Ever since the publication of his debut novel, The Orchard Keeper (1965), Cormac

McCarthy has explored the relationship between humanity and the environment.

In his early novels, this exploration takes the form of a symbolist aesthetic that

repeatedly employs metaphor, simile, and personification to merge humans with

the rest of the world’s matter. The ethical and political import of this aesthetic

is, of course, open to dispute: critics have alternately celebrated McCarthy’s

environmental imagination as an opportunity for the reader to cultivate a more

responsible way of being in the world, criticized it as a relativization of human

agency, and retooled it into a political commentary designed to challenge late

capitalist reification. Entering into dialogue with this conflicted critical discourse,

and tracing the development of McCarthy’s writing over five decades, Svensson’s

dissertation reveals an author whose later novels appear to acknowledge their

own capacity to resonate with many ethical and political sentiments at once.

Further, drawing in particular on the Marxist perspective of Pierre Macherey,

the dissertation also makes the more general claim that a literary work never

produces meaning on its own and that the role of the critic is never entirely

apolitical.

Att etablera sig i samhället och på arbetsmarknaden är viktigt både ur ett humanitärt och ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv, men för migranter med låg utbildningsbakgrund är detta en lång och mödosam process där olika aktörer på arbetsmarknaden har avgörande betydelse. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur dessa aktörer ser på möjligheter till arbetsmarknadsetablering för migranter med låg utbildning och sin egen roll i migranternas strävan att få jobb. Dessa aktörer fungerar som grindvakter eftersom de både kan underlätta och försvåra migranternas möjligheter till arbete. Studien är en del av Samverkan Gävleborg 2022, ett projekt som utvecklar metoder och samverkansformer för att stärka stödet och underlätta arbetsmarknadsetableringen av tredjelandsmedborgare som står långt ifrån arbetsmarknaden.

Totalt genomfördes 19 intervjuer med representanter från Arbetsförmedlingen, kommuner, arbetsgivare samt fristående aktörer inom bemanning, rekrytering och arbetsmarknadsinsatser. Utgångspunkten för intervjuerna var tre fiktiva fall som speglar vanliga utmaningar för migranter med låg utbildningsbakgrund. Även om ett av fallen ansågs stå närmare arbetsmarknaden och ha fler möjliga vägar framåt, bedömdes alla vara i behov av myndigheternas stöd och vägledning för att kunna få jobb. Samtidigt sågs möjligheter till arbete för alla tre, trots svårigheter såsom språk, hälsa och bristande arbetslivserfarenhet. 

Betydelsen av språk och migranternas kön var två centrala teman som framkom i respondenternas reflektioner av fallen. Det ansågs angeläget att migranter behärskar det svenska språket tillräckligt väl, men språkkunskaper sågs inte som den nyckel till arbete som det ibland framställs som. I stället betonade respondenterna anpassning av språkkrav till de arbetsuppgifter som ska utföras och betydelsen av att använda och utveckla språket i praktiska sammanhang, så som via praktik. Avseende kön lyfte respondenterna bland annat att män tenderar att kräva mer stöd samt att det finns en risk att kvinnor och män bedöms olika, vilket kan leda till att de erbjuds olika typer av insatser.

Stöd och insatser för arbetsmarknadsetablering utgår ifrån Arbetsförmedlingens kartläggningar och bedömningar. Arbetet förutsätter också ett gott samarbete och kommunikation mellan Arbetsförmedlingen och de övriga aktörerna, vilket respondenterna såg brister i. Aktörerna betonade vikten av att göra noggranna och relevanta kartläggningar för att kunna rikta stöd och insatser till individer utifrån deras behov och förutsättningar. Vi fann att kategoriseringar är en väsentlig del av kartläggningsprocessen som både kan både öppna upp möjligheter och stänga vägar framåt. Vissa kategoriseringar kan berättiga till fördjupat stöd och fler aktiviteter för att förbereda för mer arbetsnära insatser. Emellertid berättade respondenterna också om svårigheter med att ge adekvat stöd eftersom migranter som står långt ifrån arbetsmarknaden har anvisats till insatser som inte är anpassade till dem.

Sammanfattningsvis visar intervjuerna att stödet till migranter med låg utbildning präglas av både hinder och möjligheter. Flera respondenter ansåg att detta är en bortglömd grupp som samhället inte satsar tillräckligt på. Samtidigt framkom ett stort engagemang för att hjälpa migranterna, och det finns även en rad olika aktiviteter för denna grupp, framför allt inom kommunerna. I likhet med aktörerna i studien och tidigare forskning vill vi betona behovet av individuellt anpassat stöd, ökad flexibilitet avseende krav på språk och utbildning, samt mer kreativa lösningar för att skapa reella möjligheter till arbetsmarknadsetablering för migranter med låg utbildning. 

