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  • 1.
    Andersson, Jan
    et al.
    VTI, Sweden.
    Björklund, Gunilla
    VTI, Sweden.
    Wallén Warner, Henriette
    VTI, Sweden.
    Lättman, Katrin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology. Karlstad University, CTF - Service Research center and Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad, Sweden.
    Adell, Emeli
    Trivector, Sweden.
    The complexity of changes in modal choice: A quasi-experimental study2023In: Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, ISSN 1369-8478, E-ISSN 1873-5517, Vol. 96, p. 36-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Changes in modal choice is argued to be one way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Increasing modal choices in favour ofmore environmentally friendly travel modes requires a better understanding of how these choices are actually made. The first aim of this study istherefore to examine how modal choice is related to subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, and habit, both beforeand after an intervention promoting public transport. The second aim is to examine how modal choice is affected by the intervention. Finally, thethird aim is to examine how subjective experiences as perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, and habit are affected by the intervention.Method: The design used is a before- and after-study with free public travel passes as the intervention (30- or 14-days free travel pass). Altogether, 52travelers – distributed on two intervention groups and one control group – participated in the study. The 30-days free travel pass group constitutes18 participants, the 14-days free travel pass group constitutes 19 participants while the control group constitutes 15 participants. During the beforeperiodthe participants were asked to register their modal choice using a digitalized application downloaded on their smart phones (the TravelVuapp), to complete a short app-based questionnaire, and a web-based questionnaire. During the after-period, they were once again asked to registertheir modal choice and to complete a web-based questionnaire. All data collected were analyzed by variance or correlation analyses using thechange between before- and after period as the dependent variable.Results: The results show that walking was more common than the use of public transport and car, which in turn were more common than the use ofbicycle. Perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, general health, life quality as well as habit were all rated fairly high. Over time, the use ofpublic transport increased while the use of car decreased overall. With increased use of public transport, the perceived accessibility decreased, buton the other hand, the life quality increased. There was no difference in perceived accessibility, perceived satisfaction, or habit between the threegroups, but the participants became overall more satisfied with the standard of their experiences of their everyday travel (cognitive evaluation). Atthe same time, they became less reflective of their choice of travel mode and less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes during theafter- compared to the before period.Conclusion: The intervention did not affect the modal choice or the subjective experiences. Over time, the participants did however increase their useof public transport and their cognitive evaluation of their everyday travel overall, while they decreased their use of car and became less reflectiveand less interested in trying out new alternative travel modes. These changes might be attributed to their participation in the present study.

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  • 2.
    Andersson, Lina-Marie
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Olsson, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    ”Alla vet att rörelse är bra, så varför rör man sig inte?”: Medarbetares syn på rörelse, fysisk aktivitet och hur arbetsgivare bör arbeta för minskat stillasittande2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Office work usually involves prolonged sedentary behavior and health risks. The purpose of the present study was to investigate office workers' views on physical activity and how they believe their employers should work to reduce sedentary behavior. Theory of Planned Behavior and Self-Determination Theory were used as the theoretical framework. Seven qualitative interviews were conducted with office workers at a company in northern Sweden. The company has a strong culture of exercise and training as well as several health-promoting activities. Last year, a health survey indicated that many employees had back and neck problems. An inductive thematic analysis of the interviews showed that physical activity and movement are perceived as important for both physical and mental health. Factors such as habits and norms can constitute an obstacle to movement during the working day. If health interventions from the employer to counteract long periods of sitting are to be successful, they should be autonomous, performed jointly and easy to accomplish.

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  • 3.
    Andersson, Ronnie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Attributionsstil vid idrottsprestation2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study was to investigate differences in the attribution style of high school youth participating in elite sports in the event of adversity compared to success. The study examined differences between individual versus team sports as well as differences between women and men. A total of 209 athletes participated (76 women and 133 men), of which 85 were individual athletes and 124 were team athletes. The method consisted of a digital survey built on two situations; a period of adversity and a period of success. For both situations, internal attribution, stable attribution and perceived degree of influence were measured. The result showed significant differences between the situations, where the causal explanation in the case of success was described to a greater degree as being due to the practitioner himself (internal attribution) than in the case of failure. The degree of stable attribution was also higher in the case of success, meaning that the causal explanation was considered to persist in the future. Furthermore, the results showed that men more often use internal attributions, than woman do. And finally, it was shown that individual athletes used internal attributions to a greater extent compared to team athletes and also that individual athletes experience a higher degree of influence the situation.

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    Attributionsstil vid idrottsprestation
  • 4.
    Arnesson, Ebba
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Rylander, Natalie
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Personlighetens betydelse för arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbete under Covid-192021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of personality for the work experience of teleworking during Covid-19. The study also examined whether there were any differences in the work experience of teleworking depending on whether the telework was voluntary or forced. The study was a quantitative questionnaire study and the sample were white-collar workers who teleworked during Covid-19. To measure personality through the five-factor model, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was applied. The Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS) was used to measure work experience. The results showed a significant relationship between the predictors and the work experience of teleworking during Covid-19. The results showed that agreeableness had the highest effect on work experience of telework during Covid-19, whereas neuroticism and conscientiousness also proved to be predictors of work experience. However, extraversion, openness, gender, age and whether the telework was voluntary or forced showed a non-significant result.

