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  • 1.
    Aasa, Björn
    et al.
    Umeå universitet.
    Sandlund, Jonas
    Umeå universitet.
    Rudolfsson, Thomas
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Aasa, Ulrika
    Umeå universitet.
    Acuity of goal-directed arm movements and movement control; evaluation of differences between patients with persistent neck/shoulder pain and healthy controls2022In: European Journal of Physiotherapy, ISSN 2167-9169, E-ISSN 2167-9177, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 47-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The main aim was to examine whether patients with persistent upper quadrant pain have higher end-point variability in goal directed pointing movements than pain-free controls when the pointing task is performed in total darkness and under full vision. An additional aim was to study associations between the magnitude of end-point variability and a clinical movement control test battery and self-rated functioning among patients.

    Methods

    Seventeen patients and 17 age- and gender-matched pain-free controls performed a pointing task that evaluated end-point variability of repetitive shoulder movements in horizontal adduction and abduction with full vision, and abduction with no visual information, completed a movement control test battery of neck and shoulder control tests and answered questionnaires.

    Results

    Patients had higher end point variability for horizontal abduction when performed with no visual information. For horizontal adduction the variability was higher, but only when it was controlled for movement time. No significant correlations were found between end-point variability and self-rated functioning, nor between end-point variability and neuromuscular control of the glenohumeral joint.

    Conclusions

    This study provides preliminary evidence that patients with persistent neck/shoulder pain can partly compensate proprioceptive deficits in goal-directed arm movement when visual feedback is present.

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  • 2.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björklund, Christina
    Gustafsson, Klas
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .
    Hagberg, Jan
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    Department of Psychology, Stockholm University.
    Marklund, Staffan
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Karolinska Institutet.
    Exhaustion and impaired work performance in the workplace: Associations with presenteeism and absenteeism2019In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 1076-2752, E-ISSN 1536-5948, Vol. 61, no 11, p. e438-e444Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting.

    METHODS: In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively.

    RESULTS: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for.

    CONCLUSIONS: Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.

  • 3.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. Karolinska institutet.
    Gustafsson, Klas
    Karolinska institutet.
    Jensen, Irene
    Karolinska institutet.
    Hagberg, Jan
    Karolinska institutet.
    Aronsson, Gunnar
    Stockholms universitet.
    Marklund, Staffan
    Karolinska institutet.
    Leineweber, Constanze
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    What is number of days in number of times? Associations between, and responsiveness of, two sickness presenteeism measures.2020In: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, ISSN 1076-2752, E-ISSN 1536-5948, Vol. 62, no 5, p. 180-185Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between SP reported as number of days with SP reported as number of times and to evaluate their responsiveness.

    METHODS: The study population (n = 454) consisted of employed individuals, at risk of long-term sickness absence. Correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between the two SP measures and external constructs such as work performance, general health and registered sick leave. Both SP constructs were measured several times to examine responsiveness.

    RESULTS: The SP measures are moderately correlated. They moderately correlated with work performance and health status measures. SP reported as number of times seem to be more sensitive than number of days in detecting changes after rehabilitation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Numerical or categorical constructs are valid sources of data on SP. However, categorized SP seem to be more responsive.

  • 4.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Jensen, Irene
    Karolinska institutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    Björk Brämberg, Elisabeth
    Karolinska institutet.
    Pico-Espinosa, Oscar Javier
    Karolinska institutet.
    Björklund, Christina
    Karolinska institutet.
    Investigating the association between publication performance and the work environment of university research academics: a systematic review2021In: Scientometrics, ISSN 0138-9130, E-ISSN 1588-2861, Vol. 126, no 4, p. 3283-3301Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this review was to investigate the association between publication performance and the organizational and psychosocial work environment of academics in a university setting. In 2018 we conducted database searches in Web of Science, Medline and other key journals (hand-searched) from 1990 to 2017 based on population, exposure and outcome framework. We examined reference lists, and after a title and abstract scan and full-text reading we identified studies that were original research and fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Articles were evaluated as having a low, moderate or high risk of bias using a quality assessment form. From the studies (n = 32) identified and synthesized, work-environment characteristics could explain the quality and quantity aspects of publication performance of academics. Management practices, leadership and psychosocial characteristics are influential factors that affect academics’ publication productivity. Most of the reviewed studies were judged to be of moderate quality because of issues of bias, related to the measuring of publication outcome. The findings in the studies reviewed suggest that highly productive research academics and departments significantly tend to be influenced by the organizational and psychosocial characteristics of their working environment. The practical relevance of this review is that it highlights where academics’ performance needs support and how the work environment can be improved to bolster publication productivity.

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  • 5.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska institutet.
    Lilje, Stina
    Karolinska institutet; Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Bengtsson, Camilla
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Peterson, Anna
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm.
    Persson, Ulf
    The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund.
    Skillgate, Eva
    Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm; Karolinska institutet.
    Manual therapy versus advice to stay active for nonspecific back and/or neck pain: a cost-effectiveness analysis2022In: Chiropractic and Manual Therapies, E-ISSN 2045-709X, Vol. 30, no 1, article id 27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Low back and neck pain are the most common musculoskeletal disorders worldwide, and imply suffering and substantial societal costs, hence effective interventions are crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of manual therapy compared with advice to stay active for working age persons with nonspecific back and/or neck pain.

    Methods

    The two interventions were: a maximum of 6 manual therapy sessions within 6 weeks, including spinal manipulation/mobilization, massage and stretching, performed by a naprapath (index group), respectively information from a physician on the importance to stay active and on how to cope with pain, according to evidence-based advice, at 2 occasions within 3 weeks (control group). A cost-effectiveness analysis with a societal perspective was performed alongside a randomized controlled trial including 409 persons followed for one year, in 2005. The outcomes were health-related Quality of Life (QoL) encoded from the SF-36 and pain intensity. Direct and indirect costs were calculated based on intervention and medication costs and sickness absence data. An incremental cost per health related QoL was calculated, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

    Results

    The difference in QoL gains was 0.007 (95% CI − 0.010 to 0.023) and the mean improvement in pain intensity was 0.6 (95% CI 0.068–1.065) in favor of manual therapy after one year. Concerning the QoL outcome, the differences in mean cost per person was estimated at − 437 EUR (95% CI − 1302 to 371) and for the pain outcome the difference was − 635 EUR (95% CI − 1587 to 246) in favor of manual therapy. The results indicate that manual therapy achieves better outcomes at lower costs compared with advice to stay active. The sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main results.

    Conclusions

    Our results indicate that manual therapy for nonspecific back and/or neck pain is slightly less costly and more beneficial than advice to stay active for this sample of working age persons. Since manual therapy treatment is at least as cost-effective as evidence-based advice from a physician, it may be recommended for neck and low back pain. Further health economic studies that may confirm those findings are warranted.

    Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN56954776. Retrospectively registered 12 September 2006, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN56954776.

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  • 6.
    Agebro, Ellinor
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Björklund, Amii
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Sjuksköterskors upplevelse av interna psykologiska kontraktet under Covid-19 pandemin2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelse av det interna psykologiska kontraktet under Covid-19 pandemin, samt i vilken utsträckning det psykologiska kontraktet upplevs vara uppfyllt av arbetsgivaren. En kvalitativ metod användes och nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med offentlighetsanställda sjuksköterskor på fyra olika arbetsplatser inom vården i mellansverige. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en induktiv tematisk analys vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman med sex tillhörande underteman. Huvudresultatet visade att deltagarna upplevde god kommunikation, autonomi och chefernas stöd som centrala delar i deras psykologiska kontrakt. Rätt förutsättningar såsom arbetsmiljö, utbildning och utrustning var även delar av kontraktet som uppskattades av sjuksköterskorna. De upplevde att deras arbetsgivare generellt levt upp till deras förväntningar men att de ökade kraven som orsakades av Covid-19 pandemin resulterade i ouppfyllda psykologiska kontrakt . Detta påverkade deltagarna negativt och orsakade stress , minskad arbetsglädje, ohälsa och i vissa fall uppsägningar. 