In a laboratory office setting with four occupants facing the walls, local emission of a tracer gas (B) in the breathing zone of one infected occupant mimics the transmission of an air-borne disease. At the same time, another tracer gas (A) is homogeneously emitted in the office space so that the local mean age can be determined in each sampling point. Tracers are passively collected in the breathing zones of the occupants and in sixteen sampling positions distributed at four heights. A laboratory office setup with mixing ventilation conditions and a single ceiling exhaust in a corner is investigated. The distribution of B-tracer is analyzed in the sampling points for the four possible locations of an infected occupant in relation to the exhaust location. The results reported are in the absence of thermal plumes, i.e., the manikins representing occupants were turned off. The relative apparent emission rates calculated from the measurements are conjectured to represent the steady state transfer probabilities from the respective breathing zones. As expected, for mixing ventilation conditions, the steady state probabilities to most positions are similar. Nevertheless, the steady state transfer probabilities from the breathing zones of the pair of manikins closer to the exhaust cause slightly more spreading, 0.83 ± 0.04 and 0.82 ± 0.04, than the other pair, 0.76 ± 0.03 and 0.75 ± 0.06.

The concept of the 15-minutes city [15 MC] focuses on providing important services within proximity and accessibility through active travel like walking or biking. While this model is becoming popular in urban planning and academic discourse, its implementation faces challenges in both densely populated developing and developed countries. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of recent literature to (1) identify the core components of the 15 MC model, (2) examine planning tools and strategies used in its implementation, (3) compare successes and challenges across global contexts, particularly in densely populated and resource-constrained areas, and (4) offer practical recommendations for adapting the model to meet local needs. The study reviewed 33 research papers published in the last five years [2019–2024]. Following PRISMA guidelines, a structured screening and selection process was conducted using databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Thematic analysis revealed major challenges for implementing the 15 MC in the Global South, including urban informality, gaps in infrastructure, and complex governance issues. Moreover, the review points out the potential risks of exclusion and gentrification if the specific needs of different contexts are not considered. While high-income countries tend to focus on sustainability and making neighborhoods walkable, developing countries struggle with deeper structural problems that make equitable implementation harder. This study emphasizes the need for locally adaptive frameworks in planning 15 MCs and aims to develop inclusive urban policies that support Sustainable Development Goal 11, which seeks to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

Rapid urbanization contributes to impervious surface areas resulting in higher vulnerability to flooding and loss of green spaces. Recently, sustainable methods like nature-based solutions (NBS) are effectively being used to build resilient cities. These are practices derived from nature by emulating and regulating ecosystem services. Specifically, the adaptation of sponge city (SC) concept as part of NBS is being extensively used in growing cities to help mitigate impacts of development. This study focuses on difficulties encountered by Karachi, such as extreme weather occurrences and flooding. It examines the feasibility of implementing SC methods drawing inspiration from successfully implemented examples of China and Saudi Arabia. The outcomes indicate significance of incorporating NBS and adoption of SC elements in urban planning to provide remedies for Karachi's environmental challenges.

The purpose of this study is to explore how supply chain factors that influence decisions on reshoring have been discussed in previous research. A structured literature review is used to analyze 139 peer-reviewed articles from EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Emerald Insight and Springer. The study identifies four supply chain factors that influence reshoring decisions, namely: supply chain resources, supply chain reconfiguration, the customer-supplier relationship, and supply chain proximity. This study provides a novel starting point from which future researchers can initiate empirical studies to evaluate the influence of the identified supply chain factors on reshoring decisions. The findings can, in addition, help practitioners and managers to develop knowledge of the influence of supply chain factors when making reshoring decisions. This structured review extends our knowledge on the link between supply chain factors and reshoring, by drawing attention to how the factors of supply chain resources, supply chain reconfiguration, the customer-supplier relationship, and supply chain proximity influence reshoring decisions.

