date the arrival of Christianity within Romanian lands. This analysis in turn relies extensively on parallels with three Eddic Poems: Völuspá, Hávamál and Skírnismál.By exploring notions of performance and orality the paper displays the unaltered character of the Romanian materials in question in contrast to Old Norse material. This in turn reinforces the analysis of cults, mythology and practices identified in colinde and descântece, contributing to the viability of the epistemological inquiries undertaken.Influences are explored-with preponderance Christian influence-in order to strengthen the analysis of their history and tradition. By exploring the ways in which Christianity could exert its influence on the Romanian material, the number of possible objections towards the authenticity of the history and tradition are reduced to a minimum. Comparisons with Eddic Poems will confirm the analysis of Christian influence in colind and descântec.

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  • 6.
    Barthel, Stephan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Colding, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, Environmental Science.
    Hiswåls, Anne-Sofie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science.
    Thalén, Peder
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Turunen, Päivi
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Urban green commons for socially sustainable cities and communities2022In: Nordic Social Work Research, ISSN 2156-857X, E-ISSN 2156-8588, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 310-322Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In these times of global pandemics and climate crisis, social sustainability has become a crucial issue within diverse sectors and disciplines. This article aims to broaden the discussions on social sustainability in general, and in relation to community work within professional social work in particular.

    By means of a cross-disciplinary bricolage approach – with a focus on the commons – we aim to construct a holistic view of urban social sustainability. Beginning with the Anthropocene concept, which recognizes the human impact on the Earth’s natural systems and hence highlights the need to include the natural environment as a determinant of good and fair living conditions for all, we remix arguments and examples relating to social sustainability with environmental and spatial dimensions to develop an urban green commons. Our cross-disciplinary perspective extends beyond contemporary social policy by bringing together natural resource management, public health, and spiritual aspects of the commons. In order to fit the plurality of urban contexts across the planet, further critical deliberations are needed, focusing on social sustainability and collective action for sustainable change in each context. 

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  • 7.
    Bhat, Karin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Radikalisering av unga muslimer i indienstyrda Kashmir: En jämförande litteraturstudie av radikaliseringsteorier med situationen i indienstyrda Kashmir som exempel2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this comparative literature study has been to compare theories about the social and psychological processes that may contribute to young Muslims in Indian-led Kashmir being drawn to radical groups and to examine what impact the Hindu nationalist movement, which have grown strong in India in recent years, have had on the radicalization of this group. The intention has been to contribute with an in-depth insight into the processes that contribute to a polarization between an out-group group (the Hindu nationalist government) and an in-group (the young Muslim activists) and by comparing different radicalization theories to find out what differences and weaknesses these theories have. Using a deductive method and a hermeneutic approach, three explanatory models have been compared and analyzed. The results show that radicalization is a complex process in which both internal psychological and external social factors interact. The Hindu nationalist discourse, which has grown stronger in India in recent years, has contributed to ethnicity and religion being heard to an increasing extent in a debate that in the past was mostly about the right to self-determination. The three explanatory models analyzed here show that the state has a crucial role to play in the radicalization process. The conclusion is that there is a strong connection between the out-group's use of state-sanctioned violence and the in-group’s level of radicalization. In the fight against terrorism, the state is contributing to the polarized climate and the emergence of violence-accepting radical groups, which it then invests a lot of time and resources in combating. I show below how the Indian state for decades has responded to the Kashmiris' demands for the right to self-determination with increased military presence, reduced autonomy and increased military violence. The intense militarization of the area and the denial of the population's right to self-determination have had a major impact on how young Muslims in Kashmir organize resistance and a reason why they have come to see violence as a necessary part of this resistance. However, none of the three chosen theories explains why only a small minority of the population in the area participates in violent resistance against the oppressors.

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  • 8.
    Bjellman, Kristin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Uygur, Malin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    ”Allt annat är för att förstå SO-ämnet”: En kvalitativ studie av religionslärares ämnesförståelse, faktorer som styr urval, genomförande och kunskaper som bedöms2023Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    For this study, five semi-structured interviews were conducted with five teachers of religious studies at the secondary level to elucidate their understanding of the subject and its purpose. Two understandings of the subject were identified: identity-oriented subject understanding and critically oriented subject understanding. In a subsequent step, a selection of the teachers' examination tasks was analysed to see which understanding of the subjectwas revealed in them. Identity-oriented, critically oriented, and also an educational-oriented subject understanding were discovered in them. The study also examined factors that, in addition to the teachers' views on the subject, influence the selection and method chosen by the teachers. Three main factors were discerned: student prerequisites, organizational prerequisites, and individual prerequisites. The investigation also concludes that teachers with high subject competence are more inclined towards teaching that is relevant to contemporary issues compared to teachers with lower subject competence.

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    Allt annat är för att förstå SO-ämmet
  • 9.
    Bjerking, Mandella
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    I fotbollen får mannen slå tillbaka: En historisk studie av den sociala kulturens förändring inom fotbollen2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta är en historisk litteraturstudie av en förändring i Sveriges mansideal under sekelskiftet. Författaren har uppmärksammat en destruktivitet i dagens sociala manskultur inom fotboll och annan lagsport, där en exkluderande och våldsfrämjande mansnorm råder. Hon söker svar på hur det gick till när kyrkans inflytande på manlig fostran minskade och hur detta har samband med att fotbollen etablerades i Sverige. 

     

    I arbetet studeras vad som hände med det kristna mansidealet när män på grund av den industriella och vetenskapliga revolutionen flyttades från kyrka och hushåll till fabriker, byggarbeten och akademier. Studien omfattar även hur fotbollen gjorde entré bland de unga männen när fäderna inte längre fanns närvarande i landets hushåll. Arbetet ger en grundläggande inblick i det socioekonomiska samhällets uppkomst och konsekvenser, en ny uppdelning mellan de binära könen samt vad som gick män förlorat när samhällsstrukturen förändrades under den industriella och vetenskapliga revolutionen. 

     

    Studien lutar sig mot begreppen sekularisering och hegemonisk maskulinitet. I arbetet framgår att män hamnade i utanförskap och minskat maktinflytande då de separerades från kyrka och hushåll. Framför allt män i arbetarklassen fick utstå ett förtryck där de dagligen förnedrades i sin samhällsposition. Fotbollen introducerades av medelklassen som ett sätt att fostra arbetarklassens unga män då dessa uppfattades som lösaktiga och ovårdade. Snart blev fotbollen en plats som ersatte utanförskapet och förtrycket med klassöverskridande manlig gemenskap och som stärkte mäns självförtroende genom att bekräfta en fysisk överlägsenhet.