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    Personlighetens betydelse för arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbete under Covid-19
  • 5.
    Beard, Julia
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Tedenlind, Caroline
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Kompetensbrist och Generation Y’s förväntningar utmanar IT-företag i arbetet med employer branding: Vikten av att bemöta förväntningarna för att attrahera och behålla personal2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to examine, through qualitative method, how companies within the IT industry work with employer branding to respond to Generation Y's expectations. The study was conducted using eight semi-structured interviews with respondents from four different companies within the IT industry in Central Sweden. The collected data from the interviews was analyzed by means of inductive thematic analysis and four main themes emerged. The main themes were; A new generation with new expectations in the workplace, Importance of a strong organizational culture, Particularly regarding the IT industry and Continuously work with employer branding. The result showed that companies are aware of differences between different generations expectations and work actively with employer branding in order to fulfil the employees psychological contract. Furthermore, the result showed that companies faced many challenges in the dynamic IT industry and the fact that an employee's psychological contract and expectations change over time

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  • 6.
    Berglund, Emma
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Håkansson, Andrea
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Grundskollärares upplevelse av det psykologiska kontraktet och dess inverkan på intentionen att avsluta anställningen2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine how the psychological contract relates to the intention to quit the employment (ITQ) of professional primary school teachers. In addition to this, the purpose was to examine which form of contract in the psychological contract that most strongly predicts ITQ. A quantitative study was conducted, of which a digital survey was distributed via email to principals and/- or deputy principals for 312 municipal schools in Sweden and was shared on the social platform Meta as well. The survey was based on The Psychological Contract Inventory (PCI) by Rousseau and the Turnover Intention Scale - 6 items (TIS-6) by Roodt. The data collection generated 80 questionnaire responses which were then used for analysis through a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that all four forms of contracts: transactional, relational, balanced and transitional contracts explained a larger part of the variance in ITQ. The balanced contract and the transitional contract were significant predictors of which the transactional contract and relational contract were not significant. The transitional contract predicted ITQ to the highest degree. 

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  • 7.
    Bergström, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    "Det har varit en tråkigare säsong": Elitidrottares upplevelser av förändring i motivation under våren och sommaren 2020 med Covid-19 pandemin2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In elite sports, motivation is described as an essential factor an athlete must have to undergo training and to do what is required to become the world’s best. Motivation can be examined using the Self-determination theory, where three basic needs: autonomy, relatedness and competence must be fulfilled to achieve intrinsic self-determined motivation. The purpose of this study was to investigate how motivation of elite athletes changed during the spring and summer 2020 when the Covid-19 pandemic put the sports world on paus with cancelled competitions and the postponement of the Olympics. Seven semi-structured interviews with elite athletes, competing in individual sports, were conducted, and analysed with a theoretical thematic analysis. This study concluded that the basic needs in motivation of elite athletes were experienced to be both positively and negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study contributes to an increased understanding of the needs of elite athletes during the pandemic and in which areas they need extra support.

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  • 8.
    Boman, Tomas
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Social Work and Criminology, Social Work.
    Kjellberg, Anders
    Danermark, Berth
    Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    The need of support and adaptation in the workplace among persons with different types of disabilities and reduced work ability2020In: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, ISSN 1501-7419, E-ISSN 1745-3011, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 253-264Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed to examine support and adaptation needed by persons with four different types of disabilities, either at their workplace or in order to enter the labour market. A secondary analysis was conducted, based on the regular labour market survey (AKU), and an additional survey which included questions specifically posed to persons with disabilities. All participants had either partly or very reduced work ability. There was more need for adaptation than for support, independently of work ability and current employment status. Around 60% of respondents with a psychological disability reported a need for adapted work pace and working time, both at their workplace and in order to enter the labour market. Adapted work tasks were an important factor, especially for persons who were not currently working; around half of the non-employed participants said this adaptation could make it possible for them to work, regardless of type of disability.

  • 9.
    Brehmer, Henrik
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Larsson, Jasmine
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Prokrastinering hos studenter: - I vilken utsträckning kan upplevd stress och personlighetsdragen i femfaktormodellen predicera prokrastinering hos studenter som läser gymnasiekurser.2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which perceived stress affects the procrastination of students who take Upper Secondary School courses online and whether personality traits (Big Five) affects procrastination. The study was conducted using a survey based on the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI). 56 students participated in the survey, of which the majority were women. The result showed that the students who tend to procrastinate have a higher degree of perceived stress, and that the personality traits conscientiousness and kindness correlateed negatively with procrastination. 

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    Prokrastinering hos studenter, Brehmer, H., och Larsson, J.
  • 10. Butler, A
    et al.
    Sarlöv Herlin, I
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Ode Sang, Å
    Åkerskog, A
    Landscape up in smoke2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11. Butler, A
    et al.
    Sarlöv Herlin, I
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Ångman, E
    Ode Sang, Å
    Åkerskog, A
    The impact of a lowland forest fire on landscape identity2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 12. Butler, A
    et al.
    Åkerskog, A
    Sarlöv-Herlin, I
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Sang, Å
    Ångman, E
    Landscape character before and after a forest fire: subjective perceptions and objective descriptions2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 13. Butler, A
    et al.
    Åkerskog, A
    Sarlöv-Herlin, I
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Sang, Å
    Ångman, E
    Recreational foraging as a means for (re)creating relations to the landscape before and after a forest fire2018Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 14.
    Butler, Andrew
    et al.
    Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Åkerskog, Ann
    Field Forest Research Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Sarlöv Herlin, Ingrid
    Institutionen för landskapsarkitektur, planering och förvaltning, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
    Ode Sang, Åsa
    Institutionen för landskapsarkitektur, planering och förvaltning, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
    Ångman, Elin
    Institutionen för Stad och Land, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Foraging for identity: the relationships between landscape activities and landscape identity after catastrophic landscape change2019In: Landscape research, ISSN 0142-6397, E-ISSN 1469-9710, Vol. 44, no 3, p. 303-319Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, we deal with landscape activities in relation to changing landscape identity after a major wildfire in Sweden in 2014. The aim was to investigate the relationships between 22 landscape activities (before the fire) and 2 components (emotion and cognition) of landscape identity (before and after the fire). A total of 656 respondents living nearby the fire area participated in this study. Before the fire, a positive association was found between the activities of enjoying nature and foraging, and both components of landscape identity. This suggests that the more participants enjoyed nature and picked berries and mushrooms, the stronger their attachment to the landscape (emotion), and the more they remembered and reasoned about the landscape (cognition). Post fire, these relationships were found only between the two components of landscape identity and foraging. This implies a significant role of this type of activity for keeping alive' landscape identity.