Background/Objectives: Iran carries a significant burden of mental health disorders. This study aimed to describe the status of mental health and mental health care in Iran between 2012 and 2023, addressing inequalities and mapping existing challenges in the mental health care system. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted. Databases including Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, as well as local databases such as SID, Magiran, and Noormags, were searched to identify studies related to mental health care in Iran. A total of 59 studies met the inclusion criteria. An inductive approach and thematic analysis were used to synthesize themes from the data. Results: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with higher rates of mental disorders due to poverty-related stressors and limited access to quality care. Gender disparities revealed that women are more vulnerable to mental health problems, exacerbated by perceived gender inequality. Ethnic minorities and undocumented migrant populations faced inadequate healthcare services, resulting in poorer mental health outcomes. Children and older adults also experienced mental health challenges influenced by sociodemographic factors. The main challenge for mental health care is establishing mechanisms to ensure more equitable access for all citizens. Additional challenges include limited awareness among policymakers, insufficient budget allocation, weak prevention programs, and poor intra- and inter-sectoral coordination and collaboration. A shortage of mental health care providers, as well as deficiencies in structure, system processes, and resources, further hinder progress. Conclusions: Socioeconomic factors exacerbate the challenges of Iran’s under-resourced mental health system. To address these issues, equity considerations must be integrated into mental health policies. Key interventions include the routine monitoring of mental health indicators, expanding insurance coverage for mental health services, and establishing dedicated services for children.

This study employs the bibliometric review method to assess the evolution of research in sonolytic and ultrasound-assisted hydrogen production between 2000 and 2025 using data from the Scopus database. The study found research done so far as a dynamic, cross-disciplinary field driven by global decarbonization and technological innovation. Keyword and thematic mapping identified a central focus towards maximizing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the assistance of ultrasound catalysis, with advanced materials like g-C₃N₄, TiO₂, and quantum dots. Emerging themes of piezocatalysis, biohydrogen, and ultrasonication-enhanced pretreatment indicate a trend towards multifunctional, sustainable, and bio-integrated processes. The clustering analysis identified distinct strategic research directions, including visible-light-driven heterojunctions, anticorrosion electrodes, ultrasonic fermentation, and hybrid catalytic systems integrating sonochemistry with photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and thermochemical reforming. Non-noble metal catalysts and nanostructures enabled by sonication are especially gaining prominence owing to their efficiency and scalability. The country-level analysis revealed a commanding position for China, with growing contributions from India, South Korea, and strategic international collaborations. Together, the field is transitioning from fundamental research to application-oriented innovation, and the future opportunity rests in scalable, hybrid systems that integrate ultrasonic, optical, and biochemical processes. These findings suggest that ultrasound-assisted hydrogen generation may contribute to advances in sustainable energy technologies and potential industrial implementation.

Rapporten En egen plats bygger på en forskningsstudie genomförd av Nationellt centrum för kvinnofrid (NCK) vid Uppsala universitet på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen Gävleborg. Studien förenar flera perspektiv: den analyserar hur våld beaktas i socialtjänstens handläggning av ärenden om boende, belyser professionellas perspektiv på hinder och utvecklingsmöjligheter, och ger röst åt våldsutsatta kvinnors erfarenheter av bostadslöshet och bostadsinstabilitet i spåren av våldet. Den omfattar även en kunskapsöverblick och en genomgång av lagstiftning och andra regelverk samt hur dessa kan användas för att stärka våldsutsattas faktiska tillgång till stadigvarande bostad.

Studien visar hur vägen från skydd till varaktig trygghet ofta bryts av juridiska, organisatoriska och strukturella hinder. Ansvarsförskjutning mellan myndigheter, brist på samordning och ojämlika förutsättningar mellan kommuner gör att skyddsbehov och långsiktig stabilitet i praktiken blir beroende av lokala tolkningar, organisationsstrukturer och förhållningssätt till våldsutsattas behov. Den nationella likvärdigheten brister, och våldsutsatta kvinnor och barn riskerar att stå utan tryggt och stadigvarande boende långt efter att de lämnat förövaren.

Resultaten av denna studie visar att brist på stadigvarande bostad inte endast är ett socialt problem, utan en förlängning av våldet. När kvinnor tvingas tillbaka till osäkra eller tillfälliga lösningar undergrävs såväl trygghet som återhämtning. Våldets konsekvenser följer dem i nya former – ekonomiska, juridiska och rumsliga. Bostaden framträder därmed som en del av våldets samhälleliga struktur, men också som en avgörande del av lösningen. Att tillgängliggöra stadigvarande bostäder med flexibla stödsystem blir inte en biståndsfråga, utan en investering i trygghet, våldsprevention och ett samhälle som håller samman.