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    Mandella Bjerking
  • 10.
    Bohman, Eleonora
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Folkbildning: "en försmak av demokratins sötma": En intervjustudie om utmaningar i skärningspunkten där det sekulära och konfessionella möts2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor of Fine Arts), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Studieförbundet Bilda är en organisation med olika kristna samfund som huvudmän och medlemsorganisationer. Det finns en tydlig skärningspunkt mellan den konfessionella ledningen och i att bedriva folkbildande verksamhet som finansieras med statliga medel, vars krav är att hålla dessa samtidsenligt. Det vill säga att de ska vara religiöst och politiskt obundna. Denna skärningspunkt utgör syftet för denna studie och för att undersöka hur denna skärningspunkt tar sig i uttryck i form av utmaningar inom organisationen, har en intervjustudie gjorts med personer som är verksamma inom Studieförbundet Bilda. Studien har även som syfte att ta reda på hur Studieförbundet Bildas roll och sociala funktion i det svenska postsekulära samhället ser ut. Resultatet visar att det finns en mångkulturalism inom organisationen som både är en utmaning och en möjliggörande resurs och styrka. Studien visar även att det finns olika incitament inom organisationens olika delar, medlemsorganisationerna kontra dess centrala organ. Detta är en utmaning till följd av ett slags bidragsberoende som de statliga bidragen resulterar i. Organisationens roll och sociala funktion i samhället visar studien har en viktig och för många avgörande funktion. Studieförbunden når många gånger ut till de människor som hamnar i ett offentligt mellanrum, som varken offentlig- eller privat sektor når ut till.

  • 11.
    Busk, Moa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Gud som haver staten kär: En analys av separationen mellan den svenska staten och Svenska kyrkan2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur befintlig litteratur skildrar separationen mellan Svenska kyrkan och staten samt undersöka vilka förpliktelser som kvarstår. Frågeställningarna är: ”Hur skildras separationen mellan Svenska kyrkan och svenska staten?”, ”Kvarstår det förpliktelser mellan Svenska kyrkan och staten, och iså fall, hur beskriver den befintliga forskningen dessa?” samt ”Hur skiljer sig riksdagspartiernas beskrivning av Svenska kyrkans roll i samhället?”För att svara på frågorna används en diskursanalys. Uppsatsen fokuserar på Svenska kyrkans roll inom samhället, politiken, skolan, samt kristendomens påverkan. Resultatet tyder på att trots en separation har staten och Svenska kyrkan förpliktelser mellan dem och därmed är separationen inte fullbordad.

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  • 12.
    Cananau, Iulian
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, English.
    Thalén, PederUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Populism, Democracy, and the Humanities: Interdisciplinary Explorations and Critical Enquiries2022Collection (editor) (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this volume, twelve Sweden-based researchers reflect on the phenomenon and concept of populism in relation to democracy and the humanities from the multiple vantage points of various disciplinary backgrounds: philosophy, history of ideas, media and communication, journalism, political science, gender studies, organization science, education theory, popular culture, and literary studies. While the study of populism has attracted a lot of attention in political science, this topic has been rarely explored by scholars in the humanities. Rather than contribute to the already established area of populism studies in social and political sciences, our authors take a more open and exploratory stance through which they attempt to open up new fields and directions for inquiry from an interdisciplinary humanistic perspective.

  • 13.
    Carlberg, Kevin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    The importance of teacher leadership in religious studies: A qualitative study with focus on teacher leadership at upper secondary school in Sweden2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The study has investigated teacher leadership and its importance in the subject of religious studies at upper secondary school in Sweden. The study investigates how teachers handle and counteract conflicts and prejudices within the subject of religion and what challenges exist. A qualitative method has been applied in the thesis, this to interpret and analyze the results of the survey study. A social constructivist theory has been used as a theoretical framework. The study shows that teacher leadership is of great importance for the profession as well as the subject of religious studies. Leadership is adapted in relation to, among other things, student groups and teaching subjects. The teachers involved in the study believe that they have good leadership, despite the lack of leadership training within the framework of their teacher education. The results show that unmotivated pupils, prejudices and ignorance are key challenges in the subject of religious studies at upper secondary level in Sweden. According to the teachers, the challenges are met with an open approach as well as fact-based discussions to counter prejudice and oppression.

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    The importance of teacher leadership in religious studies: A qualitative study with focus on teacher leadership at upper secondary school in Sweden
  • 14.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Constructions of RE teacher knowledge in supervision conferences2015In: Shifting borders in Religious Education: XIII Nordic Conference on Religious Education Ed: Olga Schihalejev 15 - 18 June 2015, University of Tartu, Estonia (Abstract Book), 2015, p. 40-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper presentation is to present a tentative analysis of what is constructed as “teacher knowledge” of a RE teacher through supervision conferences in Swedish teacher education. The analysis will discuss different categories related to knowledge, skills and dispositions, needed for a RE teacher to teach in upper secondary school. A theoretical assumption is made that joint talk will construct meaning and, in the present case of studying a teacher education practice, that joint talk (and the analysis of joint talk) will construct scientific knowledge about “RE teacher knowledge”. The analysis is based upon an empirical material generated from observations and transcriptions of six supervisory conferences in Swedish RE teacher education held atsix different schools in five different cities, organized by three different universities in Sweden. Each supervisory conference is a tripartite dialogue, involving a RE student teacher, a RE teacher educator from university and a RE teacher from school. In the methodological design of the study, interviews with all three participants are included, both before and after the supervision conference. An observation of a RE lesson held by the student teacher before all supervision conferences respectively, arealso included. In the presentation a comparison will be included between RE teacher knowledge which is constructed by the triad in the conference talk and knowledge categories in focus when the participants are interviewed individually. To sum up, the presentation will concern a tentative analysis of RE teacher knowledge through the construction of categories based upon observations of a teacher education supervision practice and interviews with the participants.

  • 15.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Den frånvarande etiken: Några reflektioner över etikens position i skola och lärarutbildning2019In: Religionskunskapsämnet i fokus: Utmaningar och möjligheter / [ed] Olof Franck; Emma Hall; Bodil Liljefors Persson, Föreningen lärare i religionskunskap, FLR , 2019Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Ethics – a missing theme (?) when student teachers and teacher educators construct the competent RE teacher2017In: What may be learnt in ethics? Conference 11-13 December 2017: Abstracts, 2017, p. 6-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In my PhD-thesis, constructions of RE teacher knowledge are investigated based on observations of six RE supervision trialogues in teacher education (Carlsson, 2016). In this paper I am returning to the empirical material from the thesis, investigating it from an ethics perspective: What discourses about ethics are articulated in RE teacher education supervision trialogues? Preliminary findings show that few articulations can be identified when searching for the terms ethics, moral and values. The next step in the research process includes the main research question - an attempt to investigate the non-articulated: Is ethics a present theme when exploring other statements that can be understood as different conceptions of ethics in light of ethical theories? To be able to answer this research question, an expanded understanding of the content of ethics/ethical competence must be at hand. My inspiration comes from a few different, but from this perspective related, views on ethics. In the Swedish school system, ethics is a part of the RE subject were a “multicultural ethical competence” must be developed (Franck, 2014, p. 198). In relation to Franck, the conception of understanding different others might also be considered the affinity of (aspects of) the ethical theories of Nussbaum (1995), Bauman (1996) and Benhabib (1994). I will use this conceptualization when exploring the empirical material and in that way be able to analyze the construction of the competent RE teacher in terms of ethics and/or ethical competence as a possible present, or missing, theme in RE teacher education supervision trialogues.