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  • 7.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Lundqvist, Daniel
    Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Education and Sociology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science.
    A qualitative study of factors that managers in small companies consider important for their wellbeing2023In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 18, no 1, article id 2286669Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    Given the importance of small businesses for society, and the significance of managers’ wellbeing for employee health, leadership, and business performance, more knowledge is needed on the sources of managers’ wellbeing. This study explored factors within the small business context that were perceived by managers to hinder or enable their wellbeing.

    Methods

    Data were collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with 20 managers from 12 small companies, and analysed with content analysis.

    Results

    The factors that these managers in small businesses experienced as enhancing or hindering their personal wellbeing covered five categories: demands and resources in the daily managerial work, achievement of results, social factors, organizational factors, and individual factors.

    Conclusions

    The specific context of managerial work in small companies encompasses unique factors. For instance, the small company managers’ wellbeing was affected by vulnerability due to the smallness of the business and the absence of available resources. Simultaneously, a small company context provided a strong social climate and close relationships with employees and customers that strengthened the managers’ wellbeing. The findings suggest that the availability of financial, personnel, and organizational resources varies between small companies of different size, which may have implications for small business managers’ work and wellbeing.

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  • 8.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Lundqvist, Daniel
    Linköpings universitet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. EPIUnit–Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
    Managers’ and employees’ experiences of how managers’ wellbeing impacts their leadership behaviours in Swedish small businesses2023In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 75, no 1, p. 97-112Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND:There is a growing interest in managers’ wellbeing due to the observed associations between their wellbeing and leadership behaviours, and between leadership behaviours and employees’ wellbeing. However, it is still unclear how managers’ wellbeing influences their practiced leadership across different workplace contexts, which specific behaviours are affected, and how this varies across time.

    OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was therefore to explore managers’ and employees’ experiences and perceptions regarding the consequences of managers’ wellbeing for their leadership behaviours in small businesses.

    METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 participants (19 managers and 18 employees) working at 12 Swedish small firms, and analysed using content analysis.

    RESULTS:The findings show that managers were more constructive when they felt well, and more passively destructive when unwell. Variations in managers’ wellbeing influenced their mood, energy level, and performance, as well as the company’s working climate. However, these destructive leadership variations did not have a substantial impact, because several protective factors were present.

    CONCLUSION:This study shows that the wellbeing of managers in small businesses has perceptible consequences for their leadership behaviours. The study also shows that sustained leadership behaviours may coexist with temporary variations of these behaviours on a constructive-destructive continuum depending on the leader’s wellbeing. Overall, the findings contribute to a more nuanced and dynamic understanding of how the interaction between managers’ wellbeing and their behaviours unfolds in the particular context of small companies.

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  • 9.
    Ahmadi, Elena
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Macassa, Gloria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Public Health Science. University of Porto.
    Larsson, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. LKAB.
    Managers’ work and behaviour patterns in profitable growth SMEs2021In: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913, Vol. 57, p. 849-863Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigated managers’ work and behaviour patterns in profitable growth small- and medium-sized Swedish companies, and considered how these patterns might be associated with good health outcomes. Specifically, we looked at hours worked by managers, proportion of time spent on working activities, and leadership behaviour orientation. We used a quantitative cross-sectional design and collected data via a standardized questionnaire that was answered by 133 top managers. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, linear regression, and compositional data analysis. Our results indicate that the managers worked long hours, which is a health risk both for them as individuals and for their organizations, but also that they engaged in work practices and leadership behaviours that were favourable for organizational health and for their employees. The managers spent a high proportion of their time in touring, which could be beneficial to organizational health, and exercised active leadership through behaviours that contribute to both employee health and company effectiveness. Comparing our results to other studies, we can observe that patterns of managers’ time use differ between small and large companies, confirming that the size of the firm is an important determinant of managerial work.

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  • 10.
    Ahmed, Omar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Sambandet mellan muskuloskeletala besvär och synergonomi bland yrkeschaufförer: En tvärsnittsstudie2023Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Problemformulering: Muskuloskeletala besvär är vanligt bland yrkeschaufförer i den svenska transportsektorn, och synergonomi är en ofta underskattad riskfaktor. Begränsad forskning om sambandet mellan samsynsproblem och muskuloskeletala besvär gör att problemets omfattning och konsekvenser är oklara. Samsynsproblem är svårigheter att använda båda ögonen samtidigt för att se och bearbeta bilder.

    Syfte: Syftet med den här tvärsnittsstudien var att undersöka förekomsten av samsynsproblem och muskuloskeletala besvär bland yrkeschaufförer och om muskuloskeletala besvär samvarierar med samsynsproblem.

    Metod: Data i studien hämtades från ett register. Det var totalt 197 yrkeschaufförer som besvarade enkäten. Förekomsten av samsynsproblem och muskuloskeletala besvär analyserades genom deskriptiv statistik och studiens andra frågeställning har analyserats genom inferentiell statistik och inkluderade två regressionsanalyser.

    Resultat: Förekomsten av samsynsproblem totalt i populationen var 18% och förekomsten av muskuloskeletala besvär totalt i populationen var 22%; taxi- och busschaufförer var överrepresenterade. Regressionsanalyserna visade att muskuloskeletala besvär och samsynsproblem samvarierar (p < 0.05) med och utan kontrollvariabler. I den justerade regressionsanalysen samvarierar variabeln socialt stöd i hemmet med muskuloskeletala besvär hos taxichaufförer och socialt stöd i arbetet hos långtradarchaufförer.

    Slutsats: Yrkeschaufförer är sannolikt en yrkeskategori som har en hel del ohälsa och ett stressfullt jobb. Studien visar en association mellan muskuloskeletala besvär och samsynsproblem bland yrkeschaufförer, men den fastställer ingen kausalitet. Det finns begränsad forskning om denna yrkeskategori, och mer forskning behövs.

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  • 11.
    Ahmic, Rijad
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Andersson, Marcus
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Generationella skillnader inom arbetsmotivation2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in workmotivation between two generations (generation X + millennials) through examininghow the generations estimated their basic needs of satisfaction and whether there was asignificant difference in how the generations estimated their intrinsic and extrinsicmotivation in the workplace. The study was of a quantitative approach and wasconducted through a survey in which 53 participants participated. The instruments usedin the study were Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale - Work Domain(BPNSFS) and Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale (WEIMS). BPNSFSmeasured the participants basic needs at work and WEIMS their inner and outermotivation as is based on the Self-Determination Theory. The results showed nosignificant difference in how the generations estimated their basic psychological needsat work. However there was a significant difference between the generations where themillennials rated their intrinsic motivation in the workplace higher than generation X,no significant difference was found in how the two generations rated their outermotivation.

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  • 12.
    Aho, Emmy
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Johansson, Sofia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Personliga assistenters upplevelse av deras psykologiska kontrakt2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    The purpose of the study was to examine how personal assistants experience their psychological contract and how the psychological contract was fulfilled against their supervisor or manager.A qualitative method was used and seven interviews were conducted with personal care assistants from various workplaces. The interviews were analysed with thematic analysis and resulted in five main themes. Expectations, personal but not private, what really stands in the contract, how people look at the profession and fulfilment. In conclusion, the main result was that the personal care assistants experienced that the internal psychological contract consisted of the relation to the supervisor or manager and the accessibility to the employer. The personal care assistants felt that the contents of the external psychological contract consisted of the work duties, employment security, working hours and the attractiveness of the profession. The majority of the respondents felt that the internal and external psychological contract was fulfilled. None of the respondents considered that the internal and external psychological contract was not fulfilled at all.  

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  • 13.
    Aiehof, Marcus
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Patrullerande polisers stressfaktorer och copingstrategier i arbetslivet2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vad patrullerande poliser upplever som stressande och hur de hanterar stress i sitt arbete. För att kunna besvara syftet användes en metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer där fem aktivt patrullerande poliser deltog. Analysen av de insamlade intervjuerna genomfördes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där det insamlade materialet kategoriserades och olika teman identifierades, de viktigaste meningarna valdes sedan ut som var direkt kopplade till syftet med studien. Resultatet visade att de främsta stressfaktorerna som de patrullerande poliserna upplevde var: Tidspress och personalbrist, vapenhantering samt hemarbete. Vidare var de viktigaste copingstrategierna för att hantera dessa: Socialt stöd från familj och kollegor, vägledning från chefer samt andningsövningar från yogaträning. Cheferna skulle kunna försöka vara mer närvarande i de patrullerande polisernas ärenden för att lättare ge dem det stöd de behöver. Slutsatsen var att det finns olika sätt att hantera stress och det är viktigt att ta lärdom av kollegor, hur de på bästa sätt hanterar stressiga situationer. Det är också viktigt att fortsätta vidare med forskningen, för att ta reda på vilka copingstrategier som är effektivast för att hjälpa patrullerande poliser med att hantera sin stress. 