Rapporten identifierar flera centrala utvecklingsområden. För det första synliggörs platsförlust som en central konsekvens av våldet. När kvinnor och barn tvingas lämna sina hem utan möjlighet att påverka situationen uppstår inte bara praktiska utan existentiella förluster – av minnen, identitet och tillhörighet. Att återuppbygga livet på en plats blir en del av återhämtningsprocessen vilket understryker behovet av stabilitet och egenmakt i boendelösningar.

För det andra framträder glesbygdens särskilda utmaningar. I mindre kommuner försvåras tillgången till skydd och stöd genom långa avstånd, brist på specialiserade verksamheter, svag anonymitet och av social kontroll. Trygghetsarbetet behöver därför anpassas efter geografiska och sociala förutsättningar för att säkerställa likvärdighet i hela landet.

Vidare visar resultaten att barns rättigheter riskerar att försvagas när boendefrågan hanteras som en tillfällig insats för tak över huvudet. Barnets rätt till kontinuitet, skolgång och trygghet behöver vara styrande i beslut om våldsutsattas tillgång till stadigvarande bostad efter våld, i enlighet med barnkonventionen som svensk lag. Barns återhämtning är beroende av stabila miljöer fria från våld, där trygga relationer och rutiner kan etableras och bevaras. 

Ett annat återkommande mönster gäller bristande övergångar mellan kommuner. När kvinnor och barn behöver flytta till en annan kommun för att undkomma våld uppstår glapp i ansvar, insatser och samordning. Behovet av nationella riktlinjer för överlämning, överflyttning och gemensamt ekonomiskt ansvar är tydligt, för att säkerhet och skäliga levnadsvillkor inte ska äventyras av administrativa gränser, vilket ofta är fallet idag.

Studien i den här rapporten pekar på att bostaden är en våldspreventiv infrastruktur och en förutsättning för kvinnors och barns frihet och trygghet, och för social hållbarhet i linje med Agenda 2030. Den sociala hållbarheten i bostadspolitiken kan inte uppnås utan att frågan om könsrelaterat våld inkluderas. Våldets konsekvenser: ekonomiska och sociala, psykologiska och fysiska, följer kvinnor och barn långt efter separationen. Att säkerställa tillgång till stadigvarande bostad är därför en fråga om rättssäkerhet, folkhälsa och samhälleligt ansvar. 

Registration of real property is a cornerstone in land management, being part of theorganised society. The official recognition of the rights of ownership and associated rights,restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) provides certainty of ownership and e.g. the right touse the property and protection against invasion from a third party. Three-dimensional (3D)property has gained increased interest in many legislations and is today part of many nationalreal property systems. The development of surveying techniques and digital modelling andvisualisation technologies allows registration of this type of real property in new ways as havebeen traditionally done with 2D real property. These possibilities also entail challengesregarding how 3D property is or should be registered and visualised in real propertyregistration systems. Examples of such challenges are identification of RRRs in complexvolumes in three dimensions and the location of RRRs in relation to building details, suchas walls and floors.The aim of the paper is to investigate and discuss possible future (digital) registration of 3Dreal property based on current research projects in Denmark and Sweden. The paperpresents a number of challenges identified in the projects that should be addressed in theongoing and future research projects. What can be noted is that not only the technicalaspects are important, but also legal and organizational aspects of 3D real propertyregistration and management in the light of technological change.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the ascension of Prophet Muhammad to heaven, from a psychological point of view. The study also included a survey of different understandings and approaches to the heavenly ascension of the prophet of Islam. These understandings include philosophical, theosophical, Sufi perspectives, and esoteric commentaries of the Quran and different denominations of Islam. The current study also discusses the world of images and imagery world and offers a more elaborative discussion and a broad view of the occurrence of Miraj (i.e. occurrence in the world of images – mundus imaginalis). This view requires a revolutionary new approach to the phenomenology and epistemology of the scientific approach to the phenomenon of Al-Miraj (Heavenly ascension). Symbolic communication becomes a means of interaction and Tawil, and symbolic deciphering in understanding Miraj occurs. This study also offered an approach to Miraj as a hero journey as suggested by Jung and elaborated by Joseph Campbell. It was also discovered as a voyage of the unconscious to approach the Self and attain individuation.

Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) solar collector technologies are considered a highly efficient solution for sustainable energy generation, capable of producing electricity and heat simultaneously. This paper reviews and discusses different aspects of PVT collectors, including fundamental principles, materials, diverse classifications, such as air-type and water-type, and different cooling mechanisms to boost their performance, such as nano-fluids, Phase Change Materials (PCMs), and Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs). At the system level, this paper analyses PVT technologies' integration in buildings and industrial applications and gives a comprehensive market overview. The methodology focused on evaluating advancements in design, thermal management, and overall system efficiency based on existing literature published from 2010 to 2025. From the findings of various studies, water-based PVT systems provide electrical efficiencies ranging from 8% to 22% and thermal efficiencies between 30% and 70%, which are almost always higher than air-based alternatives. Innovations, including nanofluids, phase change materials, and hybrid topologies, have improved energy conversion and storage. Market data indicates growing adoption in Europe and Asia, stressing significant investments led by Sunmaxx, Abora Solar, Naked Energy, and DualSun. Nonetheless, obstacles to PVT arise regarding aspects such as cost, design complexity, lack of awareness, and economic incentives. According to the findings of this study, additional research is required to reduce the operational expenses of such systems, improve system integration, and build supportive policy frameworks. This paper offers guidance on PVT technologies and how they can be integrated into different setups based on current normativity and regulatory frameworks.

We present a high-fidelity simulation tool for accurate acoustic modeling across a wide range of applications. The numerical method is based on diagonal-norm Summation-By-Parts (SBP) finite-difference operators, which guarantee linear stability on piecewise curvilinear multi-block grids. Realistic three-dimensional atmospheric and topographic data are directly incorporated into the simulations, and the solver is implemented in CUDA to achieve high computational efficiency. Verification is performed through convergence studies against highly resolved benchmark problems in both two and three spatial dimensions, while validation is carried out using high-quality infrasound measurements from two modern wind farms in Sweden. The results show that modern, large-scale wind turbines generate infrasound levels significantly higher than those reported for older, smaller turbines. These findings advance the understanding of the acoustic characteristics of contemporary wind turbines and provide important guidance for assessing their potential environmental and societal impacts.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore hospital managers’ experiences and reflections concerning the influence of working conditions on nursing staff’s infection prevention behaviours and strategies used by the managers to promote infection prevention work among staff. Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative study uses a reflexive thematic analysis. Six first-line and five second-line managers at surgical and orthopaedic hospital units were interviewed. Findings – Reflecting a balance between resources and responsibility in promoting infection prevention behaviours, four themes were generated: (1) being attentive to staff needs and taking action in a changing healthcare environment, where managers adjust working conditions to minimise interruptions and manage workload; (2) bultivating a positive work climate for both the team and the individual, emphasising team collaboration and role modelling in infection prevention; (3) providing resources for knowledge development and understanding, including appointing hygiene representatives and promoting accessible infection control information; and (4) promoting personal responsibility for compliance and infection-safe workflows, highlighting staff responsibility regardless of working conditions. Originality/value – This study provides new insights into hospital managers’ perspectives on how working conditions influence nursing staff’s infection prevention behaviours and the strategies managers use to support compliance. Unlike prior research focused on frontline staff, this reflexive thematic analysis highlights the managers’ role in balancing organisational support with staff accountability, offering valuable insights into infection control in complex healthcare environments.

Bankruptcy prediction research has largely emphasised model performance through feature selection and algorithm optimisation, while the equally important challenge of class imbalance remains underexplored. Most studies also focus on publicly listed firms, reflecting the accessibility of standardised data. Our study makes a novel and valuable contribution by leveraging a large-scale dataset of private firms - an economically significant yet understudied segment. Using 2,039,222 firm-year observations from 430,800 private firms between 2012 and 2021, we evaluate four machine learning models, five sampling techniques, and two distinct economic periods. Results show that sampling choice strongly influences accuracy and feature relevance, depending on macroeconomic conditions. Importantly, simple interpretable models built on theoretically grounded features (e.g., Altman, 1968) achieve robust predictions, challenging prevailing reliance on complex methods, while Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) consistently outperforms alternatives. By focusing on private firms, the study provides unique insights and underscores methodological choices crucial for reliable bankruptcy prediction.

Social services are adapting to an increasingly digital environment, with municipalities expectedto engage citizens through digital channels. This study investigates how clients seeking social as-sistance perceive and use digital tools as well as the challenges and opportunities that arise whenimplementing such technologies in line with public service values. The analysis draws on municipaldigitalisation documents and interviews with ten clients across three Swedish municipalities of dif-ferent sizes. Client experiences were interpreted through the framework of aspirational municipalvalue positions — efficiency, professionalism, service and engagement — as well as administrativeburdens, including learning, compliance and psychological costs. The findings show that althoughmunicipalities articulate ambitions across all value positions, service and engagement require moredirect client involvement. Clients reported benefits and difficulties when applying for assistancedigitally. Addressing these challenges requires balancing value positions while mitigating digitalburdens. Key areas for improvement include user-centred tool design, human support integration,streamlining application procedures and client and caseworker participation in system develop-ment. The study also highlights how experiences in one value position may influence others (e.g.efficiency through time savings enhancing service). Overall, the findings elucidate how digitalsocial services can move from policy to practice while promoting participation and empowerment.

Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to generate knowledge and understanding of first-line managers' experiences of the factors influencing their retention and turnover, including their self-reported work-related stress, job satisfaction, span of control, leadership and management performance, and how these factors interact and change over time.

Methods: Four studies were conducted in a Swedish regional healthcare organization. Studies I and III used qualitative descriptive designs with semi-structured interviews to explore reasons for staying or leaving. Study II was a repeated cross-sectional survey assessing associations among span of control, leadership and management performance, work-related stress, and job satisfaction, including the stability of these associations. Study IV was a 40-month prospective cohort using Cox regression to examine whether these factors were associated with time to leave.

Results: Managers who stayed emphasized trust, autonomy, meaningful relationships, and support from colleagues and superiors, together with a sense of purpose in influencing staff and patient care. Those who left often described tipping points linked to high demands, limited influence, or insufficient support. In Study II, job satisfaction remained stable over time and was positively associated with control, manager and peer support, and role clarity; high demands and poor relationships showed strong negative associations. In Study IV, 28 managers left in 40 months. Being categorized at a moderate level in control and manager support was associated with a higher risk of leaving, whereas workplace relationships were not significant.

Conclusion: Retention and turnover among first-line managers are shaped by organizational, group, and individual experiences. Role clarity, supportive relations, sufficient resources, and meaningfulness are central to sustaining engagement and reducing stress, which influence first-line managers’ willingness to remain in their role.

In longitudinal studies, treatments are often assigned in the form of a sequence to achieve a certain outcome of interest. The blip effect of treatment in sequence is the net effect of treatment on the outcome. In this article, we introduce a method of estimating and testing the blip effects via the standardized point effects of treatments in sequence. First, we apply available methods to estimate the point effects referring to single-point treatments. Then we standardize the point effects to a small number of strata of relevance to the blip effects of interest. Finally, we use the standardized point effects to estimate and test the blip effects. Our method addresses two issues in complex longitudinal studies: a dimension reduction without strict treatment assignment conditions and a targeted analysis of the blip effects of interest across different times. The simulation study shows that our method achieves unbiased estimates of the blip effect, maintains nominal coverage probability, and demonstrates high power for hypothesis testing. A medical example illustrates the application of our method in observational studies.

Sport is more than just a game—it's a global phenomenon that shapes cultures, economies, and communities. Football, the world's most popular sport, is a prime example. Yet beneath the surface lies an overlooked environmental cost. As the climate crisis accelerates, the sprawling network of football facilities—stadiums, training grounds, and infrastructure—emerges as a silent contributor to environmental degradation and the transgression of planetary boundaries. Two common types of fields exist: artificial and natural turf. Research on environmental impacts of these turfs remains limited, especially in cold climates. This study presents a life cycle assessment of 1 m2 artificial and natural football turfs in Nordic climates, evaluating their environmental impacts such as global warming potential, eutrophication potential and ecotoxicity potential across construction, use, maintenance, and end-of-life phases over operational lifespans of 10, 20 and 30 years. Natural turf exhibited the highest overall environmental impacts over the operational lifespan, e.g. the global warming potential was 30.6 kg CO2 eq/m2 while the artificial turf reached 15.6 kg CO2 eq/m2. During the construction phase, artificial turf generated significant emissions, mainly from material production. In the use phase, natural turf showed the greatest impacts due to diesel consumption and fertilizer application. At the end-of-life stage, artificial turf's sand and infill were reused, while the turf carpet and shock pad were incinerated for energy recovery. However, without recycling, artificial turf would represent the highest environmental burden among the evaluated alternatives. Implementing effective recycling and energy recovery strategies is essential to mitigate its environmental impact. Furthermore, sourcing turf materials locally, combined with substituting conventional maintenance equipment with electric robotic alternatives, can further reduce overall environmental impacts.