  • 17.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Förändring i samtiden?: Elevers livsåskådningsbeskrivningar och religionskunskap2015In: Det postsekulära klassrummet: Mot ett vidgat religionskunskapsbegrepp / [ed] David Carlsson & Peder Thalén, Gävle: Högskolan i Gävle , 2015, p. 55-70Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Kritiska uppmaningar från skolinspektionen till religionskunskapsämnet på gymnasiet: några svar och fortsatta frågetecken från religionsdidaktiska trepartssamtal2018In: Religion & livsfrågor, ISSN 0348-8918, Vol. 2Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 19.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Representation and safe space: conflicting discourses in RE teacher education supervision2020In: British Journal of Religious Education, ISSN 0141-6200, E-ISSN 1740-7931, Vol. 42, no 1, p. 36-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores supervision conferences in RE teacher education in Sweden. Two discourses that are often articulated in supervision conferences are ‘representation’ and ‘safe space’. These are investigated and presented as necessary components for becoming a competent teacher of upper secondary school RE in Sweden. The empirical material consists of observations of six RE supervision trialogues and interviews with the participants–student teachers, upper secondary school supervisors and university-based teacher educators. Based on the analysis of the empirical material, representation and safe space emerge as essential ‘RE teacher knowledge’. Furthermore, the antagonism between representation and safe space that emerges in the supervision trialogues is explored and highlighted. By way of conclusion, the presented discursive struggle is reflected on as a battle over power within the supervision triad.

  • 20.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    "Skills" as RE teacher knowledge in supervision conferences2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Carlsson, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Vad är religionslärarkunskap?: En diskursanalys av trepartssamtal i lärarutbildningen2016Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    From an overall perspective, the aim of this thesis is to investigate teachers’ knowledge in relation to Swedish teacher education and to the school subject religious education (RE), by exploring constructions of essential knowledge for an RE teacher. Two research questions are in focus: What RE teacher knowledge is discursively constructed in teacher education supervision trialogue and in interviews with student teachers, teacher educators from school and teacher educators from university? How are those discourses constructed in supervision trialogue between student teachers, teacher educators from school and teacher educators from university? The results are based on empirical material consisting of six observations of teacher education supervision trialogues (three-way conferences) in RE and interviews with RE student teachers, RE teacher educators from upper secondary school and RE teacher educators from university, both before and after each trialogue. This empirical material is worked through and analysed using discourse analysis that mainly draws on the perspectives of Norman Fairclough. The findings give rise to an order of discourse regarding essential RE teacher knowledge. Three discourses are constructed. The dominant discourse is called “Knowing one’s subject” and refers to an RE teacher’s capacity to master the content, problematise it and both know and teach the content in an up-to-date manner. The second discourse is entitled “Knowing and meeting the pupils”. Within this discourse, it is important for a teacher in RE to be familiar with, and use, the pupils’ different pre-understandings and to communicate with the pupils in the RE classroom. The third discourse is called “Knowing oneself”. This discourse highlights the importance of being objective, reflective and being a leader. Moreover, the analysis shows that the discourses are primarily constructed as complementary in relation to one another. There seems to be a common agreement among students and teacher educators about the fact that RE teachers need to know the subject, know the pupils and know themselves. However, discursive conflicts can arise when discourses are initiated in an antagonistic manner. These RE conflicts imply neither consensus nor hegemony. Antagonistic discourses reflect aspects of dominance mainly in relation to discourses, i.e. RE teacher knowledge, but also in relation to positions.

  • 22.
    Carlsson, David
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Lantz, Sandra
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Att undervisa i religionskunskap i en postsekulär samtid: en avslutande reflektion2015In: Det postsekulära klassrummet: mot ett vidgat religionskunskapsbegrepp / [ed] David Carlsson & Peder Thalén, Gävle: Högskolan i Gävle , 2015, p. 193-196Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Carlsson, David
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Liljestrand, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Educational sciences, Educational science, Education.
    Thalén, Peder
    Images of Christianity in textbooks for the Swedish compulsory school and the mission to conduct a cultural legacy2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective to teach Christianity is stated in the Swedish national syllabus since the very beginning of compulsory school. Initially, teaching proceeded from the Lutheran catechesis; a mission successively replaced by biblical studies and later developed into (Lutheran) Christianity as being part of non-confessional “Religious Studies” (Religionskunskap). However, the mission to pay certain weight to Christianity has survived, although in a new and secularized Swedish context. The privilege of Christianity is today instead motivated by its cultural position rather than from a religious rationale, and the ambition to conduct a cultural legacy. We will approach how Christianity is depicted in compulsory school by analysing currently used teaching books. This will be done within the frame of educational research, more specifically subject didactics. The purpose of our paper is to describe and problematize the depiction of Christianity in Swedish textbooks for Swedish compulsory Religious Studies.

    Nine national and prominent textbooks for the lower secondary school has been selected. Using discourse analysis (Fairclough 2003; von der Lippe 2011), dominating patterns will be revealed and related to broader discourses in society, within and outside Sweden. Our preliminary analysis shows that Christian doctrines are highlighted without relating them to religious practice, resembling a teaching tradition of presenting doctrines as demarcated facts; Christianity is further presented foremost in terms of church history which relate to an idea of religions as old entities carried by traditions from the past; the teaching books also tends to connect the teaching of Jesus with modern, protestant liberal theology.

  • 24. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Carlsson, David
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Thalén, PederUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Det postsekulära klassrummet: mot ett vidgat religionskunskapsbegrepp2015Collection (editor) (Other academic)
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  • 25.
    Carlsson, David
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Thalén, Peder
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Teaching secular worldviews in a post-secular age2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The paper discusses how secular world views should be included in RE. Knowledge of secular world views can be understood in different ways. The paper distinguishes between two types of knowledge of secular world-views. The first type reflects the self-understanding of modernity while the second one represents a more critical stance influenced by post-modern thinking. It is argued that only the latter type is suitable for RE in public schools if the aim is to conduct an inclusive, non-confessional education.