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  • 14.
    Andersson, Erik P.
    et al.
    Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden; School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
    Lögdal, Nestor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Byrne, Darragh
    Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
    Jones, Thomas W.
    Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
    Physiological responses and performance factors for double-poling and diagonal-stride treadmill roller-skiing time-trial exercise2023In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 123, no 11, p. 2495-2509Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    To compare physiological responses between a self-paced 4-min double-poling (DP) time-trial (TTDP) versus a 4-min diagonal-stride (DS) time-trial (TTDS). The relative importance of peak oxygen uptake (V˙V˙O2peak), anaerobic capacity, and gross efficiency (GE) for projection of 4-min TTDP and TTDS roller-skiing performances were also examined.

    Methods

    Sixteen highly trained male cross-country skiers performed, in each sub-technique on separate occasions, an 8 × 4-min incremental submaximal protocol, to assess individual metabolic rate (MR) versus power output (PO) relationships, followed by a 10-min passive break and then the TTDP or TTDS, with a randomized order between sub-techniques.

    Results

    In comparison to TTDS, the TTDP resulted in 10 ± 7% lower total MR, 5 ± 4% lower aerobic MR, 30 ± 37% lower anaerobic MR, and 4.7 ± 1.2 percentage points lower GE, which resulted in a 32 ± 4% lower PO (all P < 0.01). The V˙V˙O2peak and anaerobic capacity were 4 ± 4% and 30 ± 37% lower, respectively, in DP than DS (both P < 0.01). The PO for the two time-trial (TT) performances were not significantly correlated (R2 = 0.044). Similar parabolic pacing strategies were used during both TTs. Multivariate data analysis projected TT performance using V˙V˙O2peak, anaerobic capacity, and GE (TTDP, R2 = 0.974; TTDS, R2 = 0.848). The variable influence on projection values for V˙V˙O2peak, anaerobic capacity, and GE were for TTDP, 1.12 ± 0.60, 1.01 ± 0.72, and 0.83 ± 0.38, respectively, and TTDS, 1.22 ± 0.35, 0.93 ± 0.44, and 0.75 ± 0.19, respectively.

    Conclusions

    The results show that a cross-country skier’s “metabolic profile” and performance capability are highly sub-technique specific and that 4-min TT performance is differentiated by physiological factors, such as V˙V˙O2peak, anaerobic capacity, and GE.

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  • 15.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    VTI, Sweden.
    Björklund, Gunilla
    VTI, Sweden.
    Wallén Warner, Henriette
    VTI, Sweden.
    Lättman, Katrin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology. Karlstad University, CTF - Service Research center and Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Adell, Emeli
    Trivector, Sweden.
    The complexity of changes in modal choice: A quasi-experimental study2023In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, E-ISSN 1873-5517, Vol. 96, p. 36-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Changes in modal choice is argued to be one way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Increasing modal choices in favour ofmore environmentally friendly travel modes requires a better understanding of how these choices are actually made. The first aim of this study istherefore to examine how modal choice is related to subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, and habit, both beforeand after an intervention promoting public transport. The second aim is to examine how modal choice is affected by the intervention. Finally, thethird aim is to examine how subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, and habit are affected by the intervention.Method: The design used is a before- and after-study with free public travel passes as the intervention (30- or 14-days free travel pass). Altogether, 52travelers – distributed on two intervention groups and one control group – participated in the study. The 30-days free travel pass group constitutes18 participants, the 14-days free travel pass group constitutes 19 participants while the control group constitutes 15 participants. During the beforeperiodthe participants were asked to register their modal choice using a digitalized application downloaded on their smart phones (the TravelVuapp), to complete a short app-based questionnaire, and a web-based questionnaire. During the after-period, they were once again asked to registertheir modal choice and to complete a web-based questionnaire. All data collected were analyzed by variance or correlation analyses using thechange between before- and after period as the dependent variable.Results: The results show that walking was more common than the use of public transport and car, which in turn were more common than the use ofbicycle. Perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, general health, life quality as well as habit were all rated fairly high. Over time, the use ofpublic transport increased while the use of car decreased overall. With increased use of public transport, the perceived accessibility decreased, buton the other hand, the life quality increased. There was no difference in perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, or habit between the threegroups, but the participants became overall more satisfied with the standard of their experiences of their everyday travel (cognitive evaluation). Atthe same time, they became less reflective of their choice of travel mode and less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes during theafter- compared to the before period.Conclusion: The intervention did not affect the modal choice or the subjective experiences. Over time, the participants did however increase their useof public transport and their cognitive evaluation of their everyday travel overall, while they decreased their use of car and became less reflectiveand less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes. These changes might be attributed to their participation in the present study.

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  • 16.
    Andersson, Johan
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Callenmark, Cornelia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Chefers upplevelse av det egna ledarskapets utveckling på distans under Covid-192022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Covid-19 forced the world to take actions in all aspects of life. The purpose of this study was to examine how leaders developed their leadership and what changes the organization had to make to keep the business side going whilst taking care of their employees when the work went remote. The data was based on eight interviews with leaders at an industrial production organization. Through a thematic analysis four themes could be established, all of which focused on the challenges of the pandemic and remote leadership and the solutions the leaders found to ensure good physical and psychosocial work environment during remote work. The focus of leadership changed to becoming more focused on well-being through a knowledge of the fact that different employees have different needs. Digital tools played a central role during the pandemic and though it mostly worked out well, it did bring some challenges.

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  • 17.
    Andersson, Klara
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Stridh, Isa
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Ett uppskattat ledarskap inom restaurangbranschen: Önskvärda egenskaper hos en ledare2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to investigate what employees in fine-dining restaurants perceive to be desirable characteristics of a leader based on transformative, transactional, and authoritarian leadership. The study was qualitative and used a deductive thematic analysis with eight semi-structured interviews. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) designed by Bass (1985) and authoritarian leadership was used as the theoretical background.  

    The two requirements to participate was for the respondents to have worked in a fine-dining restaurant within the last two years. The results showed that the desirable characteristics of a leader were committed, encouraging, solution-oriented, creative, patient, responsive, caring, ambitious, relationship-building, and communicative. The desirable qualities characterize a transformative leadership. The results of the study may be relevant to the development of leadership in fine-dining restaurants.

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  • 18.
    Andersson, Lina-Marie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Olsson, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    ”Alla vet att rörelse är bra, så varför rör man sig inte?”: Medarbetares syn på rörelse, fysisk aktivitet och hur arbetsgivare bör arbeta för minskat stillasittande2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Office work usually involves prolonged sedentary behavior and health risks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate office workers' views on physical activity and how they believe their employers should work to reduce sedentary behavior. Theory of Planned Behavior and Self-Determination Theory were used as the theoretical framework. Seven qualitative interviews were conducted with office workers at a company in northern Sweden. The company has a strong culture of exercise and training as well as several health-promoting activities. Last year, a health survey indicated that many employees had back and neck problems. An inductive thematic analysis of the interviews showed that physical activity and movement are perceived as important for both physical and mental health. Factors such as habits and norms can constitute an obstacle to movement during the working day. If health interventions from the employer to counteract long periods of sitting are to be successful, they should be autonomous, performed jointly and easy to accomplish.

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  • 19.
    Andersson, Ronnie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Attributionsstil vid idrottsprestation2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to investigate differences in the attribution style of high school youth participating in elite sports in the event of adversity compared to success. The study examined differences between individual versus team sports as well as differences between women and men. A total of 209 athletes participated (76 women and 133 men), of which 85 were individual athletes and 124 were team athletes. The method consisted of a digital survey built on two situations; a period of adversity and a period of success. For both situations, internal attribution, stable attribution and perceived degree of influence were measured. The result showed significant differences between the situations, where the causal explanation in the case of success was described to a greater degree as being due to the practitioner himself (internal attribution) than in the case of failure. The degree of stable attribution was also higher in the case of success, meaning that the causal explanation was considered to persist in the future. Furthermore, the results showed that men more often use internal attributions, than woman do. And finally, it was shown that individual athletes used internal attributions to a greater extent compared to team athletes and also that individual athletes experience a higher degree of influence the situation.