  • 15.
    Butler, Andrew
    et al.
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Ångman, Elin
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Ode Sang, Åsa
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Sarlöv-Herlin, Ingrid
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Åkerskog, A.
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    “There will be mushrooms again” – Foraging, landscape and forest fire2021In: Journal of Outdoor Recreation, ISSN 2213-0780, E-ISSN 2213-0799, Vol. 33, article id 100358Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we address the relevance of recreational foraging, picking berries and mushrooms, for developing connection to nature and what happens when that practice is interrupted by drastic landscape change. We use the site of the largest forest fire in modern Swedish history as a case to examining the relevance of foraging. In previous studies, positive associations have been observed between the activity of picking berries and mushrooms with landscape-identity prior to forest fires. The results suggest that the more participants enjoyed foraging, the stronger their attachment to the landscape as well as memories and reasoning about the landscape. These relationships remainedafter the area has been drastically altered by fire, implying a significant role of foraging for keeping “alive” the positive feelings and memories of the forest landscape. Through questionnaires and semistructured interviews, we examine why individuals forage, what foraging meant for them before the event and how they relate to the landscape and foraging after the fire. Our findings suggest that these connections are built on an interplay between place, practice and intimate knowledge. We conclude that foraging play an essential role in defining and developing connections to landscape which can act as the basis for stewardship of the landscape. Management implications: • In order to facilitate reconnection to the landscape after a forest fire there is a need to understand how individuals and communities related to the landscape before the fire. • Foraging will always be reliant on issues of access, and specific management regimes. • Cultural values and small-scale activities play an essential role in defining and developing connections to landscape. Connections which can ultimately inform a sense of responsibility and stewardship. • Activities such as foraging are reliant on more than just the affordance provided by the physical and visual character of a landscape.

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  • 16.
    Chamoun, Dalal
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Upplevda samband mellan användning av sociala medier och psykiskt välbefinnande2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to examine the experience of social media use and its psychological effect on the subjective well-being. This was examined through qualitativ method by studying the social media use among ten individuals consisting of five women and five men in ages 18-30 and documenting their experiences. People in all ages use social media daily, and statistics has shown that using social media frequently results in mental illness such as depression, anxiety and decreased lust of living. The results of this study showed that the participants experienced feelings of depression, anxiety and impaired self-esteem due to comparisons with other users and the pressure of showing a fasad to have their identity confirmed.

    Keywords: Subjective well-being, social media, mental illness

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    Upplevda samband mellan användning av sociala medier och psykiskt välbefinnande
  • 17.
    Cornell Kärnekull, Stina
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Arshamian, Artin
    Stockholm University; Karolinska Institute.
    Willander, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Jönsson, Fredrik U.
    Stockholm University.
    Nilsson, Mats E.
    Stockholm University.
    Larsson, Maria
    Stockholm University.
    The reminiscence bump is blind to blindness: Evidence from sound- and odor-evoked autobiographical memory2020In: Consciousness and Cognition, ISSN 1053-8100, E-ISSN 1090-2376, Vol. 78, article id 102876Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The reminiscence bump is the disproportionally high reporting of autobiographical memories from adolescence and early adulthood and is typically observed when memories are evoked by cues, such as words, pictures, and sounds. However, when odors are used the bump shifts to early childhood. Although these findings indicate that sensory modality affects the bump, the influence of the individual’s sensory function on the reminiscence bumps is unknown. We examined the reminiscence bumps of sound- and odor-evoked autobiographical memories of early blind and sighted individuals, since early blindness implies considerable effects on sensory experience. Despite differences in sensory experience between blind and sighted individuals, the groups displayed similar age distributions of both sound- and odor-evoked memories. The auditory bump spanned the first two decades of life, whereas the olfactory bump was once again found in early childhood. These results demonstrate that the reminiscence bumps are robust to fundamental differences in sensory experience.

  • 18.
    De Vos, Jonas
    et al.
    University College London.
    Lättman, Katrin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Prichard, Edward
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    van der Vlugt, Anna-Lena
    ILS Research gGmbH.
    Welsch, Janina
    ILS Research gGmbH.
    Otsuka, Noriko
    ILS Research gGmbH.
    Analysing the determinants of perceived walkability and its effects on walking (satisfaction): World conference on Transport Research, Montreal, 20 July 20232023Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 19.
    De Vos, Jonas
    et al.
    Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, UK.
    Lättman, Katrin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    van der Vlugt, Anna-Lena
    ILS – Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany.
    Welsch, Janina
    ILS – Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany.
    Otsuka, Noriko
    ILS – Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Dortmund, Germany.
    Determinants and effects of perceived walkability: a literature review, conceptual model and research agenda2023In: Transport reviews, ISSN 0144-1647, E-ISSN 1464-5327, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 303-324Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For decades, accessibility – i.e. the ease of reaching destinations – has been an important concept in transport planning, resulting in many studies trying to measure it and put it into practice. Also walkability, a mode-specific type of accessibility referring to how easy it is to walk (to destinations) received increased attention in the last two decades. In recent years, a new focus has been on how people perceive their accessibility as this may be a stronger predictor of travel behaviour than objective elements of accessibility (such as built environment characteristics). Perceived walkability, i.e. how walk-friendly people experience a certain area, however, has only been explored by a limited number of studies. In this review paper, we give an overview of existing studies analysing perceived walkability, which mostly have focused on its effects on walking frequency/duration, physical activity and various aspects of mental well-being. Based on this literature review, a conceptual model is created, emphasising the determinants and effects of perceived walkability and how it is related to objective walkability. We end this paper by providing avenues for further research, including the introduction of a Short Perceived Walkability Scale (SPWS) and recommendations for data collection and analysis. Doing so can create new insights into perceived walkability and links with related elements, and therefore can contribute to stimulating walking trips and improving the experience of these trips.

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  • 20.
    Eliasson, Andreas
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Carlsson, Måns
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Kontorsanställdas upplevelse av work-life balance vid tvingande distansarbete: En kvalitativ studie om balansen mellan privat- och arbetsliv vid ofrivilligt distansarbete2022Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Covid-19 pandemic had a big impact on employees around the world. To reduce the spread of infection, several on-site works was transferred to remote work, where the household was suddenly transformed into a workplace. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine eight employees' experience of the balance between private and working life during the urgent transition to work from home. The transcribed material was analyzed with an inductive thematic analysis that resulted in main themes named as follows (subthemes are named in parentheses): Demarcation and segmentation in compulsory remote work (workplace at home, strategies for distinguishing between private- and working life and private- and professional role), flexible working hours (breaks at work) and social aspects (support). The study showed that the informants implemented different strategies and structures to achieve a demarcation between private and working life. Some through more focus on the environment. And others through precise working time regulations. Overall, the informants have had a positive attitude towards working at a distance, apart from negative experiences regarding social aspects.