  • 26.
    Castelli, Máximo
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Nietzsche, On God and Other Human Crafts.: Considerations of his Positive Philosophy.2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Nietzsche’s philosophy is often attacked as ultimately pessimistic, relativistic, or destructive. Little or non-attention has been paid to his positive philosophy as such. This research intends to elucidate Nietzsche’s positive philosophy in light of his critical philosophy. This is done by showing the artificial character of the dogmatic conceptions that underlie traditional philosophy, metaphysics, religions, and humankind’s perception of reality in general. Here, the death of god is read as Nietzsche intended: as a diagnostic of his time. This is done accompanied by a fine and detailed analysis of the main points of his critique: the idea of thing-in-itself, absolute truth, substance, cause and effect, logic, etc. and the main points of his proposal: the overman, the eternal recurrence, will to power, transvaluation of values, etc. Ultimately, Nietzsche’s constructive philosophy depends on recognizing the artificial character of human crafts in an accentuation of life.

  • 27.
    Dahlin, Olov
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Andar, Karma och Nangijala: tro och föreställningar bland ett urval gymnasieelever i Gävle2015In: Det postsekulära klassrummet: mot ett vidgat religionskunskapsbegrepp / [ed] David Carlsson & Peder Thalén, Gävle: Högskolan i Gävle , 2015, p. 71-85Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Vad tror egentligen ungdomar i Sverige på idag? I vilken utsträckning lever det kristna arvet kvar hos dem och vilka andra influenser har de gjort till sina? Syftet med min undersökning var att få en förståelse för just detta med utgångspunkt från intervjuer med ett antal ungdomar i Gävle.

  • 28.
    Dahlin, Olov
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Pokémon Go och den mer-än-mänskliga världens betydelse i det senmoderna Sverige2017In: Kunskap, motstånd, möjlighet: Humanistisk forskning i dag / [ed] Ulrika Serrander & Peder Thalén, Halmstad: Molin & Sorgenfrei, 2017, 1, p. 193-216Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Dahlin, Olov
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Duppils, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Ristiniemi, Jari
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Introduktion: Människan i en existentiell kultur2021In: Människan i en existentiell kultur: En antologi om Människa-Kultur-Religionsprogrammet vid Högskolan i Gävle / [ed] Olov Dahlin, Sara Duppils, Jari Ristiniemi, Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2021, p. 9-26Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 30. Order onlineBuy this publication >>
    Dahlin, Olov
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Duppils, SaraUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.Ristiniemi, JariUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Människan i en existentiell kultur: en antologi om Människa-Kultur-Religionsprogrammet vid Högskolan i Gävle2021Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna antologi har kandidatprogrammet Människa-kultur-religionsprogrammet (MKR) vid den religionsvetenskapliga ämnesavdelningen vid Högskolan i Gävle som gemensam nämnare och övergripande tema. Programmet har en unik sammansättning kurser som bara finns i Gävle och har i en undersökning pekats ut som det mest populära kandidatprogrammet i religionsvetenskap i landet. Programmet ger en förståelse för olika religioner, livssyner och kulturella bakgrunder, och ger därmed studenten en särskild kompetens att arbeta med komplexa kulturmötesfrågor. Det ger därutöver studenten en speciell förståelse för de existentiella frågor som individen ställs inför i livets olika skeden.

    Programmet svarar mot regionala såväl som nationella utbildningsbehov och tar sig an många och viktiga samtida och framtida samhällsutmaningar. Social, kulturell och existentiell hållbarhet är fenomen som kommer att framstå som allt viktigare ju mer mångfaldigt och komplext samhället blir och utgör centrala teman inom MKR-programmet.

    Antologin är tänkt att användas som undervisningsmaterial för studenter som går programmet. Förhoppningen är emellertid att boken även ska intressera en större läsekrets, däribland representanter för möjliga framtida arbetsplatser för våra studenter, men även andra.

    Bokens kapitel är skrivna av lärare och tidigare studenter knutna till Ämnesavdelningen för religionsvetenskap.

    Templet på bokens omslag ligger i anslutning till Frasassigrottorna nära staden Genga i regionen Marche i östra Italien. Det uppfördes 1828 på initiativ av påve Leo XII och kallas Valadiertemplet efter arkitekten Giuseppe Valadier, känd för sina byggnader i neoklassisk stil. Templet rymmer en staty av madonnan och barnet. En av benämningarna för Jungfru Maria är refugium peccatorum och därför är templet även känt som ”syndarnas tillflykt” och har varit en plats dit pilgrimer sökt sig för förlåtelse.

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  • 31.
    Dahlin, Olov
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Thalén, Peder
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Du sköna nya digitala värld: Analoga möten och digitaliserad undervisning2021In: Människan i en existentiell kultur: En antologi om Människa-Kultur-Religionsprogrammet vid Högskolan i Gävle / [ed] Olov Dahlin, Sara Duppils, Jari Ristiniemi, Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2021, p. 93-112Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Så länge det funnits har Människa-kultur-religionsprogrammet (MKR) erbjudits på distans, länge via videokonferenser och under senare år via webbkonferenser. Användandet av en lärplattform och inspelningar av undervisningen har gjort utbildningen ännu mer flexibel. Men även om digitaliseringen möjliggjort kommunikation, informationsutbyten och olika former av deltagande, har den generella känslan hos oss lärare blivit att studenterna alltmer alienerats från oss – att vi i stigande grad sysselsätter oss med apparater istället för att interagera med människor. Detta förstärks genom kravet att hantera studenterna i det ökande antalet digitala system där studenterna representeras av sitt personnummer – det finns en uppenbar risk att de förvandlas från subjekt till föremål, HST/HPR, siffror i statistiken. Hos oss lärare har det som en följd av denna utveckling vuxit fram en önskan om att få möta studenterna på riktigt, inte enbart via skärmar. Sedan hösten 2018 har vi därför valt att införa så kallade innedagar med religions­didaktiskt och dramapedagogiskt innehåll som studenterna måste närvara på för att bli godkända på utbildningen. Vi var intresserade av att få veta hur studenterna upplever skillnaderna mellan digitaliserad undervisning och analoga möten och bjöd därför in några av MKR-studenterna till ett samtal där vi kontrasterade de två undervisningssätten genom att ställa frågor som: Vilka kvaliteter utmärker analoga möten/gemenskaper? Vad kan den digitala tekniken tillföra och vad riskerar att försvinna i den ’digitala logiken’? Vilken roll kan och bör den digitaliserade undervisningen ha i förhållande till analoga möten? Vilka blir de pedagogiska konsekvenserna?