The intermittent nature of renewable sources injects uncertainty into power systems, often resulting in supplyand demand mismatches. CAES is therefore seen as a feasible answer to this issue due to its technical, economic,and environmental advantages of a clean storage medium; scaling possibility; long duration for discharge; lowrate of self-discharge; and inexpensive properties. There have been several studies in recent times aimed atimproving the performance of the CAES technologies, there is however, no detailed bibliometric review thatpresents a comprehensive overview of the advances made on the technology. This review paper fills that gap byperforming a comprehensive literature review on the subject from 2000 to 2024. The bibliometric analysishighlights the global escalation in interest in CAES-related fields, with an observed annual growth rate of20.68%. From a technological perspective, major developments include the consideration of adiabatic andhybrid systems, integration with solid oxide fuel cells and organic Rankine cycles and improved thermal storageoptions. On the economic side, interest in hybrid CAES systems coupled with RES is rising due to strong per-formance indicators such as round-trip efficiencies up to 90% and levelized costs as low as $0.22/kWh. Thetechno-economic and lifecycle evaluations confirm CAES as a potential candidate for cost reductions and resil-ience in energy supply. However, other deployment issues are still present: high capital costs, site-specific re-strictions, and regulatory processes. Future studies should concentrate on creating adaptable CAES designs,including intelligent control systems, and creating frameworks for supporting policies. In order to establish CAESas a key technology in the shift to low-carbon, sustainable energy systems, interdisciplinary cooperation will beessential.

This review paper examines ventilation strategies in Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs), with particular focus on balancing indoor air quality (IAQ) and building energy usage. The central question addressed is how ventilation systems can be optimized to meet sustainability goals while maintaining acceptable IAQ with minimal energy use. Reported findings show that heat recovery ventilators reduce HVAC energy by 13.5–19.7% in cold climates, while earth-to-air heat exchangers significantly lower summer demand in Mediterranean regions. Natural ventilation combined with passive design strategies achieve energy savings of up to 62% in educational buildings, and adaptive electrochromic systems yield annual savings of up to 26.6%. Conversely, mechanical ventilation has been shown to increase energy use by about 20% in some cases, underscoring the need for climate- and context-specific solutions. This review paper synthesizes mechanical, natural, hybrid, and smart ventilation performance in a climate-sensitive way, explicitly addressing trade-offs between energy efficiency and IAQ, the role of occupant behavior, and the long-term viability of different approaches when evaluated in an NZEB setting. The findings suggest that hybrid ventilation systems, powered by renewable energy and managed by intelligent controls, are among the most promising pathways toward NZEB targets. However, challenges related to climate variability and occupant behavior remain critical. The insights presented serve as a guideline for developing effective and sustainable ventilation solutions in NZEBs.

Introduction: Speech and language disorders are common developmental concerns. Identifying language issues in bilingual children presents a significant challenge. In this study, we examined how bilingualism, gender and age predicted the timing and types of diagnoses in a large clinical sample of children referred to speech and language therapy (SLT) services in a Swedish healthcare setting.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical record data was undertaken involving 1025 children under the age of 7 referred to public speech and language clinics. Data on age, gender, bilingualism and speech and language diagnoses were analysed.

Results: Bilingual children and boys were diagnosed at a younger age compared with monolingual children and girls. Speech and language diagnoses were associated with bilingualism and age. Bilingual children were more likely to have mixed receptive-expressive language disorders and developmental disorders of speech and language unspecified, and less likely to have specific speech articulation disorder and expressive language disorder, compared with monolingual Swedish-speaking children.

Conclusions: The timing and type of speech and language diagnoses were associated with sex, bilingualism and age. These observations may stem from the resources, tools and guidance available to professionals assessing bilingual children. Professionals should be cautious of these potential biases and take suitable measures to address them. Further studies in other geographical settings are warranted.

Aim: To examine hospital nursing staff's working conditions in relation to infection prevention behaviours.

Methods: Data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The participants were nursing staff and managers at surgical and orthopaedic hospital units.

Results: Nursing staff reported high self-efficacy in infection prevention behaviours, yet observational data revealed frequent lapses regardless of observed or perceived working conditions. Lapses were more frequent during interrupted tasks and when staff worked together, highlighting the influence of momentary situational factors. Lower work-related stress, greater access to structural empowerment, and stronger work engagement were found to have low but definite associations with higher levels of self-efficacy. Qualitative findings based on nursing staff perspectives showed that environmental design, workload, interruptions, knowledge, team dynamics, and leadership influenced infection prevention behaviours. Managers acknowledged these challenges and described strategies such as strengthening a supportive culture, adjusting staffing levels, and tailoring information. At the same time, they emphasised individual responsibility among staff.