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    Attributionsstil vid idrottsprestation
  • 20.
    Andersson Westny, Jill
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Anställdas upplevelse av ökat välbefinnande på arbetsplatsen efter användning av ett digitalt interventionsverktyg2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa ökar i Sverige och hos den yrkesverksamma befolkningen, i åldrarna 20–69 år, är en stor del av sjukfrånvaron kopplad till arbetsrelaterad stress. Att upprätthålla och förbättra medarbetarnas välbefinnande är en viktig komponent kring psykisk ohälsa och sjukfrånvaro i arbetslivet. En rapport av Försäkringskassans finns ett stort behov av kunskap om möjliga åtgärder för att motverka psykisk ohälsa. Syfte:Föreliggande studies syfte är att undersöka anställdas upplevelser av huruvida deras arbetsrelaterade välbefinnande har påverkats av att ha använt ett kombinerat verktyg för välbefinnande. Metod: Studiens datamaterial har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och resultatet har tagits fram genom tematisk analysmetod. Resultat:Resultatet av studien visade att respondenterna upplevde att deras välbefinnande på arbetet hade förbättrats efter att ha använt verktyget, detta på grund av att de fått nya insikter, upplevde minskad stress, mer återhämtning och ökad fysisk aktivitet. Vidare går det att utläsa av resultatet att dessa delar har lett till att respondenterna har mer energi, är mer produktiva och mår bättre på arbetet. Slutsats: Denna studie bidrar med kunskap och ger en djupare förståelse gällande hur anställda upplever hur deras välbefinnande på arbetet påverkats av att använda ett kombinarerat interventionsverktyg. Dock bör resultaten tolkas med försiktighet på grund av begränsad överförbarhet till arbetslivet i stort. Verktyget kan vara till hjälp för arbetsgivare att arbeta strategiskt med välmående och arbetsmiljöfrågor. Resultatet bidrar till ett hälsofrämjande perspektiv genom att medvetandegöra faktorer som kan främja välbefinnande på arbetet. Om medarbetare mår bra skulle detta kunna påverkar sjukfrånvaron, personalomsättning och lönsamheten på organisationsnivå.

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  • 21.
    Angermund Ekdahl, Evelina
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Berg, Mathilda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Att arbeta med livet som insats: Vårdpersonalens upplevelse av sin arbetssituation vid arbete under Covid-19.2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the present study was to examine and get at more profound knowledge for how healthcare workers at nursing homes who have worked on site during the pandemic have experienced their work situation with focus on their psychosocial work environment. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with health care workers that have been working on site at nursing homes during the pandemic. The material was transcribed and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. Three main themes were found; To work during a crisis, Employees conditions and More work less rest. The result showed that all of the respondents experienced that Covid-19 contributed to a worsened psychosocial work environment. Emergent factors of the worsened psychosocial work environment were the increased workload, feelings of uncertainty, worry and fear and also lack of social support and protective equipment. Furthermore, the respondents experienced that their work routines became more complicated due to new job assignments and health care protocols introduced during the pandemic. The respondents also experienced a stronger cohesion within their workgroup that had a great importance to how they handled the difficult situations they faced together.

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  • 22.
    Antonsson, Alida
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Severin, Therese
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Organisationskultur utifrån Scheins modell och dess relation och påverkan på arbetstillfredsställelse: Samt ålder och köns påverkan2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka organisationskultur utifrån Scheins modell och dess relation och påverkan på arbetstillfredsställelse samt att undersöka om kön och ålder påverkar upplevelsen av arbetstillfredsställelse. Datainsamlingen som ligger till grund för studien var baserad på en digital enkätundersökning. Påståendena utgick från ett befintligt och beprövat mätinstrument för arbetstillfredsställelse samt egendesignade påståenden utifrån Scheins modell. Analysmetoderna som tillämpades var korrelation, en multipel regression samt en hierarkisk multipel regression. Enkäten besvarades av 108 stycken respondenter. Det fanns inget signifikant samband mellan arbetstillfredsställelse och organisationskultur. Den multipla regressionsanalysen uppvisade ett signifikant resultat för variabeln grundläggande antaganden, för de två andra variablerna artefakter och värderingar återfanns inget signifikant resultat. Modell 1 i den hierarkiska multipla regressionen innefattade variablerna kön och ålder, modell 2 innefattade variablerna kön, ålder, artefakter, värderingar och grundläggande antaganden. Kön uppvisade inget signifikant resultat, variabeln ålder hade en effekt och uppvisade ett signifikant resultat. Resultaten stöds inte helt av tidigare forskning. 

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  • 23.
    Areskoug, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science.
    Samband mellan arbetsidentitet och den mentala (o)hälsan inom byggbranschen: En kvantitativ studie2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between emotion- and cognition components within personal- and collective work identity, and exhaustion. A quantitative method was used, and questionnaires was sent out to employees in the construction industry. Using 2 hierarchical multiple regression analyzes and 149 employees who participated in the study the emotional component (p=.002) of personal work identity and the cognition (p=.04) component in collective work identity showed a negative relationship to exhaustion, indicating that individuals with a strong work identity based on these components show a decreased level of exhaustion. The cognition component (p=<.001) of personal work identity and the emotion component (p=.02) of collective work identity showed a positive relationship to exhaustion, indicating that individuals with a strong work identity based on these components show an increased level of exhaustion. However, the analysis of the collective work identity did not show a significant support for the model as a whole, which indicates that these results should be interpreted with caution.

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  • 24.
    Arnesson, Ebba
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Rylander, Natalie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Personlighetens betydelse för arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbete under Covid-192021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of personality for the work experience of teleworking during Covid-19. The study also examined whether there were any differences in the work experience of teleworking depending on whether the telework was voluntary or forced. The study was a quantitative questionnaire study and the sample were white-collar workers who teleworked during Covid-19. To measure personality through the five-factor model, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was applied. The Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS) was used to measure work experience. The results showed a significant relationship between the predictors and the work experience of teleworking during Covid-19. The results showed that agreeableness had the highest effect on work experience of telework during Covid-19, whereas neuroticism and conscientiousness also proved to be predictors of work experience. However, extraversion, openness, gender, age and whether the telework was voluntary or forced showed a non-significant result.

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    Personlighetens betydelse för arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbete under Covid-19
  • 25.
    Arnqvist, Moa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Titz, Petronella
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Att stanna eller att gå?: De psykologiska behovens betydelse för den kritiska personalomsättningen hos vård- och omsorgsanställda2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan de psykologiska behoven autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet i Self-Determination Theory [SDT] och intentionen att sluta [ITQ] hos vård- och omsorgsanställda inom en svensk kommun. En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes och 79 sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor på den specifika kommunen deltog i en enkätundersökning som mätte deras psykologiska behov och intention att sluta. Data analyserades i SPSS genom en multipel regressionsanalys och en korrelationsanalys. Resultaten visade ett signifikant negativt samband mellan de psykologiska behoven i SDT och ITQ, vilket betydde att ju högre upplevelse av de psykologiska behoven desto mindre var intentionen att sluta. Autonomi var det behovet som förklarade störst del av variansen i ITQ, följt av samhörighet och kompetens. Uppfyllandet av alla psykologiska behov var således av vikt för att uppleva lägre intention att sluta hos vård- och omsorgsanställda.

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  • 26.
    Aronsson, G
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Hagberg, J
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Björklund, C
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Aboagye, Emmanuel
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska Institutet.
    Marklund, S
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Leineweber, C
    Stockholm University.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska Institutet.
    Health and motivation as mediators of the effects of job demands, job control, job support, and role conflicts at work and home on sickness presenteeism and absenteeism2021In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, ISSN 0340-0131, E-ISSN 1432-1246, Vol. 94, p. 409-418Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The first objective was to contribute to a better understanding of the contrasting and paradoxical results in studies of work environment factors and sickness presence and sickness absence. A second objective was to examine if, and under what conditions, employees choose to replace sickness absence with sickness presence, i.e., so-called substitution.