  • 32.
    Djupfeldt, Emma
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Relationen mellan religionsfrihet och integration: En diskursanalys av politiska motioner2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Integration is a hot topic in our society today and we have a greater influence of other religious beliefs than ever before. As Swedish society grows with influences from other cultures to a greater extent, the Swedish political agenda focuses more and more on integration. I perceive working for integration in a multicultural society as something of a balancing act on the framework of laws and regulations that we must comply to with in Sweden. For example, according to the Freedom of Religion Act, we all have the right to practice religion and believe what we want, while the law also gives us the right to refrain from having a religious belief. Following, interpreting, and considering the Freedom of Religion Act can sometimes be complex, as religion has many definitions and in many cases is so much more than just a belief. In many cases, a person's identity and cultural background are strongly influenced by religious traditions and moral positions.

    The purpose of my study is to widen the knowledge about the relation between integration and freedom of religion by investigating how the political integration agenda works together with the Freedom of Religion Act. This have I tried to achieve through a discursive analysis of motions of the Swedish Riksdag. 

    Three questions are posed to guide the study: Do the motions highlight religion as a factor to be considered in connection with the political integration work? Do the motions present religion as inner faith or something more cultural and/or identity-based? Are the proposed integration policy measures compatible with the Freedom of Religion Act?

    I have found in my study that the integration policy is compatible with religious freedom on certain levels. On which levels and to what extent it differs between the various parties, as well as on how to define religion and religious freedom.

     

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  • 33.
    Duppils, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Gastkramad2015In: Spirit Possession around the World: Possession, Communion, and Demon Expulsion across Cultures / [ed] Joseph Laycock, Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2015, p. 129-Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Duppils, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies. 202100-2890.
    ”Mårran kommer!”: Barns upplevelser av det andras närhet2021In: Människan i en existentiell kultur: En antologi om Människa-kultur-religionsprogrammet vid Högskolan i Gävle / [ed] Olov Dahlin, Sara Duppils och Jari Ristiniemi, Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2021, p. 165-180Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Religionspsykologen William James (1842–1910) skrev i sin berömda bok Den religiösa erfarenheten i dess skilda former:

    "Det är, som om det i människans medvetande funnes ett sinne för realitet, en känsla av objektiv närvaro, en förnimmelse av att det ’är någonting där’, djupare och allmännare än något av de särskilda ’sinnen’ genom vilka, enligt den vanliga psykologins antagande, existerande verkligheter ursprungligen uppenbaras (1956, ss. 49-50)."

    Den upplevelse av närvaro som James beskriver är allmänmänsklig och ofta djupt meningsfull. I den här studien vänder jag blicken mot barns upplevelser av att något är nära. För barn, men även för vuxna, kan känslan av närvaro vara skrämmande. De flesta kan nog känna igen sig i detta. Antingen i sin föräldraroll där man kan ha försökt förklara för sitt barn när de ska sova att det inte finns ”något” otäckt under sängen eller i det mörka hörnet, eller genom minnen från sin egen barndom och hur påtaglig känslan var att det fanns ”något” i mörkret. Jag kommer att behandla hur barn kan relatera känslan av att det är något där, eller känslan av det andras närvaro, till andar och väsen från berättelser i böcker, tv-program och filmer, och hur det påverkar deras verklighetsbild. Ett exempel som jag tar upp är den skräckinjagande Mårran som man kan finna i böckerna om mumintrollen. Jag diskuterar också hur de tolkningar av känslan av det andras närhet under barndomenkan påverka tradering och livssyner i vuxen ålder.

  • 35.
    Duppils, Sara
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Var får man tag på vampyrgift?: Sökandet efter en personlig existentiell kontext2015In: Det postsekulära klassrummet: mot ett vidgat religionskunskapsbegrepp / [ed] David Carlsson & Peder Thalén, Gävle: Högskolan i Gävle , 2015, p. 87-107Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Egardt Fassarakis, Kassandra
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Minoisk religion: En jämförande analys av arkeologerna Arthur Evans och Nanno Marinatos forskning utifrån teorin om historiemedvetenhet2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This essay contains a comparative study between the works of the two archeologists Arthur Evans and Nanno Marinatos. The comparison focuses on academic publishments concerning minoan religion in bronze age Crete, Greece. The theoretical framework of this study is historical awareness, and whether or not the works of these two archeologists is compatible with the different principles which has been established for a historian to work correctly within the academic sphere. The study shows that there are both differences and similarities between the works written by Evans and Marinatos concerning minoan religion. The similarities is mainly explained by the archeological artifacts and remains found from bronze age Crete that undeniably exists, but the differences appears when the archeologists analyze said artifacts. This study shows that Evans archeological and analytical works was not in line with the theoretical framework of historical awareness. Marinatos on the other hand provides writings that are in line with historical awareness and her analysis is compatible with the different principles which has been established within the theory.

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  • 37.
    Ekbom, Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Lärares och elevers upplevelser av undervisning om tro och vetenskap: Ett jämförande av religionslärares och elevers upplevelser av neutralitet i undervisningen kring relationen mellan tro och vetenskap på gymnasiet2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The following report is aimed to compare how teachers and students experience teaching when it comes to the subject of religion named Religionskunskap 1 in Swedish upper secondary education (high school), and particular teaching about the relationship between science and religion which is to be a part of the subject regarding to the curriculum. The report uses the method of a digital survey and is focusing on whether the two perspectives science and religion are given an equal amount of time during teaching, if the books and other material used during teaching gives an unbiased version of both perspectives, if the teaching regarding science and religion is neutral in total and if teachers and students find it worrying if the teaching regarding science and religions are not unbiased. The findings are to be compared to a theory which is explained with a report written by Masoud Kamali about how the Swedish society separates ”us” from ”them” and how school is a part of the reproducing of hierarchies from the majority society. The findings shows that students in much higher rate than teachers experience that science is given more time in class, and that the students more often refer to the diversity of the Swedish society and therefor the teaching regarding science and religion must be unbiased, even though both teachers and students refer to Sweden as a secular country where science has a very strong position. To fully understand the results further research must be done. Since the findings show that students and teachers experience differ we may have a problem with teachers reproducing hierarchies that separates ”us” from ”them”, and to complete the findings one probably need to use another method than a survey, preferably to sit down and interview teachers for a longer period of time to get to the core of the problem.