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  • 21.
    Eliasson, Ingegärd
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Fredholm, Susanne
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Gustavsson, Eva
    Göteborgs universitet.
    The Need to Articulate Historic and Cultural Dimensions of Landscapes in Sustainable Environmental Planning - A Swedish Case Study2022In: Land, E-ISSN 2073-445X, Vol. 11, no 11, article id 915Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ignoring the historic and cultural dimensions of landscapes makes environmental planning unsustainable, which in the long run, will have a negative impact on both the environment and society. This paper examines the work and perceptions of practitioners with a focus on the role of historic and cultural landscape dimensions and their relation to the recent implementation of the ecosystem service framework in sustainable environmental planning. Semi-structured interviews with officials at local and regional planning levels in a Swedish case study showed that the historical landscape forms the basis for environmental work. Respondents expressed an integrated view of the landscape, and historic and cultural landscape dimensions were considered important in the initial planning process. However, several challenges existed later in the planning process and final decision-making, such as conceptual ambiguities, unclear policy and assignments, limited cross-sectorial coordination and lack of awareness, knowledge, resources and other priorities. The results also show that the respondents worked regularly with intangible landscape dimensions, which can be defined as cultural ecosystem services, but they do not label them as such. Furthermore, established knowledge and expertise of heritage planning was not activated in the implementation of the ecosystem service approach. We conclude that historic and cultural landscape dimensions are not ignored in practice, but there is a need to articulate these aspects more clearly in order to achieve sustainable environmental planning. There is also an unexplored opportunity to connect skills and create new forms of cross-sectorial collaboration between heritage planning and the ES approach.

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  • 22.
    Eliasson, Ingegärd
    et al.
    Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fredholm, Susanne
    Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Gustavsson, Eva
    Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Weller, Jon
    School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
    Cultural Values of Landscapes in the Practical Work of Biosphere Reserves2023In: Land, E-ISSN 2073-445X, Vol. 12, no 3, article id 587Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of the landscape’s cultural values in the practical work of biosphere reserves and to identify what opportunities there are to increase awareness and knowledge about these values. The paper draws upon data collected in a Swedish biosphere reserve, including a survey of residents, interviews with public officials involved in cultural heritage management, and an analysis of documents produced by the Biosphere Reserve Association. Residents showed a broad knowledge about the landscape’s cultural values, and they linked immaterial heritage to material objects. The residents’ strong identity and pride in relation to the landscape were confirmed by the officials, who argued that it is the deep layers of history and the cultural diversity of the landscape that make the biosphere reserve attractive. However, concepts related to the landscape’s cultural values were barely touched upon in the documents analysed; the landscape’s cultural values were presented as a background—as an abstract value. The findings reveal several unexplored opportunities and practical implications to increase awareness and knowledge of the landscape’s cultural values. Suggested actions include definition of goals, articulation and use of concepts, inventories of actors, increased collaboration, and use of residents’ knowledge. Cultural values of landscapes are often neglected in the practical work of biosphere reserves, despite the social and cultural dimensions of sustainable development being an important component of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme. This research indicates several ways of bridging this gap between theory and practice.

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  • 23.
    Engström, Maria
    et al.
    Linköpings universitet.
    Willander, Johan
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Simon, Rozalyn
    A review of the methodology, taxonomy, and definitions in recent fMRI research on meditation2022In: Mindfulness, ISSN 1868-8527, E-ISSN 1868-8535, Vol. 13, p. 541-555Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: As meditation is increasingly employed for the promotion of good health, there is a growing interest in using neuroimaging methods to investigate the neural mechanisms by which meditation acts. In the wake of this rising interest, criticism regarding the lack of clarity concerning theory, definitions, and taxonomy, as well as deficient or poorly reported methodology, has arisen. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in current neuroimaging research on meditation and to provide guidelines for future studies.

    Methods: We made a literature search for articles published during 2016–2019 using the search phrases “meditation” and “functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI”. Inclusion criteria were limited to meditation studies using resting-state fMRI or such task-based fMRI examinations that were specifically targeting meditative states in healthy participants. Text analysis was performed using Nvivo 12 Mac (QSR International).

    Results: Twenty-eight articles were included from which we identified four different intention-based dimensions of meditation practice: The present moment, Wholesome qualities to cultivate, Unwholesome qualities to avoid, and Attitudes. Half of the studies do not make assessments of subjective experience. The results were related to networks and brain regions describing cognitive, affective, somatic, and self domains of brain function. Most studies describe meditation-related brain function in terms of “processes”.

    Conclusions: We defined five areas of potential improvement regarding research methodology: (1) Provide clear and unambiguous definitions of constructs and practices, (2) Include measures of subjective experience, (3) Perform correct assessment of processes, (4) Combine methodologies for more substantiated conclusions, (5) Avoid the risk of overinterpretation.

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  • 24.
    Eriksson, Mårten
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Insufficient evidence for the validity of the Language Development Survey and the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories as screening tools: A critical review2023In: International journal of language and communication disorders, ISSN 1368-2822, E-ISSN 1460-6984, Vol. 58, no 2, p. 555-575Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The Language Development Survey (LDS) and the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (MB-CDI) are two parental report forms that have been productive in providing data on early child language during the past 30 years. The instruments have been used both in studies relating to typical developing children and in screening for language difficulties.

    Aim

    To review the evidence for the LDS and the MB-CDI utility as screening instruments.

    Methods

    A literature search in PubMed and PsychInfo identified 16 articles based on LDS or MB-CDI that reported statistics pertinent to early screening for language difficulties.