    Methods: The study utilizes a large body of cross-sectional questionnaire data (n = 130,161) gathered in Sweden from 2002 to 2007 in connection with a comprehensive health promotion initiative. Health and motivation were analyzed as mediators of the effects of five job factors, job control, job support, job demand, role conflict and "work to family conflict" on sickness presence and absence.

    Results: The results concerning job demands indicate substitution in that increased job demands are associated with increased presenteeism and reduced absenteeism. The direct effect of higher job support was increased absenteeism, but via the health and motivation paths, the total effect of more social support was health-promoting and associated with a reduction in sickness absence and sickness presence. High job control emerged as the most pronounced health-promoting factor, reducing sickness presenteeism as well as absenteeism. More role conflicts and work-to-family conflicts were directly and indirectly associated with decreased health and increased absenteeism as well as presenteeism. earlier research.

    Conclusion: The mediation analyzes shed light on some of the paradoxes in research on sickness presenteeism and sickness absenteeism, especially regarding job demands and job support. The substitution effect is important for workplace policy and occupational health practice.

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  • 27.
    Aronsson, Josefine
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Skiftarbetares upplevelser av god sömn och möjligheter till goda sömnvanor: En kvalitativ intervjustudie2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: The purpose of this qualitative study is to describe shift workers' different experiences of good sleeping habits.

    Method: Qualitative interview study with a semi-structured interview guide. Collected data were analyzed by phenomenographic analysis method.

    Results: One main theme, four categories and ten subcategories were identified. The main theme of the phenomenographic analysis is that good sleep is a process with different possibilities. The categories, with associated subcategories, extend over four different parts of the day. The results show what shift workers experience as good sleep and what contributes to good sleep.

    Conclusion: The results of this study show that good sleep is a process with different possibilities that extends throughout the day. The results highlight the opportunities for good sleeping habits among shift workers and highlight the participants' own experiences. The results contribute to the health-promoting perspective by raising awareness of the factors that promote good sleep. This makes it possible to create supportive environments and provide knowledge to make healthy choices regarding sleep. 

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  • 28.
    Arumugam, Ashokan
    et al.
    University of Sharjah, UAE.
    Björklund, Martin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Umeå universitet.
    Mikko, Sanna
    Umeå universitet.
    Häger, Charlotte K
    Effects of neuromuscular training on knee proprioception in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review and GRADE evidence synthesis2021In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 11, no 5, article id e049226Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To systematically review and summarise the evidence for the effects of neuromuscular training compared with any other therapy (conventional training/sham) on knee proprioception following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Design Systematic Review.

    Data sources PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, AMED, Scopus and Physical Education Index were searched from inception to February 2020.

    Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of neuromuscular training on knee-specific proprioception tests following a unilateral ACL injury were included.

    Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the eligible studies using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool. Overall certainty in evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.Results Of 2706 articles retrieved, only 9 RCTs, comprising 327 individuals with an ACL reconstruction (ACLR), met the inclusion criteria. Neuromuscular training interventions varied across studies: whole body vibration therapy, Nintendo-Wii-Fit training, balance training, sport-specific exercises, backward walking, etc. Outcome measures included joint position sense (JPS; n=7), thresholds to detect passive motion (TTDPM; n=3) or quadriceps force control (QFC; n=1). Overall, between-group mean differences indicated inconsistent findings with an increase or decrease of errors associated with JPS by ≤2°, TTDPM by ≤1.5° and QFC by ≤6 Nm in the ACLR knee following neuromuscular training. Owing to serious concerns with three or more GRADE domains (risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness or imprecision associated with the findings) for each outcome of interest across studies, the certainty of evidence was very low.

    Conclusions The heterogeneity of interventions, methodological limitations, inconsistency of effects (on JPS/TTDPM/QFC) preclude recommendation of one optimal neuromuscular training intervention for improving proprioception following ACL injury in clinical practice. There is a need for methodologically robust RCTs with homogenous populations with ACL injury (managed conservatively or with reconstruction), novel/well-designed neuromuscular training and valid proprioception assessments, which also seem to be lacking.

    PROSPERO registration number CRD42018107349.

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  • 29.
    Arvidsson, Inger
    et al.
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Hansson, Gert-Åke
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Skerfving, Staffan
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    Changes in physical workload with implementation of mouse-based information technology in air traffic control2006In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 36, no 7, p. 613-622Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Effects on physical workload were quantified when introducing new information technology in air traffic control. Seven female and seven male air traffic controllers were studied in an old control system, and during simulated - but similar - work in a new, mouse-based system. Postures, movements and muscular load were recorded (inclinometry for head, neck, back and upper arms; goniometry for wrists; electromyography for the trapezius and forearm extensor muscles). The new system was associated with lower movement velocities than the old one (examples; [50th percentiles] head flexion: 2 vs. 5 o/s, P<0.01; right arm elevation: 3 vs. 6 o/s; P<0.01; [90th percentile] wrist flexion: 19 vs. 50 o/s, P<0.01), less varying postures (head: 95th-5th percentile range 17° vs. 34o; P<0.01), and less muscular rest in the right forearm extensors (3.5 vs. 9% of time; P<0.05). The old/new system differences were amplified at high work intensities. The new air traffic control system caused a major change of physical exposures, probably associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders in arms and hands.

    Relevance to industry

    While this study concerned the specific changes in the introduction of a new air traffic control system, we believe that the findings are applicable to similar technological developments in other settings.

  • 30.
    Axelsson, Anna-Karin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Nygren, Elin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Relationen mellan flexibel arbetstid och inre arbetsmotivation.2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of flexible working hourspredicts intrinsic work motivation. A web-based survey containing 28 questions was sent to152 officials in a public organization, a total of 80 respondents participated in the survey. Tomeasure intrinsic work motivation, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work(BPNS-W) scale was used. It contains measures of autonomy, competence and relatednessand is based on self-determination theory (SDT). The results showed that the use of flexibleworking hours significantly predicts the dimensions of autonomy, competence and relatednessthat lead to intrinsic work motivation. The conclusion of the study was that the use of flexibleworking hours can predict intrinsic work motivation to some extent.

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  • 31.
    Axén, Iben
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Björk Brämberg, Elisabeth
    Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Karolinska Institutet.
    Vaez, Marjan
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Lundin, Andreas
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Bergström, Gunnar
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Karolinska Institutet.
    Interventions for common mental disorders in the occupational health service: a systematic review with a narrative synthesis2020In: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, ISSN 0340-0131, E-ISSN 1432-1246, Vol. 93, no 7, p. 823-838Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Common mental disorders (CMD) are leading causes of decreased workability in Sweden and worldwide. Effective interventions to prevent or treat such disorders are important for public health.

    Objective

    To synthesize the research literature regarding occupational health service (OHS) interventions targeting prevention or reduction of CMD among employees. The effect on workability (sickness absence, return-to-work and self-reported workability) and on CMD symptoms was evaluated in a narrative analysis.

    Data sources

    The literature search was performed in four electronic databases in two searches, in 2014 and in 2017.

    Eligibility criteria (using PICO)

    Population: studies investigating employees at risk or diagnosed with CMD, as well as preventive workplace intervention targeting mental health. Intervention: studies where the recruitment or the intervention was delivered by the OHS or OHS personnel were included. Control: individuals or groups who did not receive the target intervention. Outcome: all types of outcomes concerning sickness absence and psychological health were included.

    Study quality was assessed using a Swedish AMSTAR-based checklist, and results from studies with low or medium risk of bias were narratively synthesized based on effect or absence thereof.

    Results

    Thirty-three studies were included and assessed for risk of bias. Twenty-one studies had low or medium risk of bias. In 18 studies, rehabilitation interventions were evaluated, 11 studies concerned interventions targeting employees at risk for developing CMD and four studies investigated preventive interventions. Work-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving skill interventions decreased time to first return-to-work among employees on sick leave for CMD in comparison with treatment-as-usual. However, effect on return to full-time work was not consistent, and these interventions did not consistently improve CMD symptoms. Selective interventions targeting employees at risk of CMD and preventive interventions for employees were heterogeneous, so replication of these studies is necessary to evaluate effect.