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    Lärares och elevers upplevelser av undervisning om tro och vetenskap
  • 38.
    Ekbom, Niklas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Lärares upplevelser av undervisning om tro och vetenskap.: Religionslärares tankar om neutralitet i undervisningen kring relationen mellan tro och vetenskap på gymnasiet.2019Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka hur religionslärare som har undervisat i kursen Religionskunskap 1 upplever undervisningen kring relationen mellan tro och vetenskap, en relation som innefattas av ett kunskapskrav i kursens ämnesplan.  Metoden för undersökningen är en enkätundersökning där respondenterna har besvarat frågor utifrån olika aspekter av undervisningen, och därefter givits möjlighet att utveckla sina tankar i ett skrivfält. Ovan nämnda aspekter handlar om huruvida lärarna upplever att perspektiven tro och vetenskap ges lika mycket tid i undervisningen, om undervisningsmaterialet framställer båda perspektiven på ett neutralt sätt, hur lärarna upplever att kursens styrdokument lämnar utrymme för att genomföra en undervisning som inte är neutral, och huruvida lärarna upplever att det är problematiskt om undervisning om tro och vetenskap rent generellt inte bedrivs på ett neutralt sätt. Undersökningens teoretiska perspektiv grundar sig i en rapport där Masoud Kamali behandlar andrafieringoch skapandet av ”vi” och ”dem”, i och med att skolan kan vara en plats där hierarkier från majoritetssamhället reproduceras. Undersökningens resultat visar att lärarna upplever att religionsperspektivet ges mer tid eftersom lärarna utgår ifrån att eleverna har sämre förkunskaper om religion eftersom det vetenskapliga perspektivet har ett starkt stöd i Sverige. Det visade sig också att lärarna upplever att undervisningsmaterialet är bättre på att konkretisera det vetenskapliga perspektivet. Vad gäller styrdokumenten så framkom att skolan ska bygga på vetenskaplig grund och att allt är tolkningsbart, och när det kommer till synen på huruvida en ej neutralt genomförd undervisning om tro och vetenskap är problematiskt så tryckte flera respondenter på vilken av att vara objektiv, även om alla didaktiska val påverkar neutraliteten i undervisningen. Utifrån denna undersökning så går det inte att dra några tydliga slutsatser om huruvida religionslärare faktiskt bidrar till en andrafieringi undervisningen om tro och vetenskap. För det krävs vidare forskning, förslagsvis i form av kvalitativa intervjuer för att kunna gå på djupet angående hur lärarna resonerar kring sin undervisning.

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  • 39.
    Eklund, Elina
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Tro och vetande: en undersökning av Ingemar Hedenius religionskritik2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet Ingemar Hedenius och hans syn på kristendomen och religion. Dessa två frågeställningar är vad uppsatsen är byggd på. Vilken filosofisk kritik har riktats mot Hedenius behandling av gudsbegreppet? Hur ska denna kritik mot Hedenius värderas? Vilken roll spelar retorik i Hedenius argumentering? Jag har besvarat dessa frågor med hjälp ifrån relevant litteratur, videoklipp samt sökt information på nätet. Hedenius valde på ett provokativt vis skriva en bok om tro och vetande, dels för att filosofi intresserade honom men också som revolt mot sina föräldrars kristna tro. Han möttes av mycket kritik för sin bok men stod upp för sina åsikter och argumenterade gärna för dessa. Slutsatsen jag har kommit fram till genom detta arbete är att Hedenius bakgrund spelar en ganska stor roll till varför han valde att börja med religionskritik samt att hans sätt att framföra kritiken var speciell och kontroversiell för hans tid.

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  • 40.
    Eklund, Josefin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Lindberg, Sofie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Gud är manlig och kvinnan bär skuld: En genusteoretisk diskursanalys på läromedel inom religionskunskapsämnet2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This is a discourse-analytic study with an adopted gender theoretical perspective regarding how women within the Abrahamic religions are described in three selected teaching materials for upper secondary school (Religion 1). All books are adapted to Lgy11. Furthermore, an analysis is made of what way women are characterized in the material, as well as where they are visible and marginalized. With help from the gender theoretical perspective, which has been utilized to analyze the results of the empirical study, it is possible to understand the reasons for the visibility as well as the marginalization, and see what is contributes to. The result of this study shows that the teaching materials, through a gender theoretical perspective, depict men and women based on the dichotomy of what is considered female or male. Hence, women are described as passive, whereas men are described as active. The result also shows that women are marginalized when the history of religions is being described while they are visible in the textual contexts of home and family life, as well as their conditions. Key words: Women, Abrahamic religions, discourse, gender theory, gender, textbook analysis, marginalization

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  • 41.
    Eriksson, Ann-Kristin Mimmi
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Optimera dig! - Eller bli mer människa?2021In: Människan i en existentiell kultur: En antologi om Människa-Kultur-Religionsprogrammet vid Högskolan i Gävle / [ed] Olov Dahlin, Sara Duppils, Jari Ristiniemi, Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2021, p. 181-195Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Människan i det samtida Sverige lever i en kultur som uppmanar till optimering och utvärdering av i stort sett allt hon gör, både i arbetslivet och privatlivet. Denna tidsanda tenderar att få oss att fokusera på ytan snarare än djupet och får förmodligen konsekvenser för vår människosyn och även hur vi ser på oss själva. Det verkar också som denna utveckling får negativa konsekvenser för människors hälsa och välbefinnande. Kan det till och med vara så att tidsandan förhindrar oss att växa och fördjupas som människor? I denna text diskuteras utmattning, gränssituationer och betydelsen av den kunskap som döljer sig bortom yta och optimering. Texten vill lyfta fram betydelsen av den kunskap som inte låter sig fångas i tabeller och skalor, den erfarenhetsbaserade kunskapen som döljer sig bortom de kunskapsgränser som vetenskapen ofta rör sig inom. Texten är tänkt att vara ett inlägg som skapar diskussion kring den samtida kulturens inverkan på människan och hennes livsupplevelse. Texten vill också bidra till reflektion kring den kunskapsdimension och kompetens som Människa-Kultur- Religionsprogrammet syftar att leda fram till och vad denna kunskap betyder i arbetet med människor. Innehållet berör både temat ’religion och kultur i svensk kontext’ och ’existentiell kultur’. Allt fler människor i Sverige idag hamnar i en situation där de inte längre klarar av att hantera sina liv. De befinner sig plötsligt i en situation där de inte kan arbeta, sköta sin familj, eller ens ta sig upp ur sängen. Det är kompetenta och ambitiösa människor som inte längre är kapabla att hantera sina liv. Vad är det som händer? Vad är det för mekanismer som bidrar till detta? I folkhälsopropositionen En förnyad folkhälsopolitik 177 (Prop. 2007/08, s. 110) ställs, nästan som i förbifarten, frågan om ”[…] upplevelsen av stress beror på att våra existentiella behov inte är tillgodosedda” (33). I min avhandling Vid utmattningens gräns (Eriksson 2016) är det den existentiella erfarenheten av utmattning som är i fokus. I den här artikeln vill jag relatera något av innehållet i avhandlingen till den aktuella samhällstrenden som säger att vi på alla livets områden måste jobba på optimering, att allt vi gör ska mätas, kontrolleras och därmed kvalitetssäkras. Kan det vara så att denna trend har motsatt effekt, att jakten på ständig förbättring istället för oss bort från ett arbetsliv, kanske till och med ett liv, med kvalité? Uppfattningarna hos patienter och vårdgivare i Vid utmattningens gräns är att det finns en gemensam nämnare hos många som drabbas av utmattning, en problematikens kärna som handlar om förändringar i tillvaron som skapar en distansering från det som genererar motivation och drivkraft i livet. Dessa förändringar leder i sin tur till en upplevelse av förlorad mening och livsdränering. Kanske kan detta vara en replik på folkhälsopropositionens fråga om det kan vara så att den ökande stressen i samhället kan ha att göra med att människors existentiella behov inte är tillfredsställda?

  • 42.
    Eriksson, Ann-Kristin Mimmi
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies. Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, Mittuniversitetet, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Vid utmattningens gräns: Utmattningssyndrom som existentiellt tillstånd: Vårdtagares och vårdgivares erfarenheter av utmattningssyndrom och rehabilitering med en existentiell ansats i svensk vårdkontext2016Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and objectives: Stress-related illness is a growing public health problem in Sweden and it is the most common reason for sick leave today. Stress-related illness causes suffering on a number of levels and affects the patient’s health and life in the long term. The stress-related ill health also leads to consequences for society, causing high costs for sick leave and health care as well as lost workforce since people partially or entirely lose their capacity to work. Research on stress-related ill health and rehabilitation often underline work-related conditions as crucial in dealing with the problem. There is also research that points out psychosocial factors in understanding stress-related ill health. What we know little about is the existential perspective of clinical burn-out. Therefore, it is of importance to investigate people’s existential experiences of clinical burn-out and the significance of an existential perspective in rehabilitation.

    Aim: The overall aim of this thesis is to gain insight into the existential experience of clinical burn-out as well as to highlight the significance of an existential perspective in rehabilitation. In addition, the thesis aims to reach a deeper understanding of clinical burn-out from an existential point of view and contribute to the field with knowledge of the existential dimension of health.

    Methods: The study, conducted in 2011, is based on qualitative interviews made with an inductive hermeneutic approach. Five patients and seven care givers were interviewed, focusing their existential experiences of clinical burn-out as well as their experiences of rehabilitation with an existential approach. A strategic selection was made of informants in the context of a rehabilitation program with an existential approach for people diagnosed with clinical burn-out. The data was analysed in two steps. In the first step the data was interpreted with an inductive hermeneutic approach. In step two of the analysis, the data was interpreted with a deductive hermeneutic approach, using Karl Jasper’s concept of limit situation as a way of interpreting the existential experience. Aaron Antonovsky’s concept sense of coherence was used as a tool for understanding components that can contribute to restoring health.

    Results: In this study, the patients describe clinical burn-out as a comprehensive existential experience that can be perceived as being in between life and death, in a shadow world, trapped in a dead end. It’s a situation characterized by being powerless. It creates a need to comprehend one’s situation in order to be able to regain control and manage it. It’s a struggle to make sense of the life situation. When not being met with understanding, the patients lose hope. Existential issues in terms of meaning, existence and life choices become urgent. Working with the existential perspective requires trust, openness from both caregiver and patient, distinctness, a way to communicate it and courage to take on the challenge of dealing with existential issues. The perspective also requires that the existential suffering can be contained. Dealing with existential questions leads to self-knowledge and insights that enables a possibility to make different choices and leave negative behavioural patterns. Also, it can lead to a discovery of spirituality and religion as a resource in life. Besides their personal struggle for meaning, the patients see an existential void in society, leaving people without tools to handle existential needs. This is understood as something that affects people’s ability to handle stressful times in life.

    The care providers understand burn-out as a manifestation of a way of living that is not sustainable. It is an existential experience embodied in body and mind that can be experienced as being drained of life. It’s an existential challenge, causing grief when realizing one’s limitations as a human being. Also, loss of meaning and sense of existential vulnerability due to an experience of being annihilated is crucial for understanding the deep existential crisis that clinical burn-out can induce. This situation makes the patient ask existential questions about identity, meaning, values and direction. In the burnout-process the patients have distanced themselves from their own self and therefore need to reconnect with themselves. This makes the existential questions central in the rehabilitation as a way to reconnect to inner strength and resources, which are prerequisites for starting a health promoting, sustainable process which is empowering, making it possible to see oneself as a human being who experience meaning, not only as a patient with a diagnosis. Instead of finding meaning in the diagnosis, the patient’s existential questions and the existential experience is a key to moving forward, out of the situation. Meaning-making is therefore important in the rehabilitation.

    A holistic-existential approach and view of man makes it possible to work with the complexity of the situation. The holistic-existential approach creates synergies and offers an extra tool both for the caregiver and the patient. Focusing on the patient’s resources and competence makes it possible to see the crisis as a way to learn from it.

    The existential perspective in health care and rehabilitation is enabled by competence, openness, reliance, empathy and respect when meeting the patient. It also requires courage to take on the challenge of dealing with existential issues. It can be hard for both the patient and the care giver to confront existential suffering. It is the responsibility of the care giver to enable the existential perspective by acknowledging and making the existential perspective possible to communicate and work it through.

    The care providers understands values in modern society as contributing to people’s experience of feeling alone with existential needs, which intensifies their existential aloneness.

    The care providers’ experience is that the biomedical paradigm aggravates an existential perspective. The perspective is not associated with the care situation. There is a lack of knowledge about and understanding of the value of the existential perspective, all the way from the decision-making level to the clinical meeting with the patient. In addition, the paradigm affects how the patients express their illness. Also, the perspective requires time. Existential perspectives, therefore, tend to be concealed in the health care context.

    Applying Karl Jasper’s concept of limit situation, clinical burn-out can be interpreted as a defining existential experience. It can be understood as a limit situation when humans realize their limitations and at the same time get insights that are crucial for their lives. It’s an experience they wish they had not gone through, but on the other hand, it has led to insights they do not want to be without. The meaning-making process is health promoting by recreating meaning, the fundamental part of sense of coherence, which is crucial for a salutogenic direction.

    Conclusion: The existential state that the clinical burnout patients go through can, using Karl Jasper’s concept, be understood as a limit situation. According to Jasper’s reasoning, the limit situation can be perceived as facing an abyss, making it clear one has limitations as a human being. At the same time, the experience can be perceived as reaching a limit where humans can get insights about human life that can enhance life. Clinical burn-out, using Aaron Antonovsky’s concept, can be understood as a loss of the components that create sense of coherence. Loss of meaning is particularly central for understanding burn-out.

    Consequently, it is crucial to acknowledge the existential challenge that the patient is facing, as well as the importance of the meaning-making process for facilitating a movement in a health promoting manner. It gives a deeper understanding of the challenges and needs of patients suffering from clinical burn-out.

    The existential dimension of health has been highlighted in health promotion, but gets little attention in practice. This is especially significant in the health care context. This points out the need for a discussion about how the existential health dimension can be used as a resource in health care and rehabilitation and how this resource for health can be applied in a better way in health promotion and public health.

  • 43.
    Eriksson, Ida
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Att uppleva Döden: En jämförande studie mellan Den Tibetanska Dödsboken och nutida nära döden-upplevelser2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna uppsats är att jämföra hur Den Tibetanska Dödsboken beskriver döden och berättelser från personer som haft nära döden-upplevelser. Att undersöka vilka likheter och olikheter det finns mellan Den Tibetanska Dödsbokens olika stadier i döden och de olika momenten i moderna nära-dödenberättelser.

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    Att uppleva döden
  • 44.
    Eschenlohr, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    The ‘Problem of Existence’: Existential HealthIn The Context of Existentialist Philosophyand Literature2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this research, 20 classic works by 9 authors (Augustine, Camus, Dostoyevsky, Hesse, Kafka,Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sabato, Sartre) as well as secondary sources have been consulted in ahermeneutic reading to investigate how the existential dimension of health can be explained in thecontext of the ‘problem of existence’ as it is portrayed in Existentialist philosophy and literature.The following dimensions of the problem of existence have been identified: meaninglessness,alienation, responsibility, absurdity, existential dread, individualisation. In the relation to existentialhealth these dimensions can be united under the banner of the necessity of ‘being accepting of thenature of existence’. Additionally, hope, as well as a psychological ‘solution’ to the ‘problem ofexistence’ have been discussed.

  • 45.
    Flodin, Sara
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Henrysson, Ilona
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Är svenska muslimska kvinnors religionsfrihet villkorad ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv?: En kvalitativ intervjustudie om slöjan2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Detta är en kvalitativ abduktiv intervjustudie. Studien undersöker om svenska muslimska kvinnors religionsfrihet kan anses villkorad ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv och vad ett slöjförbud i skolan skulle kunna innebära för respondenternas döttrar och familjer. Studien undersöker även hur respondenterna ser på valet att bära slöja samt hur detta beslut påverkar vardagslivet. Begreppen genus och religion har använts för analys av det empiriska resultatet. Religion som begrepp avser att belysa religionen som socialt och kulturellt fenomen, muslimer som etnisk och religiös minoritet i Sverige och religiös proximitet. Studien visar att ett slöjförbud bidrar till exkludering och segregering, skulle kunna leda till multipel diskriminering samt vara en kränkning mot barnets självbestämmanderätt och rätten till identitetsuttryck. Resultaten visar överdrivna krav på religiösa proximitet och andliga mognad trots att föräldrarna ser det som ett fritt val att bära slöja. Studien fastslår att svenska muslimska kvinnors religionsfrihet är villkorad ur ett intersektionellt perspektiv. 

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  • 46.
    Flores, Palmiro
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Omsorgen om det levande: En hermeneutisk studie om naturens betydelse för människan samt hennes behov av mening2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det finns flera likheter mellan olika historiska kulturers framställningar av jorden, naturen och miljön, vilka ofta har inkluderat en moder eller gudinna som ger fruktbarhet samt skydd av jordens varelser. Hur tänker människor idag om naturen och jorden? Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka kopplingar mellan föreställningar kring naturen samt jorden och individens grundläggande behov av mening, trygghet och välbefinnande. För att uppnå syftet har ett empiriskt material i form av intervjuer samlats in. I analysen av materialet används den hermeneutiska tolkande metoden och den narrativa och jämförande metoden. Undersökningens resultat analyseras och diskuteras med utgångspunkt i Crystal L. Parks religionspsykologiska teori om religion och mening. Av analysen framgår att respondenterna ser ett samband mellan omsorgen om jorden samt naturen och människans strävan mot en hållbar och meningsgivande värld. Världsbilderna och föreställningarna om naturen hänger ihop med individens behov av en verklighet som kan upplevas som begriplig, hanterbar och meningsfull.

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  • 47.
    Franck, Olof
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Thalén, PederUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Interkulturell religionsdidaktik: utmaningar och möjligheter2018Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I religionskunskapsämnets kurs- och ämnesplaner framhålls betydelsen av att eleven utvecklar en mångkulturell kompetens präglad av ett ansvarsfullt förhållningssätt. Samtidigt har religion blivit ett alltmer laddat ämne i samhällsdebatten. Hur ska lärare i religionskunskap ta sig an utmaningarna i det mångkulturella klassrummet?


    Boken närmar sig ämnet interkulturell religionsdidaktik ur en mängd synvinklar. Livfulla skildringar från mångkulturella klassrum varvas med mer teoretiskt resonerande kapitel som redogör för aktuell nordisk och europeisk forskning kring religionsundervisning präglad av mångfald. Faktorer som underlättar dialog och genuina möten i klassrummet presenteras utifrån konkreta exempel men ges också fördjupande analyser i flera kapitel. I boken tas även olika hinder upp, allt från otjänlig och missriktad begreppsbildning till förenklade synsätt, som står i vägen för realiserandet av de mångkulturella målen.


    Boken är den första i sitt slag i Sverige och vänder sig till blivande och redan verksamma lärare i religionskunskap.

  • 48.
    Franck, Olof
    et al.
    Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Thalén, PederUniversity of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Powerful Knowledge in Religious Education: Exploring Paths to A Knowledge-Based Education on Religions2023Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This book unites and explores different approaches to understand and develop knowledge-based religious education. While the importance of methodological issues in RE is understood and acknowledged, the editors and contributors interrogate what kind of knowledge should be explored, how this knowledge is defined and what the consequences would be. Subsequently, the book focuses on the concept of powerful knowledge which transcends students' everyday experiences, and how it can be incorporated into the RE curriculum. Drawing together international research from RE teaching and learning, the book explores various paths to integrate a truly knowledge-based religious education. The book will appeal to students and scholars of religious education, sociology of education and the philosophy of religion.

  • 49.
    Franck, Olof
    et al.
    Swedish National Agency for Education, Sweden.
    Thalén, Peder
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Preface2023In: Powerful Knowledge in Religious Education: Exploring Paths to A Knowledge-Based Education on Religions / [ed] Olof Franck & Peder Thalén, Palgrave Macmillan Cham , 2023Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Friberg von Sydow, Rikard
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Education and Business Studies, Department of Humanities, Religious studies.
    Att koka trolldryck på ett barn: En mytanalys av den amerikanska konspiratoriska QAnon-rörelsen2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this thesis I investigate the mythical foundations of the North AmericanQAnon-movement. QAnon entered the political right-wing scene during 2017 when thesource ”Q” started posting ”drops” on the 4Chan and 8Chan message boards. ”Q”started a movement now spreading across the world by connecting different conspiracytheories to a ”big tent conspiracy theory”. In this text I will analyse some of the themesused by the QAnon-movement using the myth-analysis of, among others, the americanmythologist Joseph Campbell.

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