Conclusions: Favourable working conditions, such as adequate staffing and access to hygiene materials, do not automatically ensure safe infection prevention work. This thesis shows that situational and emergent factors can challenge behaviours. That infection prevention lapses were more common when nursing staff worked together is a novel contribution to the field. To strengthen infection prevention, strategies must move beyond routines and address how behaviours develop in relation to clinical contexts. The findings offer important insights for healthcare staff, clinical educators, quality developers, and managers, and can inform future interventions and quality improvement work, an area of societal relevance.

The circular economy seeks to preserve resource value by promoting circular business models (CBMs) such as repair, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling. However, the practical operationalization of cascading - where resources are sequentially utilized across multiple CBMs to maximize their residual value - remains insufficiently explored, particularly in the textile and clothing (T&C) industry. This sector, marked by high resource consumption, short product lifespans, and significant environmental impacts, presents unique opportunities to slow resource loops and enhance value creation. This study systematically reviews 45 academic articles to examine how cascading is operationalized within the T&C sector. Seven archetypes of cascading are identified, encompassing interactions within and between inner loops (e.g., rental, repair, reuse), outer loops (e.g., remaking, recycling), and open-loop applications across value chains. Using cascade chain theory, these practices are mapped onto four guiding principles: appropriate fit, augmentation, consecutive relinking, and balancing resource metabolism. The analysis reveals key enabling factors for effective cascading, including advanced sorting technologies, digital and physical tracking systems, circular design, life extension strategies, supply chain coordination, supportive policies, eco-material substitution, and innovative recycling techniques. Despite these enablers, scaling cascading operations is hindered by infrastructural limitations, market and safety challenges, insufficient local processing capacity, and regulatory barriers. The findings highlight critical factors shaping cascading practices and emphasize the need for coordinated action among T&C stakeholders, policymakers, and intermediaries to establish robust cascade chains and advance the transition to circularity.

Background: Health system performance is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various dimensions of a nation's healthcare infrastructure. This study aims to assess and rank the performance of health systems across different regions of the world.

Methodology: We employed the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in 2023 to evaluate and rank the health system performance of 31 countries across six geographical regions. Our evaluation included six general categories and twelve indicators related to health, finance, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The final weights for these indicators were determined using the Three-scale method and the Entropy-weighting method. Additionally, we categorized health system performance into three groups: high, moderate, and low. Hierarchical clustering of health system performance scores was conducted using SPSS software (version 26).

Results: Luxembourg emerged as the only high-performing health system, while Qatar and the Netherlands fell into the moderate-performance group. Other countries exhibited low-performing health systems. Notably, within the low-performance group, the United States of America, Australia, Singapore, Canada, England, and Germany achieved relatively better rankings. Conversely, Yemen, Egypt, Afghanistan, and Bolivia ranked lowest in terms of health system performance.

Conclusion: Contrary to the assumption that higher health spending guarantees improved performance, the experience of COVID-19 among high-income countries revealed mixed results. Strengthening resilience, investing in public health systems, and ensuring sustainable financial resources are crucial for enhancing health system performance.

Studying the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) and land uplift modeling can be carried out utilizing geodetic observations (GNSS and precise leveling measurements), and geophysical methods. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite missions’ data has not been formally used in this context in Fennoscandia. If there is insufficient coverage of offshore or onshore data, existing estimates of GIA might be partially biased (by means of spatial pattern and magnitude), particularly over the Gulf of Bothnia where the land uplift rate reaches its maximum. To inspect this issue, we incorporated the GRACE data in estimates of the land uplift rate due to GIA. Despite satellite gravitational information having a low resolution (∼300 km) it can be used for this purpose because the GIA in Fennoscandia has a large-scale regional pattern. Our findings confirmed a bias in existing estimates. According to our results, the maximum land uplift rates reach 9.1 mm/year in the northern part of the Gulf of Bothnia, while previous estimates indicate that the maximum value is shifted westward towards land. Since GRACE data also comprises hydrological signals, we assessed its effect on the satellite gravitational information by applying different hydrological models. Our results ascertained that land uplift estimates in Fennoscandia were not significantly affected by long-term hydrological mass variations. According to our estimates over the period between 2003 and 2017, the hydrological loading effect was approximately 0.1 mm/year or less (in terms of the RMS differences when compared to the reference land uplift model). Hydrological signal variations (over the investigated period of two decades) were, therefore, dominated mainly by seasonal variations without the presence of secular trends. The results show that the land uplift model from GRACE has some discrepancies compared to existing models, so the main idea of this article is to combine land and satellite data. Therefore, we studied a combined land uplift model using GRACE and the latest land uplift model in Fennoscandia.