    Limitations

    Other workplace interventions outside the OHS may have been missed by our search. There was considerable heterogeneity in the included studies, and most studies were investigating measures targeting the individual worker. Interventions at the workplace/organizational level were less common.

    Conclusions and implication of key findings

    Return-to-work and improvement of CMD symptoms are poorly correlated and should be addressed simultaneously in future interventions. Further, interventions for CMD administered through the occupational health service require further study. Rehabilitative and preventive strategies should be evaluated with scientifically robust methods, to examine the effectiveness of such interventions.

  • 32.
    Bakken, Anders Galaasen
    et al.
    Karolinska institutet.
    Eklund, Andreas
    Karolinska institutet.
    Warnqvist, Anna
    Karolinska institutet.
    O’Neill, Søren
    University Hospital of Southern Denmark.
    Hallman, David
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Axén, Iben
    Karolinska institutet.
    Are changes in pain associated with changes in heart rate variability in patients treated for recurrent or persistent neck pain?2022In: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, E-ISSN 1471-2474, Vol. 23, no 1, article id 895Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Persistent or recurrent neck pain is associated with perturbations in the autonomic nervous system balance, and nociceptive stimulation has been seen to influence this balance. However, very few prospective studies have addressed the extent to which changes in pain associate with changes in autonomic cardiac regulation. Therefore, we investigated if changes in pain vary with changes in heart rate variability in a cohort of patients treated for persistent or recurrent neck pain.

    Method

    This analysis is based on data from a randomized controlled trial in which participants were given home stretching exercises with or without spinal manipulative therapy for two weeks. As the effectiveness of the intervention (home stretching exercises and spinal manipulative therapy) was found to be equal to the control (home stretching exercises alone), all 127 participants were studied as one cohort in this analysis. During the intervention, pain levels were recorded using daily text messages, and heart rate variability was measured in the clinics three times over two weeks. Two approaches were used to classify patients based on changes in pain intensity: 1) Clinically important changes in pain were categorized as either "improved" or "not improved" and, 2) Pain development was measured using pain trajectories, constructed in a data driven approach. The association of pain categories and trajectories with changes in heart rate variability indices over time were then analysed using linear mixed models.

    Results

    Heart rate variability did not differ significantly between improved and not-improved patients, nor were there any associations with the different pain trajectories.

    Conclusions

    In conclusion, changes in pain after home stretching exercises with or without spinal manipulative therapy over two weeks were not significantly associated with changes in heart rate variability for patients with persistent or recurrent neck pain. Future studies should rely on more frequent measurements of HRV during longer treatment periods.

    Trial registrationThe trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT03576846.

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  • 33.
    Barbieri, Dechristian
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos,.
    Brusaca, Luiz Augusto
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos,.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos,.
    Effects of time in sitting and standing on pleasantness, acceptability, fatigue and pain when using a sit-stand table: an experiment on overweight and normal-weight subjects2020In: Journal of Physical Activity and Health, ISSN 1543-3080, E-ISSN 1543-5474, Vol. 17, no 12, p. 1222-1230Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Sit-stand desks have been suggested as an initiative to increase posture variation among office workers. However, there is limited evidence of what would be preferable combinations of time sitting and standing. The aim of this study was to determine and compare perceived pleasantness, acceptability, pain and fatigue for five time patterns of sitting and standing at a sit-stand desk.

    Methods: Thirty post-graduate students were equally divided into a normal-weight (mean BMI 22.8 kg/m2) and an overweight/obese (mean BMI 28.1 kg/m2) group. They performed 3 hours of computer work at a sit-stand desk on five different days, each day with a different time pattern (A: 60-min sit/0-min stand; B: 50/10; C: 40/20; D: 30/30; E: 20/40). Pleasantness, acceptability, pain and fatigue ratings were obtained at the beginning and at the end of the 3-hour period.

    Results: High ratings of pleasantness were observed for time patterns B, C and D in both groups. All participants rated acceptability to be good for time patterns A to D. A minor increase in perceived fatigue and pain was observed in time pattern E.

    Conclusion: For new sit-stand desk users, regardless of BMI, 10-30 min of standing per hour appears to be an amenable time pattern.

  • 34.
    Barbieri, Dechristian
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Brusaca, Luiz Augusto
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Srinivasan, Divya
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, USA.
    Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Effects on variation in shoulder, forearm and low back muscle activity from combining seated computer work with other productive office tasks: Results from a simulation study2022In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 65, no 6, p. 815-827Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect on muscle activity variation of combining different office tasks is not known. We recorded electromyography from the upper trapezius (UT), wrist extensor (WE) and lumbar erector spinae (LES) in 24 office workers during five productive tasks, and breaks. Minute-to-minute variance was then estimated, by simulations, in a reference ‘job’ consisting of 85% sitting computer work and 15% breaks, and in ‘jobs’ where sitting computer work was replaced by different proportions of the other office tasks and breaks. Replacing sitting computer work with sitting non-computer work increased estimated variance by, in median, 23% (UT), 19% (WE) and 0% (LES). Replacing it by other tasks, in particular standing computer work and non-desk work, was less effective in increasing variance. Thus, some combinations of office tasks have a slight potential to increase muscle activity variation in the shoulder and lower arm, but not the lumbar back, while others will be ineffective.

  • 35.
    Barbieri, Dechristian
    et al.
    Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Brusaca, Luiz Augusto
    Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Srinivasan, Divya
    Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
    Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
    Laboratory of Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos.
    To Which Extent do Combinations of Office Tasks Influence Variation in Upper Extremity Muscle Activity? A Simulation Study2021In: Proceedings of the International Ergonomics Association conference 2021, 2021Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 36.
    Barbieri, Dechristian
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Brusaca, Luiz
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Srinivasan, Divya
    Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University.
    Do sit-stand tables affect physical behavior and body composition similarly in normal-weight and overweight office workers? A pilot study2023In: IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, ISSN 2472-5838Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: A sit-stand table (SST) at work may help office workers shorten and break up sitting by periods of standing. However, it is not clear whether SST use influences sitting at and outside work to similar extents among normal-weight and overweight office workers, and whether it can change body composition.

    Purpose: To investigate if introducing SSTs affects physical behavior and body composition similarly in normal-weight and overweight office workers.

    Methods: In this pilot intervention study, physical behavior and body composition were evaluated and compared between normal-weight (n=8) and overweight (n=14) office workers, both before and after using a SST for 6 months. Time spent sitting, standing, and moving was recorded using a triaxial thigh accelerometer during work and leisure. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine fat, lean, and bone mass. Physical behavior and body composition data were both processed using compositional data analysis.

    Results: The intervention was similarly effective for normal weight and overweight workers in changing physical behavior during work, mainly by reducing sitting time and increasing standing time, while no effects were seen during leisure. We found no effect of the intervention on body composition.

    Conclusion: A sit-stand table intervention for 6 months changed physical behaviors at work to a similar extent among normal weight and overweight office workers. No compensatory behaviors were observed during leisure, and the intervention had no significant effects on body composition.

  • 37.
    Barbieri, Dechristian
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos.
    Srinivasan, Divya
    Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos.
    Neck, trunk, and upper arm posture variation during computer work at a sit-stand table in a real work setting2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Computer work is generally associated with constrained postures and sedentary behaviors. Sit-stand tables have been suggested as an effective intervention to promote changes in gross body posture, and thus reduce sitting. However, few studies have addressed to what extent sit-stand table usage affects posture variation in other body regions. The aim of this study was to examine neck, trunk and arm postures among office workers with access to sit-stand tables.

    Methods: Twenty-four office workers (16 females, 8 males; mean age 41 (SD9) years) participated. At entry, workers received sit-stand tables, which were then used for two months. Neck and trunk flexion, and right upper arm elevation (RUA) was recorded on three consecutive days, two hours/day, during the last week of table use. Minute-to-minute variability for the three postures during sitting (CWsit) and standing (CWstand) computer work was obtained for each participant. Job variance ratios (JVR) were calculated for the actual work, and for other combinations of CWsit and CWstand by simulation1.

    Results: CWsit and CWstand were performed for 72% and 28% of the time spent at the computer. Minute-to-minute variability was larger in CWsit than in CWstand for all three postures, and the difference CWsit-CWstand was largest for RUA [median 1.7 (IQR −0.2–1.7)º], followed by trunk [1.6 (0.9–3.0)º] and neck [0.9 (0.0–3.1)º]. During actual work, JVR was between 1 and 3 for most participants. Simulations suggested that maximum variability would occur at a combination of 40–80% CWsit and 20–60% CWstand.

