hig.sePublications
System disruptions
There are recurring service disruptions on some of the search portals due to high traffic. We are working to resolve the issue, you may temporarily encounter an error message.
123451 of 5
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • harvard-cite-them-right
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • sv-SE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • de-DE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Telework, Well-being and Performance – Work Tasks and Psychosocial Work Environment Factors During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, Occupational Health Science. University of Gävle, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research.
2026 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Description
Abstract [en]

The aim of this thesis was to identify and discuss telework-related factors important for employee well-being, performance, and the work environment during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Four studies were conducted in Sweden. Studies I and II included semi-structured interviews with 24 managers and 7 employees. Studies III and IV analyzed repeated cross-sectional survey data from white-collar employees (n = 1439) during and after (n = 1109) the pandemic using general linear models and logistic regression.

Telework was experienced as beneficial for independent tasks and roles such as, sales or global roles, where flexibility and fewer interruptions supported well-being, and performance. For some, continued telework has become necessary to maintain this balance. In contrast, onsite work remained important for coordinating interdependent tasks, learning, team cohesion, and organizational culture, especially for new employees. Interviews indicated that telework increased managerial emphasis on trust and delivery. Post-pandemic quantitative findings showed a more complex role of support: moderate rather than high colleague support was associated with better well-being, whereas high manager support was associated with lower productivity. Therefore, how support is experienced may vary depending on its purpose, timing, and how well it corresponds to employees’ needs. Moreover, unequal access to telework and additional demands for onsite employees could create tensions between occupational groups, complementing the positive association between organizational justice and well-being. Overall, well-being and productivity were associated with partly different psychosocial work environment factors, while recognition was associated with better well-being and productivity.

The findings highlight the importance of transparent telework arrangements that account for work tasks, team needs, organizational conditions, individual circumstances, and relevant job demands and resources.

Abstract [sv]

Syftet med studien var att identifiera och diskutera faktorer relaterade till distansarbete som är viktiga för medarbetares välmående, prestation och arbetsmiljö under och efter covid-19-pandemin. Fyra studier genomfördes i Sverige. Studierna I och II omfattade semistrukturerade intervjuer med 24 chefer och sju medarbetare. I studierna III och IV analyserades upprepade tvärsnittsdata från enkätundersökningar från 1439 tjänstemän under pandemin och 1109 efter pandemin med hjälp av linjära modeller och logistisk regression.

Distansarbete upplevdes som fördelaktigt för självständiga arbetsuppgifter och i försäljningsroller eller globala roller där flexibilitet och färre avbrott främjade välmående och prestation. För vissa hade fortsatt distansarbete blivit nödvändigt för att upprätthålla denna balans. Arbete på plats var däremot fortsatt viktigt för ömsesidigt beroende arbetsuppgifter, lärande, sammanhållning i arbetsgruppen och organisationskultur, särskilt för nyanställda. Distansarbete medförde att cheferna lade större vikt vid tillit och arbetsresultat. De kvantitativa resultaten efter pandemin visade att stöd hade en mer komplex betydelse: måttligt snarare än högt stöd från kollegor var associerat med bättre välmående, medan högt stöd från chefer var associerat med lägre produktivitet. Stödets betydelse kan därför bero på dess syfte, tidpunkt och hur väl det motsvarar medarbetarnas behov. Ojämlika möjligheter till distansarbete och ytterligare krav på medarbetare som arbetade på plats kunde dessutom skapa spänningar mellan yrkesgrupper. Detta kompletterar resultatet att organisatorisk rättvisa var positivt associerad med välmående. Sammantaget var välmående och produktivitet delvist associerade med olika psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorer, medan erkännande var associerat med både bättre välmående och produktivitet.