    Main Contribution

    It was found that most reviewed studies were explorative in nature and tried out different versions of the screening test, including different cut-off values, multiple reference tests, small sample sizes and rarely reported confidence intervals. Spectrum, verification and review biases were common. Moreover, no study could convincingly show that the actual diagnostic accuracy was sufficient for clinical use.

    Conclusions

    There is insufficient evidence that the LDS or any version of the MB-CDI is a valid tool for screening for language difficulties. Of course, this is not to say that sufficient evidence will not be achieved in future studies, or that the instruments do not work well for purposes other than screening.

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  • 25.
    Eriksson, Mårten
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Svedberg, Pia
    Karolinska institutet.
    Autonomy and health-related quality of life in adolescents2022In: BMC Pediatrics, ISSN 1471-2431, E-ISSN 1471-2431, Vol. 22, no 1, article id 555Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Autonomy is recognized as important for individual well-being and constitutes one dimension in the KIDSCREEN-instrument measuring health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents. However, the autonomy questions in KIDSCREEN are restricted to opportunities to influence leisure time activities, which is a form of autonomy as volition. Yet, there are other aspects of autonomy that might be related to adolescent’s HRQoL. The aims of the present study were first to investigate the psychometric properties of a scale measuring autonomy in adolescence from a control perspective (AAC) including its relation to the autonomy dimension in KIDSCREEN, and second; to investigate AACs ability to predict each of the 10 dimensions constituting KIDSCREEN.

    Methods

    Students (n = 154) aged 15–16 years who were recruited from schools located in both low (two schools) and high (two schools) socioeconomic status (SES) areas in Sweden participated in a cross-sectional study. The adolescents answered a questionnaire including a new 6-item scale measuring perceived autonomy and HRQoL assessed by the KIDSCREEN-52 instrument. A factor analyses was computed to investigate the relation between the items in the AAC scale and the autonomy items in the KIDSCREEN instrument. Hierarchical regression analyses were computed to investigate if the AAC scale predicted HRQoL in any of the 10 dimensions in KIDSCREEN after controlling for gender, SES and the original autonomy scale included in KIDSCREEN.

    Results

    The factor analysis showed that all the items from the autonomy scale loaded in one factor and that all the items from the AAC scale loaded in another dimension. The hierarchical regression models showed that the AAC scale uniquely predicted HRQoL in all dimensions of the KIDSCREEN instrument after controlling for gender, SES and the original autonomy scale included in KIDSCREEN-52. A high level of perceived autonomy was associated with a high level of HRQoL for both scales.

    Conclusion

    A new scale for measuring autonomy from a control perspective has been presented and shown to differ from autonomy as volition. Both forms of autonomy are positively related to HRQoL in adolescence 15–16 years old.

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  • 26.
    Eriksson, Mårten
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Langeborg, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Toward a theory of own-anchoring in judgments of other people's external characteristics2021In: Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, E-ISSN 2475-0387, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 262-268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The own-anchor effect concerns the assimilation of judgments of other people's external characteristics such as age, weight, and height toward the estimator's own characteristics. The phenomenon is related to theories of social projection and classical anchoring. It has previously been described as an estimation bias in studies of eyewitness accuracy and has been measured by the correlation between the estimates and the participants' own corresponding characteristics. We suggest that the term own-anchor effect should be reserved for cases when the estimate and the estimator's own value both are bigger than the target person's value, or when both are smaller than the target person's value. Two subtypes of own-anchoring and their association to different target persons of different ages and sizes are also described. A new index of own-anchoring based on the deviation between the estimate and the target persons' values is introduced, and differences between the two measures are discussed, as well as the implications for moderation by gender. 

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  • 27.
    Eriksson, Mårten
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Myrberg, Karin
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science. Centre for Research and Development, Region Gävleborg/Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    How the communicative development inventories can contribute to clinical assessments of children with speech and language disorders2023In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 14, article id 1176028Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether information from the Swedish version of the Communicative Development Inventories III (SCDI-III) is informative to the Speech and Language Pathologist (SLP) when examining children with suspected speech and language disorders at a SLP unit.

    Method: Parents to 50 children (25 girls, 25 boys, age 30–80 months) that had been referred to the local SLP unit completed the SCDI-III. Nine children came from multilingual families and 41 children came from monolingual, Swedish speaking homes. The children were diagnosed as having developmental speech disorders (12) or developmental language disorders (33). Five children were not diagnosed with any disorder.

    Results: The results showed that the referred children performed significantly lower on scales for word production, grammar, and metalinguistic awareness, compared to a subset from the norms with a similar age and gender composition. Most children fell below the 10th percentile on word production and grammatical constructions. The intercorrelation between the three scales were in general substantial. Comparisons of children’s performance on the vocabulary and grammar scales of SCDI-III, and the medical records revealed 18 cases of discordance that would have motivated further examination. The parents rated sometimes their child’s vocabulary and grammar skills as higher and sometime as lower to the medical records.

    Discussion: Limitations due to attrition and sample size were discussed. It was concluded that the SCDI-III can provide valuable information to the examination at the SLP clinic in addition to parent interviews, observations of children, and various tests, and that the potential for adapted versions would be particularly high for examinations of multilingual children.

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  • 28.
    Fager, Frida
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Lyng, Adrian
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Mirror, mirror on the wall, tell us if the structure is likable?2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to examine, through the areas decisions making, accountability, variation in the work tasks, the organizations routines and job descriptions, the employee’s assessment of their current organizational structure. Furthermore, the study examined if the employee’s wanted bigger opportunities for decision making and accountability, more variation in the work tasks and clearer routines and job descriptions compared to their current organizational structure. A digital questionnaire was distributed to 110 employees. 73 of the employees chose to participate. A quantitative study was used, and the descriptive data was examined. Four separate paired sample t-tests were performed for the purpose of the two problem statements. The result was non-significant within all four tests. Individual items indicated that the employees assessed the organizational structure as both flat and hierarchic. 

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  • 29.
    Fredriksson, Christian
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Att leda innovation: Innovationsledares upplevelser av faktorer som påverkar organisationens innovationsförmåga2023Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this thesis was to investigate how innovation leaders perceive and manage the challenges and opportunities that come with leading innovation in organizations. The study was based on a qualitative method where data was collected through twelve semi-structured interviews and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis, resulting in four main themes. The results showed that innovation leaders experience the need to challenge their organizations while this challenge generates resistance within the organization, that innovation is associated with a high level of uncertainty, that there are important dependencies on stakeholders within and outside the organization that need to be managed, and that their teams need both security and challenge to deliver innovative results. These results are in line with previous research on innovation leadership. The study has practical relevance for organizations and leaders who want to improve their innovation capability by creating a better understanding of the factors that impact innovation.

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  • 30. Gustafsson, Eva
    et al.
    Eliasson, Ingegärd
    Fredholm, Susanne
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Nilsson, Lars Göran
    Gustavsson, Maria
    Min plats i biosfären2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    “Min plats i biosfären” är en skrift som presenterar forskningsresultat om vilken roll kulturmiljön och de kulturella ekosystemtjänsterna kulturarv och platsidentitet har för människors välbefinnande och för hållbar landskapsförvaltning inom Biosfärområde Vänerskärgården med Kinnekulle. Resultaten i skriften baseras på forskningsprojektet “Kulturmiljö och kulturarv som en del av hållbar landskapsförvaltning” och har genomförts av forskare vid Göteborgs universitet och Högskolan i Gävle.

  • 31. Gustavsson, E
    et al.
    Lennartsson, T
    Westin, A
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Eliasson, I
    The flowering mountain - marketing a 18th century landscape in a 21st century world2018Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Hammarberg, Ida
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Strandin, Hanna
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Kan upplevd arbetsbelastning, arbetstillfredsställelse och arbetsengagemang bidra till anställdas intention att säga upp sig inom sjukvården?2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate if workload, job satisfaction and work engagement could contribute to employees’ intention to quit in healthcare and which factor contributes this to the highest degree. A questionnaire was sent out to all 21 regions in Sweden and to private hospitals, and was shared on LinkedIn and Facebook. The criterion for participating in the study was that the respondents should work in healthcare with direct patient contact and a total of 67 responses were received. The questionnaire was based on questions from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) och Ulrecht Work Engagemant Scale (UWES). The results showed that workload, job satisfaction and work engagement together contribute employees’ intention to quit in healthcare. The factor that contributes intention to quit to the highest degree was job satisfaction.

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  • 33.
    Hammarström, Angelica
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Sunnerhage, Victoria
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Varför statligt anställda tjänstemän väljer att stanna i organisationen2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med studien var att utifrån teorin job embeddedness undersöka vilka anledningar anställda inom den offentliga sektorn med tjänstemannabefattning anser viktiga för att stanna kvar på sin arbetsplats. Studien genomfördes kvalitativt genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio stycken tjänstemän från tre olika myndigheter i Sverige. Materialet analyserades genom en teoristyd tematisk analys med tre förutbestämda huvudteman baserade på de tre dimensionerna i teorin job embeddedness. Det första temat benämndes som passform vilket representerar hur väl arbetstagaren passar in i organisationen. Det andra temat var relationer vilket beskriver de mänskliga relationerna på arbetsplatsen. Tredje temat benämns som uppoffringar vilket beskriver de risker arbetstagare skulle behöva stå inför om de bytte arbetsplats. Studien visade att valet att stanna kvar på en myndighet var en blandning av flera influenser såsom utvecklingsmöjligheter, interpersonella relationer och ett arbete som fungerar med privatlivet.

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  • 34. Hedblom, M
    et al.
    Gunnarsson, B
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Schaefer, M
    Behzad, I
    Thorsson, P
    Lundström, J
    Urban parks and forests reduce physiological stress while city centers do not: comparisons of visual virtual realities, bird songs, noise and smells2018Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 35. Hedblom, M
    et al.
    Gunnarsson, B
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Thorsson, P
    Lundström, J
    Urban parks and forests reduce physiological stress while cities do not: comparisons of visual virtual realities, bird songs and natural smells2018Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 36. Hedblom, M
    et al.
    Gunnarsson, B
    Ode Sang, Å
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Perception of urban green space in relation to soundscape, biodiversity, demography, naturalness, place identity and well-being2016Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 37. Hedblom, M
    et al.
    Gunnarsson, B
    Ode Sang, Å
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Lundström, J
    Urban woodlands and their importance for biodiversity and human well-being2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 38. Hedblom, M
    et al.
    Gunnarsson, G
    Schaefer, M
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Thrsson, P
    Lundström, J. N
    The sound of nature: birdsong and health in urban green areas2019Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Hedblom, M.
    et al.
    Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Hedenås, H.
    Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Blicharska, M.
    Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Adler, S.
    Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore .
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Mikusiński, G.
    Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden; School for Forest Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skinnskatteberg, Sweden .
    Svensson, J.
    Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Sandström, S.
    Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Sandström, P.
    Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
    Wardle, D. A.
    Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore.
    Landscape perception: linking physical monitoring data to perceived landscape properties2020In: Landscape research, ISSN 0142-6397, E-ISSN 1469-9710, Vol. 45, no 2, p. 179-192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Changes in the landscape affect not only people’s well-being but also how people perceive and use the landscape. An increasing number of policies have highlighted the importance of conserving a landscape’s recreational and aesthetical values. This study develops and evaluates a model that links people’s perceptions of a mountain landscape to physical monitoring data. Using a questionnaire, we revealed how respondents working with the Swedish mountains characterise the Magnificent Mountain landscape (as defined by Swedish policy objectives) and translated these characteristics into data from the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden (NILS). We found 14 potential indicators that could be derived from the existing NILS physical monitoring data and which could be used to monitor changes in the landscape values as perceived by people. Based on the results, we suggest how to simultaneously utilise field sampling of physical data and field photos to provide temporal information about landscape perception.

  • 40.
    Hedblom, Marcus
    et al.
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Resource Management, Umea, Sweden.;Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Gunnarsson, Bengt
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Iravani, Behzad
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Schaefer, Martin
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Thorsson, Pontus
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Div Appl Acoust, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Lundstrom, Johan N.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA.;Univ Penn, Dept Psychol, 3815 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.;Stockholm Univ, Brain Imaging Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Reduction of physiological stress by urban green space in a multisensory virtual experiment2019In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 9, article id 10113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although stress is an increasing global health problem in cities, urban green spaces can provide health benefits. There is, however, a lack of understanding of the link between physiological mechanisms and qualities of urban green spaces. Here, we compare the effects of visual stimuli (360 degree virtual photos of an urban environment, forest, and park) to the effects of congruent olfactory stimuli (nature and city odours) and auditory stimuli (bird songs and noise) on physiological stress recovery. Participants (N = 154) were pseudo-randomised into participating in one of the three environments and subsequently exposed to stress (operationalised by skin conductance levels). The park and forest, but not the urban area, provided significant stress reduction. High pleasantness ratings of the environment were linked to low physiological stress responses for olfactory and to some extent for auditory, but not for visual stimuli. This result indicates that olfactory stimuli may be better at facilitating stress reduction than visual stimuli. Currently, urban planners prioritise visual stimuli when planning open green spaces, but urban planners should also consider multisensory qualities.

  • 41.
    Hedblom, Marcus
    et al.
    Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Gunnarsson, Bengt
    Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Schaefer, Martin
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Knez, Igor
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Thorsson, Pontus
    Division of Applied Acoustics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lundström, Johan N.
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Stockholm University Brain Imaging Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sounds of Nature in the City: No Evidence of Bird Song Improving Stress Recovery2019In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 16, no 8, article id 1390Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Noise from city traffic is one of the most significant environmental stressors. Natural soundscapes, such as bird songs, have been suggested to potentially mitigate or mask noise. All previous studies on masking noise use self-evaluation data rather than physiological data. In this study, while respondents (n = 117) watched a 360 degrees virtual reality (VR) photograph of a park, they were exposed to different soundscapes and mild electrical shocks. The soundscapesbird song, bird song and traffic noise, and traffic noisewere played during a 10 min recovery period while their skin conductance levels were assessed as a measure of arousal/stress. No significant difference in stress recovery was found between the soundscapes although a tendency for less stress in bird song and more stress in traffic noise was noted. All three soundscapes, however, significantly reduced stress. This result could be attributed to the stress-reducing effect of the visual VR environment, to the noise levels being higher than 47 dBA (a level known to make masking ineffective), or to the respondents finding bird songs stressful. Reduction of stress in cities using masking with natural sounds requires further studies with not only larger samples but also sufficient methods to detect potential sex differences.

  • 42.
    Hedlund, Åsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Nilsson, Annika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Development and psychometric evaluation of a theory-based questionnaire measuring women’s return-to-work beliefs after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders2023In: Work: A journal of Prevention, Assessment and rehabilitation, ISSN 1051-9815, E-ISSN 1875-9270, Vol. 76, no 1, p. 109-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Common mental disorders (CMDs) are currently a major cause of long-term sick leave, with women being the most affected.Objective: Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), we aimed to describe the development and psychometric evaluation of a new questionnaire to measure women's beliefs about return to work (RTW) after long-term sick leave for CMDs.Methods: Data were collected in central Sweden from women on long-term sick leave(2–24 months) for CMDs. The questionnaire was developed by conducting an elicitation study with 20 women and included direct and indirect measures. Subsequently, 282 women participated in a psychometric evaluation and 35 of them in a test-retest procedure. Psychometric properties were evaluated by determining reliability (internal consistency [Cronbach’s alpha] and test-retest stability [intraclasscorrelation coefficient]), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) and content validity. Results: The development resulted in 60 questionnaire items. Content validity assessment showed that the women overall found it easy to complete the questionnaire. Reliability analyses showed satisfactory results for direct and indirect measures, with a few exceptions. Factor analyses of the indirect scales showed that items were generally in line with the TPB, but that items related to life as a whole/personal life and items related to work separated into two different factors. Conclusions: The questionnaire, called the RTW Beliefs Questionnaire, showed promising results and can among women with CMDs considered useful, especially scales for direct measures. This questionnaire gives the opportunity to identify new potential predictors for RTW.

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  • 43.
    Hedlund, Åsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Nieuwenhuijsen, Karen
    Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    Nilsson, Annika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Women’s health and psychological well-being in the return-to-work process after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders: Women’s and first-line managers' perspectives2023In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Hedlund, Åsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Nilsson, Annika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    A journey from darkness to a lighter, but changed, self: A qualitative study of women's drawings and comments describing their health and well-being after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders2023In: Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Hedlund, Åsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Nilsson, Annika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Are return to work beliefs, psychological well-being and perceived health related to return-to-work intentions among women on long-term sick leave for common mental disorders? A cross-sectional study based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour2021In: BMC Public Health, E-ISSN 1471-2458, Vol. 21, no 1, article id 535Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Long-term sick leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs) is a great burden in several countries. Women are more likely to be affected by CMDs. A strong intention to return to work (RTW) as well as symptom relief may facilitate RTW in this group. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding what constitutes a strong intention. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is well-suited to identifying underlying beliefs about intentions to perform a behaviour. By including psychological well-being and perceived health, a more comprehensive picture of determinants of RTW intention might be achieved. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify associations between RTW beliefs, psychological well-being, perceived health and RTW intentions among women on long-term sick leave due to CMDs, and to do so based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour.

    Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Between October 2019 and January 2020, 282 women on long-term sick leave (>2 months) due to CMDs were included in the study. The questionnaires for data collection were: “RTW Beliefs Among Women-Questionnaire”, the “General Health Questionnaire -12” and the “EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale”. Standard multiple regression analysis was performed both with and without adjustment for potential confounders.

    Results: The results showed that more positive attitude towards RTW, stronger social pressure to RTW, higher perceived control over RTW and higher psychological well-being were associated with stronger RTW intention. The adjusted analysis eliminated the importance of psychological well-being for RTW intention, but showed that women who reported that their employer had taken actions to facilitate their RTW had stronger RTW intention. 

    Conclusion: The RTW beliefs, derived from the Theory of Planned Behaviour, were all important for a strong RTW intention, while psychological well-being and perceived health showed weaker associations. Furthermore, having an employer that take actions for facilitating RTW was associated with stronger RTW intentions. Though some caution is warranted regarding the representativeness of the sample, the results do improve our understanding of some important determinants of RTW intention among women on long-term sick leave for CMDs. 

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  • 46.
    Hedlund, Åsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Nilsson, Annika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Beliefs about return to work among women during/after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders: a qualitative study based on the theory of planned behaviour2021In: Journal of occupational rehabilitation, ISSN 1053-0487, E-ISSN 1573-3688, Vol. 31, p. 604-612Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Long-term sick leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs) is an increasing problem, especially among women. To help these women return to work (RTW) sustainably, we need to know more about their own beliefs about RTW. One applicable theory is the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Thus, the present study aimed to describe, based on the TPB, women's beliefs about RTW during or after long-term sick leave for a CMD.

    Methods: A qualitative approach was used. Twenty women were included during a long-term sick leave period due to a CMD. A deductive content analysis was conducted using predetermined factors from the TPB: behavioural beliefs (advantages – disadvantages of RTW), normative beliefs (supporters and non-supporters of RTW), and control beliefs (facilitators of – barriers to RTW).

    Results: The women believed that RTW would give them meaning and balance in life, but also that it would be challenging to maintain balance after RTW. They believed they had several supporters of RTW, but that the support was sometimes perceived as stressful rather than encouraging. Furthermore, individual adaptation and high demands were the most mentioned facilitator and barrier, respectively. Workplace conditions and personal strategies were thought to be important aspects.

    Conclusions: By using the TPB, the present study was able to offer new findings on women’s beliefs about RTW after long-term sick leave for a CMD. Based on the findings, we suggest that various RTW stakeholders should focus on striving to provide the tasks and work pace women need so they can maintain their professional competence and sense of meaning.

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  • 47.
    Hedlund, Åsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Nilsson, Annika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Vägen tillbaka: Vilka föreställningar har kvinnor till att återgå i arbete efter långtidssjukskrivning för psykisk ohälsa?2022Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Hedlund, Åsa
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Nilsson, Annika
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Kristofferzon, Marja-Leena
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Caring Science, Caring Science.
    Predictors of return to work and psychological well-being among women during/after long-term sick leave due to common mental disorders - a prospective cohort study based on the theory of planned behaviour2022In: Health & Social Care in the Community, ISSN 0966-0410, E-ISSN 1365-2524, Vol. 30, no 6, p. 5245-5258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Common mental disorders are associated with long-term sick leave, especially among women. There is a lack of theory-based research regarding the impact of personal factors on return to work and psychological well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether return-to-work beliefs and perceived health were predictors of return to work and psychological well-being among women during or after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. This was a prospective cohort study with a 1-year follow-up. At baseline, women (n = 282) had been on full- or part-time sick leave for common mental disorders for 2–24 months. Data were collected in October 2019–January 2020 and October 2020–January 2021 in Sweden. The Social Insurance Agency identified the women at baseline. The Return-To-Work Beliefs Questionnaire, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 were used. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted. The women were divided into two groups: full-time sick leave or part-time sick leave at baseline. The results showed that stronger return-to-work intention significantly predicted return to work among women on full-time sick leave at baseline. No significant predictors of return to work were found among women on part-time sick leave at baseline. Psychological well-being was predicted by stronger social pressure to return to work (full-time group) and a more positive attitude toward returning to work and better perceived health (part-time group). We concluded that the Theory of Planned Behaviour can be useful for understanding return to work among women on full-time sick leave, and what underlies psychological well-being in both groups. However, return to work and psychological well-being were predicted by different factors, indicating that a multifactorial approach should be used in supporting women to return to work after long-term sick leave for common mental disorders.

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  • 49.
    Heiden, Marina
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Widar, Linda
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Wiitavaara, Birgitta
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
    Boman, Eva
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, Psychology.
    Telework in academia: associations with health and well-being among staff2021In: Higher Education, ISSN 0018-1560, E-ISSN 1573-174X, Vol. 81, p. 707-722Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As the development of technical aids for telework has progressed, work has become more flexible in time and space. Among academics, the opportunity to telework has been embraced by most, but it is unclear how it relates to their health and well-being. The aim of this study was to determine how frequency and amount of telework is associated with perceived health, stress, recuperation, work-life balance, and intrinsic work motivation among teaching and research academics. An electronic questionnaire was sent to junior lecturers, senior lecturers, and professors at Swedish public universities. It included the General Health Questionnaire, Work Stress Questionnaire, items for assessing recuperation, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work scale, and parts of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, as well as questions about the frequency and amount of telework performed. In total, 392 academics responded to the survey. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences between groups of academics with different telework frequency (p < 0.05). Univariate analyses of variance showed that ratings of stress related to indistinct organization and conflicts were higher among academics that telework several times per week or more than among academics that telework less than once per month. In regression analyses of associations between amount of telework (in hours per week) and the dependent variables, no significant effects were found. Although it cannot be concluded whether stress is a cause or an effect of frequent telework, the findings warrant further attention to academics who telework frequently.

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  • 50.
    Hellström, Madeleine
    et al.
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Wallberg, Louise
    University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Psychology.
    Upplevelsen av arbetsmotivation bland unga vuxna 20-25 år.2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed to examine the experience of work motivation among young adults between the ages of 20-25 years old. Eight qualitative interviews were held with a semi-structured method. The guide for the interviews conducted work motivation as a theme with underlying questions based on themes, previously research and theoretical starting points, the aim of the study and issue. The guide for the interview contained eight main issues with general follow up questions. A thematic analysis were used to bring out four different themes which were the importance of having good colleagues, to develop, to get feedback and salary. The result of the study showed that young adults are motivated by both intern and extern motivational factors according to Herzberg’s motivation theory. This is something that previous studies did not show according to Inceoglu, Segers and Bartram (2012) who claims in their study that young adults are more motivated by intern motivational factors than extern motivational factors. This study therefore highlights the impact of age among individuals and that the age can have influence when it comes to the experienced work motivation.

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