    Conclusion: Neck, trunk and arm posture variation during computer work can be increased by manipulating proportions of time spent sitting and standing at a sit-stand table. The tentative “optimal” proportions reported here could be a benchmark for occupational health professionals.

  • 38.
    Barbieri, Dechristian
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Srinivasan, Divya
    Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos.
    Variation in upper extremity, neck and trunk postures when performing computer work at a sit-stand station2019In: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 75, p. 120-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to determine the extent of upper arm, neck and trunk posture variation that can be obtained by combining seated and standing computer work, compared to performing only seated computer work. Posture data were recorded for two hours during each of three days of ordinary work from 24 office workers that had been using a sit-stand station for two months. Periods with sitting and standing computer work were identified using on-site observations, and posture means and minute-to-minute variance were determined for both. Expected minute-to-minute posture variability in different temporal combinations of sitting and standing computer work were determined by simulation, and expressed in terms of a Job Variance Ratio, i.e. the relative increase in variability compared to sitting-only work. For all three postures, mean values differed between sitting and standing computer work, and both showed a notable minute-to-minute variability. For most workers, posture variability was larger when combining sitting and standing than when sitting only, and simulations suggested to introduce more standing than what the worker currently practiced. The results indicate that introducing a sit-stand table could, for most office workers, have a positive effect on upper arm, neck and trunk posture variability.

  • 39.
    Barbieri, Dechristian
    et al.
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos.
    Srinivasan, Divya
    Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Oliveira, Ana Beatriz
    Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos.
    Variation in upper trapezius and wrist extensor EMG among office workers during sit-stand table use in a real work setting2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Computer work is generally associated with constrained postures and low muscular demands. Sit-stand tables have been suggested as an effective initiative to change working postures during computer work, but the effect of this intervention on muscle activation has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to document variation in shoulder-arm muscle activation among office workers using sit-stand tables.

    Methods: Twenty-four office workers (16 females, 8 males; age 41±9 years) participated. At entry, workers received sit-stand tables and ergonomics information, and then used the table for two months. Muscle activity of right and left upper trapezius and wrist extensors (RUT, LUT, RWE and LWE, respectively) was recorded during three consecutive days (two hours each day) in the last week of sit-stand table usage. Periods of computer work in sitting and standing positions (CWsit and CWstand, respectively) were identified by on-site observation, and synchronized with the EMG recordings. Variability (min-min SD across 1-minute bins, %MVE) was calculated for each EMG recording in CWsit and CWstand.

    Results: During the 62 minutes of EMG recorded during computer work, CWsit was performed for 72% and CWstand for 28% of the time. The mean minute-to-minute variability of trapezius EMG was larger (P<0.05) during CWsit (RUT 3.9 (SD between workers 1.6) %MVE; LUT 3.9 (SD 2.3) %MVE) than CWstand (RUT 3.0 (SD 1.5) %MVE; LUT 3.2 (SD 1.9) %MVE). The mean minute-to minute variability in RWE was also larger during CWsit (3.3 (SD 1.4) %MVE) than CWstand (2.9 (SD 1.3) %MVE). For LWE, variability did not differ between CWsit and CWstand.

    Conclusion: Sitting and standing computer work was associated with different extents of variation in shoulder-arm muscle activity. Thus, sit-stand tables may introduce beneficial exposure variation into the work of office employees.

  • 40.
    Beard, Julia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Tedenlind, Caroline
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Kompetensbrist och Generation Y’s förväntningar utmanar IT-företag i arbetet med employer branding: Vikten av att bemöta förväntningarna för att attrahera och behålla personal2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to examine, through qualitative method, how companies within the IT industry work with employer branding to respond to Generation Y's expectations. The study was conducted using eight semi-structured interviews with respondents from four different companies within the IT industry in Central Sweden. The collected data from the interviews was analyzed by means of inductive thematic analysis and four main themes emerged. The main themes were; A new generation with new expectations in the workplace, Importance of a strong organizational culture, Particularly regarding the IT industry and Continuously work with employer branding. The result showed that companies are aware of differences between different generations expectations and work actively with employer branding in order to fulfil the employees psychological contract. Furthermore, the result showed that companies faced many challenges in the dynamic IT industry and the fact that an employee's psychological contract and expectations change over time

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  • 41.
    Bengtsson, Hanna
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Norstedt, Caroline
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences.
    Arbetsgivarvarumärket inom en kommun: Vad är en attraktiv arbetsgivare?2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to, in collaboration with a municipality in Central Sweden, carry out a study on the municipality's work regarding their employer brand and the experience of an attractive employer. This has been examined from the perspective of the employer and the employees. The study was conducted with a qualitative method and was based on semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. In the result, various themes emerged from each question. The themes that emerged regarding how the municipality works with its employer brand were the Municipality's brand and the overall Values. The themes that emerged about the issue of what characterizes an attractive employer according to the employees were Colleagues and supportive managers, Work environment and security, Personal development, Opportunity to influence, change and contribute, Staff welfare, Communication and structure, and Orientation. The themes that emerged according to the municipality's representatives were Supportive managers and communication, Personal development and the opportunity to influence, and Work content. The employer's and employees' perception of an attractive employer turned out to have many common themes. However, the employees highlighted additional themes. The themes present in the study for being an attractive employer matched well with the view of a strong employer brand, which strengthened the purpose of the study.

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  • 42.
    Berg, Josefine
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Einarsson, Julia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Hur HR-anställda inom privat sektor arbetar med det psykosociala arbetsmiljöarbetet2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Psychosocial work environment should be highly prioritized in the organization’s daily agenda. The aim of this qualitative study was to find out how Human resources employees in the private sectors work with the psychosocial work environment issues. This study has a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. A total of six Human resources employees were interviewed. The gathered data was analyzed through Braun & Clarke’s (2013) model for thematic analyze. The data from the interviews was transcribed and themes were created as a result. Three main categories were found; Human resource employee’s definition of psychosocial work environment, Human resource employee’s work with the psychosocial work environment and why the work with the psychosocial work environment is important. Within these three main chapters there are a few themes and sub themes. Factors that was found to be important were social support, good leadership and a welcoming culture in the organization. One of the conclusions with this study was that the organization’s work with the psychosocial work environment was relatively extensive but at the same time some flaws where found.

    Keywords: Psychosocial work environment, Human resource management, Proactive work, Social support.

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  • 43.
    Bergdahl, Magne Sthen
    et al.
    Umeå University; Norrlands University Hospital, Umeå.
    Crenshaw, Albert G.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Hedlund, Eva Rylander
    Karolinska institutet.
    Sjöberg, Gunnar
    Karolinska institutet.
    Rydberg, Annika
    Umeå University.
    Sandberg, Camilla
    Umeå University.
    Calf muscle oxygenation is impaired and may decline with age in young patients with total cavopulmonary connection2022In: Pediatric Cardiology, ISSN 0172-0643, E-ISSN 1432-1971, Vol. 43, p. 449-456Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Patients palliated with Total Cavopulmonary Connection have a lower muscle mass and a lower exercise capacity. We assessed calf muscle oxidative metabolism during and after heel raise exercise to exhaustion in young patients with TCPC compared to healthy peers. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used for measuring oxygen metabolism in the medial portion of the gastrocnemius muscle. Forty-three patients with TCPC, aged 6-18 years, were compared with 43 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Subgroups were formed to include children (6-12 years) and adolescents (13-18 years) to determine if these age groups influenced the results. During exercise, for the patients compared to controls there was a lower increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin (oxygen extraction) (5.13 ± 2.99au vs. 7.75 ± 4.15au, p = 0.001) and a slower rate of change in total hemoglobin (blood volume) (0.004 ± 0.015au vs 0.016 ± 0.01au, p = 0.001). Following exercise, patients exhibited a slower initial increase in tissue oxygenation saturation index (0.144 ± 0.11au vs 0.249 ± 0.226au, p = 0.007) and a longer half-time to maximum hyperemia (23.7 ± 11.4 s vs 16.8 ± 7.5 s, p = 0.001). On the subgroup level, the adolescents differed compared to healthy peers, whereas the children did not. Young patients with TCPC had impaired oxidative metabolism during exercise and required a longer time to recover. In that the differences were seen in the adolescent group and not in the children group may indicate a declining function with age.

  • 44.
    Berglund, Emma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Håkansson, Andrea
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Grundskollärares upplevelse av det psykologiska kontraktet och dess inverkan på intentionen att avsluta anställningen2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine how the psychological contract relates to the intention to quit the employment (ITQ) of professional primary school teachers. In addition to this, the purpose was to examine which form of contract in the psychological contract that most strongly predicts ITQ. A quantitative study was conducted, of which a digital survey was distributed via email to principals and/- or deputy principals for 312 municipal schools in Sweden and was shared on the social platform Meta as well. The survey was based on The Psychological Contract Inventory (PCI) by Rousseau and the Turnover Intention Scale - 6 items (TIS-6) by Roodt. The data collection generated 80 questionnaire responses which were then used for analysis through a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that all four forms of contracts: transactional, relational, balanced and transitional contracts explained a larger part of the variance in ITQ. The balanced contract and the transitional contract were significant predictors of which the transactional contract and relational contract were not significant. The transitional contract predicted ITQ to the highest degree. 

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  • 45.
    Berglund, Erik
    et al.
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Anderzén, Ingrid
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Andersén, Åsa
    Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Lindberg, Per
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Work-life balance predicted work ability two years later: A cohort study of employees in the Swedish energy and water sector2021In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 21, no 1, article id 1212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Work-life balance (WLB) is the extent to which individual’s multiple life roles and demands carry over between each role. WLB can be divided into work interference with personal life (WIPL) and personal life interference with work (PLIW). This study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations between WIPL, PLIW and work ability outcomes.

    Methods In this cohort study, 224 employees in the energy and water sector in Sweden were followed-up over 2 years. Three questions derived from the Work Ability Index were used for measuring work ability outcome: current work ability compared with lifetime best; work ability regarding physical; and mental demands. Logistic regression models were used to analyse longitudinal associations between work ability and WIPL and WIPL respectively, controlling for workplace (company), position at work, experience of leadership quality, demographics, and work ability.

    Results Work ability compared to lifetime best were associated with WIPL in the adjusted logistic regression models (odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.73), and PLIW (OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.66–6.74). Work ability regarding physical demands was associated with WIPL (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.07–2.40). Work ability regarding mental demands was associated with WIPL (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.03–2.44) and PLIW (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.31–6.32).

    Conclusion In this two-year longitudinal study, lower WIPL predicted good/excellent overall work ability compared with lifetime best, higher work ability regarding physical and mental demands, and lower PLIW predicted good/excellent overall work ability compared with lifetime best and higher work ability regarding and mental demands.

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  • 46.
    Bergner, Malin
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Eriksson, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Hur narrativt berättande påverkar mottagandet av skriftlig intern kommunikation2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to investigate how a written internal message is perceived by a recipient depending on whether the message is phrased positive or negative, and whether the message is strictly fact-based or presented in a narrative. This study was conducted through digital surveys which were sent to the recipient via social media. The questionnaire contained four different texts, two messages were presented in a narrative and two were strictly fact-based. Further, the messages are designed in the way that two messages have a negative message and the other two are designed with positive messages. The questions in the survey are designed to answer whether the reception is affected by text status (rhetorical vs. factual) and whether differences exist between the valence (positive vs. negatively charged message). Reception was measured on a Likert scale based on the dimensions of openness, understanding and clarity. The result shows that the rhetorically enriched message was better received, regardless of whether the message was positive or negative.

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  • 47.
    Bergqvist, Emelie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Vikström, Olivia
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Sambandet mellan utmattning och arbetsrelaterade krav samt arbetsrelaterade resurser hos förskolepersonal: En korrelationell enkätstudie vid en kommun i Sverige2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate whether job-demands and resources could predict exhaustion in Swedish preschool personnel (N = 114). The study was done using a quantitative method where the validated questionnaires COPSOQ III and KUS-26 were used to gather the data. Using 3 hierarchical multiple regression analyzes the present study showed that job-demands and resources could predict exhaustion. Job demands could positively predict exhaustion. However, job resources could not on its own predict exhaustion when occurring in the same model as job demands. The present study showed that emotional and quantitative demands were the types of demands that could positively predict exhaustion. Social support from supervisor was the only type of resource that could negatively predict exhaustion. In conclusion, the study showed that for Swedish preschool personnel, high job demands are a greater risk factors for exhaustion than lacking job resources.

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  • 48.
    Bergqvist, Gisela
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology.
    Vem är jag nu?: Identitetens påverkan hos unga vuxna som vuxit upp som Jehovas Vittnen och blivit uteslutna2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to examine how the identity of young adults raised within Jehovah's Witnesses is affected by exclusion. This is based on the social identity theory and Marcia’s theory of the identity statuses in an identity development. The study was qualitative with semi-structured interviews with eight young adults formerly. Jehovah's Witnesses who grew up in the organization. The inductive thematic analysis yielded three main themes; In- and out-group thinking; subordination and obedience as well as incipient distancing and awakening. One of the results was that the participants had already learned an in- and out-group thinking as children. and that on the basis of this social identification, the participants' contact was limited to only spending time with the ingroup and avoiding contact with people in the outgroup. This had the effect of exclusion in the building of new social relationships, where they lacked a frame of reference on how to act in certain contexts, they did not know what was expected of them in society, they lacked the overall picture of society and its social interaction.

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  • 49.
    Bergsten, Eva L.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Ergonomic risk assessment of painters' work tasks - smoothing, sanding and painting2021Report (Other academic)
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  • 50.
    Bergsten, Eva L.
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research. Arbets- och miljömedicin.
    Anundi, Helena
    Rehfisch, Pia
    Palm, Peter
    Hälsoeffekter och förebyggande arbete vid vibrationsexponering i saneringsföretag2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den övergripande målsättningen med projektet var att få en ökad kunskap om hur saneringsföretag i Uppsala, Gävleborgs och Dalarnas län arbetar för att förebygga negativa hälsoeffekter av exponering av hand- arm vibrationer. Syftet med studien var att undersöka kunskapsläget angående risker med arbete med vibrerande verktyg, samarbetet med företagshälsovården och genomförande av medicinska kontroller hos saneringsföretag i regionen. Strukturerade telefonintervjuer med 15 saneringsföretag genomfördes. Ett samarbete med ett större saneringsföretag inleddes och medicinska undersökningar genomfördes på deras anställda av ergonom ute på arbetsplatsen. Aktiviteterna i projektet inspirerade företaget att själva initiera riskbedömningar och vibrationsmätningar som en start på ett eget förbättringsarbete. Intervjuerna visade att kunskapsläget i företagen angående regelverk och arbete med vibrerande verktyg var dåligt och trots att de flesta hade företagshälsovård så uttalades ett missnöje gentemot företagshälsovården angående stöd och information i dessa frågor. Bristfällig kunskap och svårigheter att tolka regelverket kan ligga bakom att det brister vad gäller riskbedömningar och lagstadgade medicinska kontroller i saneringsföretagen. Besvärsfrekvenserna i nacke och övre extremiteter hos sanerarna i det undersökta företaget var höga och det fanns också personer med tidiga tecken på kärl- och nervskador. Resultatet av det här projektet är ett litet komplement till den kunskap som redan finns på området men visar att det finns all anledning att lägga resurser på ett förebyggande arbete för den här yrkesgruppen som tidigare inte studerats i någon större utsträckning. Det finns ett outtalat behov av informations- och utbildningsinsatser på området som till stor del beror på okunskap hos företagen men kanske också hos företagshälsovården eftersom deras insatser ser ut att ha varit begränsade. En viktig följd av projektet var att det undersökta företaget på eget initiativ men med stöd av projektet initierade en arbetsgrupp och ett förebyggande arbete för att minska exponeringen för vibrationer. Detta arbete inkluderade riktlinjer för riskbedömningar och vibrationsmätningar av verktyg samt utbildning av ledning och personal. Projektets upplägg och innehåll lämpar sig således väl för att följas av företagshälsovård i deras arbete med att stötta sina kundföretag

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