Resultaten betonar betydelsen av transparenta distansarbetsarrangemang som tar hänsyn till arbetsuppgifter, arbetsgruppers behov, organisatoriska förutsättningar, individuella omständigheter samt relevanta arbetskrav och -resurser.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Gävle: Gävle University Press , 2026. , p. 72
Series
Doctoral thesis ; 79
Keywords [en]
Remote work, hybrid work, telecommute, flexible work, work-life balance, productivity, job demands, job resources, distributed work
Keywords [sv]
distansarbete, flexibelt arbete, välmående, välbefinnande, produktivitet, balans mellan arbete och privatliv, krav, resurser
National Category
Work Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-50769ISBN: 978-91-90111-05-5 (print)ISBN: 978-91-90111-06-2 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hig-50769DiVA, id: diva2:2090785
Public defence
2026-10-09, Krusenstjernasalen (23:213), Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle, 10:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2026-09-17 Created: 2026-08-10 Last updated: 2026-09-17Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Managers’ Perceptions of Telework in Relation to Work Environment and Performance
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Managers’ Perceptions of Telework in Relation to Work Environment and Performance
2023 (English)In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 15, no 7, article id 5845Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The study aimed to investigate managers’ perceptions of telework in relation to the work environment and the performance of their organizations. It was grounded on interviews with 17 managers from public and private organizations in Sweden using a phenomenographic research approach. The managers had experience in leading employees who teleworked, and their contact information was provided by the organizations. The results showed that managers perceived that telework led to more focus on delivery at work. When telework enabled working undisturbed and getting more work done, employees started to question the need to come to the workplace. Further, some employees changed their behaviors at the workplace; they tended to close their office doors to avoid distractions. Others valued social activities when working at the workplace. Managers also reported that telework could make small close-working teams even closer, but they could lose contact with others outside the teams. In addition, telework led to quicker but less informed decisions, which may benefit productivity in the short term but not in the long term. The findings of the study highlight managers’ perspectives on the consequences of telework in an organization, which is important for maintaining organizational sustainability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023
Keywords
telecommuting, manager, wellbeing, effectivity, deliver, work routines, social community, added value, attractivity
National Category
Business Administration Work Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work, Flexibelt arbete
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-41247 (URN)10.3390/su15075845 (DOI)000970352100001 ()2-s2.0-85152647768 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2019-01257
Available from: 2023-03-29 Created: 2023-03-29 Last updated: 2026-09-14Bibliographically approved
2. Telework Uncovered: Employees’ Perceptions Across Various Occupations in an Industrial Company
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Telework Uncovered: Employees’ Perceptions Across Various Occupations in an Industrial Company
2025 (English)In: Administrative Sciences, E-ISSN 2076-3387, Vol. 15, no 2, article id 56Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To understand how telework is perceived among occupational groups with different work tasks within the same company, this qualitative study aimed to explore how managers and employees experience telework in relation to well-being, individual performance, and the work environment. This qualitative study used a phenomenographic approach. Fourteen online interviews, comprising seven managers and seven employees from the same industrial company, were conducted between February 2022 and September 2023. The data were analyzed inductively to capture variations in telework perceptions. The findings showed that telework is not universally beneficial or challenging; its effectiveness depends on contextual factors such as team setting, job role, type of work, and organizational culture. Telework benefits both employees and managers engaged in individual tasks (e.g., reading, drafting contracts, and preparing reports) or global collaborations, including improved well-being, work–life balance, and overall performance. However, starting with an office-based period that facilitated team cohesion, faster learning, and a deeper understanding of the organizational culture. Face-to-face onsite work could be time-consuming and, therefore, stressful for some, but it is time-saving for others. Onsite employees and managers faced increased workloads when colleagues teleworked, as employees tended to rely more on colleagues physically present in the office. This research highlights the need for tailored strategies to enhance the advantages of telework while reducing its challenges. It contributes to existing research by providing nuanced insights into the relationship between telework and occupational groups within an industrial setting and offering practical guidance for telework in this field. © 2025 by the authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2025
Keywords
remote work; telecommute; flexible work; performance; work environment; organization; work task; phenomenographic research
National Category
Work Sciences
Research subject
Health-Promoting Work, Flexibelt arbete
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-46587 (URN)10.3390/admsci15020056 (DOI)001432018000001 ()2-s2.0-85218700348 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Forte, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, 2019-01257
Available from: 2025-03-06 Created: 2025-03-06 Last updated: 2026-09-14Bibliographically approved
3. Telework and Well-Being: The Role of Work Environment Factors During and After the Pandemic
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Telework and Well-Being: The Role of Work Environment Factors During and After the Pandemic
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Work Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-51022 (URN)
Available from: 2026-09-14 Created: 2026-09-14 Last updated: 2026-09-14Bibliographically approved
4. Telework and Productivity: The Role of Work Environment Factors During and After the Pandemic
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Telework and Productivity: The Role of Work Environment Factors During and After the Pandemic
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Work Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-51023 (URN)
Available from: 2026-09-14 Created: 2026-09-14 Last updated: 2026-09-14Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(1117 kB)24 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT03.pdfFile size 1117 kBChecksum SHA-512
a44ed67f97b357ae3927096ecb5e8dc897626ba51fd96eed55236c6f8d077340a05f702f968673b0e48ce4aea55edaa87ec49460c7ca05c3e50c4ed515817015
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Korkeakunnas, Tea

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Korkeakunnas, Tea
By organisation
Occupational Health ScienceCentre for Musculoskeletal Research
Work Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 24 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 401 hits
123451 of 5
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • harvard-cite-them-right
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • sv-SE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • de-DE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf